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| Overview of School-Based Consultation | p. 1 |
| Consultation and Collaboration: Definitions, Distinctions, and Characteristics | p. 3 |
| Collaborative Consultation as an Expanded Role | p. 5 |
| Recent Trends in the Training of School Consultants | p. 9 |
| Defining Characteristics of Consultation | p. 10 |
| Consultation as the Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluating of Interventions | p. 12 |
| The Triadic Nature of ... MORE | p. 13 |
| Variations on the Triadic Model | p. 14 |
| The Role of Process and Content Expertise in Consultation | p. 15 |
| Frequently Asked Questions About School Consultation | p. 16 |
| Direct and Indirect Benefits | p. 16 |
| School Consultation as a Service Delivery System of Choice | p. 18 |
| Apparent Slowness of Adoption of Collaborative Consultation | p. 18 |
| Research on the Effectiveness of School Consultation | p. 20 |
| The Consultee as an Adult Learner-Collaborator | p. 22 |
| Training Consultees to Understand the Nature of Collaborative Consultation | p. 24 |
| Expectations and Preferences of Consultees | p. 25 |
| Useful Generalizations About Dealing with Consultees | p. 26 |
| Consultation in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Settings | p. 27 |
| The Educational Placement of Students with Disabilities | p. 30 |
| Summary | p. 34 |
| References | p. 34 |
| Models and Functional Aspects of Consultation | p. 41 |
| A Rationale for a Model | p. 42 |
| Types of Models | p. 43 |
| Two Theoretical Models | p. 44 |
| Behavioral Model | p. 44 |
| Mental Health Model | p. 53 |
| Functional Aspects of Consultation | p. 61 |
| Functional Models of School Consultation | p. 61 |
| Roles, Skills, and Activities of School-Based Consultants | p. 65 |
| Two Settings for Consultation: Individual and Team-Based | p. 71 |
| Student Study Teams | p. 72 |
| The Importance of Structure | p. 74 |
| Beyond SST: Reform as a Basis for Integrating a Teaming Philosophy | p. 77 |
| Consulting with Parents and Families | p. 80 |
| Inservice/Staff Development Activities of Consultants | p. 86 |
| Identify Needs | p. 87 |
| Setting Goals and Expectations | p. 88 |
| Presenting the ISD | p. 89 |
| Follow-up, Monitoring, and Evaluation | p. 90 |
| Summary | p. 92 |
| References | p. 93 |
| Communication and Interpersonal Skills | p. 101 |
| Communication Skills | p. 103 |
| Attending | p. 103 |
| Active Listening | p. 104 |
| Being Empathetic | p. 106 |
| Being Assertive | p. 107 |
| Questioning | p. 108 |
| A Behavioral Approach to Communication | p. 112 |
| The Interview | p. 115 |
| Taking Notes, Keeping Track | p. 115 |
| Controlling the Consultative Interaction | p. 119 |
| Potential Difficulties in Communication | p. 120 |
| Evaluating Your Communication Skills | p. 121 |
| Resistance | p. 122 |
| Types of Resistance | p. 124 |
| Causes of Resistance | p. 125 |
| Resistance by Parent Consultees | p. 132 |
| Overcoming Resistance | p. 133 |
| Interpersonal Skills | p. 140 |
| Desirable Interpersonal Characteristics and Skills | p. 141 |
| Power in the Consultative Relationship | p. 145 |
| Referent Power | p. 146 |
| Expert Power | p. 146 |
| Informational Power | p. 151 |
| Recent Thinking About Power Issues in Consultation | p. 152 |
| Summary | p. 153 |
| References | p. 153 |
| Ethics and Advocacy in School Consultation | p. 159 |
| The Purpose and Importance of Ethical Reasoning | p. 160 |
| Principles of Ethical Behavior | p. 161 |
| A Problem-Solving Model for Dealing with Ethical Issues | p. 163 |
| The Council on Exceptional Children Code of Ethics and Standards for Professional Practice | p. 164 |
| Three Example Situations | p. 165 |
| Areas of Potential Ethical Conflict | p. 172 |
| Advocacy | p. 173 |
| Summary | p. 175 |
| References | p. 176 |
| The Process of Consultation | p. 177 |
| Steps to Follow in the Consultation Process | p. 179 |
| A Generic Model of the Consultation Process | p. 180 |
| Define and Clarify the Problem | p. 180 |
| Analyze the Forces Impinging on the Problem | p. 181 |
| Brainstorm Alternative Strategies | p. 181 |
| Evaluate and Choose Among Alternative Strategies | p. 181 |
| Specify Consultant and Consultee Responsibilities | p. 182 |
| Implement the Chosen Strategy | p. 182 |
| Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Action and Recycle if Necessary | p. 183 |
| Solutions-Oriented Consultation System (SOCS) | p. 183 |
| Receipt of a Referral and Initial Thoughts About It | p. 184 |
| Initial Discussion with the Teacher | p. 185 |
| Classroom Observation | p. 188 |
| Initial Discussion with Parents | p. 191 |
| Getting Teachers and Parents Together: The SST Meeting | p. 194 |
| Assessment of the Referred Student | p. 197 |
| Planning Interventions | p. 202 |
| Implementing Interventions | p. 209 |
| Monitoring Interventions | p. 212 |
| Evaluation and Closure | p. 214 |
| Summary | p. 218 |
| References | p. 218 |
| Consulting About Students with Behavior Problems | p. 225 |
| An Orientation to the Nature of Behavior Problems | p. 226 |
| Common Reasons for Behavior Problems | p. 228 |
| Attention from Others | p. 228 |
| Child-Rearing Practices | p. 228 |
| Classroom Management Practices | p. 229 |
| Anti-Authoritarianism | p. 230 |
| Media Influence | p. 231 |
| Wanting to Have Fun or Alleviate Boredom | p. 232 |
| Disruptive Behaviors as Psychiatric Diagnoses | p. 232 |
| Poor Health | p. 233 |
| Communication Skill Deficits | p. 233 |
| Differences in Temperamental Traits | p. 233 |
| Events as Antecedents in Specific Settings | p. 234 |
| Terminology/Categorization: The DSM-IV Approach | p. 234 |
| Non-DSM-IV Category Systems | p. 237 |
| Behavioral Diagnostic Methods | p. 239 |
| Charting Methods | p. 243 |
| Rating Scales | p. 246 |
| Classroom Observations | p. 249 |
| Interviews | p. 249 |
| Determining Priorities for Intervention | p. 253 |
| General Ideas for Modifying Classroom Behavior | p. 254 |
| Classroom Rules | p. 254 |
| Contingency Management | p. 257 |
| Contracting | p. 258 |
| Non-Contingency Related Interventions | p. 259 |
| Social Skills Training | p. 260 |
| Communication (Conferencing) Methods | p. 261 |
| Seven Generalizations About Behavior Management in the Classroom | p. 265 |
| The "Best" Approach | p. 265 |
| Summary | p. 270 |
| References | p. 270 |
| Case Studies in Consultation: Behavior Problems in the Classroom | p. 277 |
| Orientation to the Cases | p. 278 |
| Hostile Teasing | p. 279 |
| Notes and Comments on Case 1 | p. 291 |
| Defiance | p. 293 |
| Notes and Comments on Case 2 | p. 307 |
| References | p. 309 |
| Consulting About Students with Academic Learning Problems | p. 311 |
| Introduction | p. 312 |
| Important Variables in School Learning | p. 313 |
| Assessing Reasons for Poor School Achievement | p. 314 |
| Diminished Mental Ability | p. 315 |
| Health and Sensory Factors | p. 315 |
| Motivation | p. 316 |
| Ineffective Teaching Practices | p. 318 |
| Inability to Concentrate | p. 319 |
| Emotional Disturbance | p. 320 |
| Poor Study Skills | p. 321 |
| Cultural, Socioeconomic, and Linguistic Differences | p. 322 |
| Learning Disabilities | p. 324 |
| The Role of the School Consultant | p. 326 |
| Instructional Consultation | p. 327 |
| Assessment of Problems in Learning: The RIOT | p. 329 |
| Understanding the Scope and Sequence of the Curriculum | p. 331 |
| TIES-II | p. 333 |
| Consultation About Academic Problems: Two Examples | p. 335 |
| General Ideas about Interventions for Problems in Academic Learning | p. 339 |
| Summary | p. 342 |
| References | p. 342 |
| Case Studies in Consultation: Academic Learning Problems in the Classroom | p. 349 |
| Learning Disability | p. 350 |
| Notes and Comments on Case 3 | p. 363 |
| Student at Risk | p. 364 |
| Notes and Comments on Case 4 | p. 379 |
| References | p. 380 |
| Systems-Level Consultation: The Organization as the Target of Change | p. 383 |
| Why Systems-Level Consultation? | p. 384 |
| District/School Organization Factors that Influence Change Efforts | p. 386 |
| The Receiving System | p. 386 |
| The Performance System | p. 386 |
| The Human Resources and People System | p. 387 |
| The Pervasive System Variables | p. 388 |
| Who Initiates Systems Change? Where Does It Come From? | p. 389 |
| Steps to Guide the Implementation of Systems Change: The DECIDE Approach | p. 392 |
| Define the Situation | p. 392 |
| Examine the Environment | p. 392 |
| Create a Goal Statement | p. 393 |
| Invent an Intervention Plan | p. 393 |
| Deliver the Action Plan | p. 395 |
| Evaluate the Intervention Action Plan | p. 395 |
| Format of the Systems-Change Case Study | p. 396 |
| Problem Statement | p. 397 |
| History of Concern | p. 398 |
| Concerned Parties | p. 398 |
| Key Trigger Incidents | p. 399 |
| Developing Initial Plans for Change | p. 406 |
| Fermentation Period | p. 402 |
| Specific Interventions | p. 402 |
| Implementation | p. 403 |
| Monitoring and Evaluating the Interventions | p. 403 |
| Changing to a Consultation-Based System of Service Delivery for General/Special Education | p. 404 |
| Summary | p. 414 |
| References | p. 414 |
| Index | p. 417 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |