RENT TEXTBOOKS

List of Maps

Preface

Part I Origins of the Cold War

1 The Seeds of Conflict

The Dominance of the West

The Rise of Revolutionary Marxism

The Triumph in Russia of Marxism-Leninism

The Soviet Challenge and the Western Response

“Collective Security” and Its Failure

The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

2 Adversaries and Allies, 1939—1945

The Nazi Onslaught, 1939—1941

The G... MORErand Alliance: Issues and Operations

Tehran: The Allies Plan for a Post-Nazi World

Allied Cooperation and Confrontation, 1944

The Yalta Conference, 4—11 February 1945

The Impact of Germany’s Defeat

The Potsdam Conference, 17 July—2 August 1945

Diplomacy, Duplicity, and the Atomic Bomb

3 The Formation of the Communist Bloc, 1944—1948

Soviet and American Objectives in Eastern Europe

Poland: From One Master to Another

Romania: Exit the Monarchy

Bulgaria: The Fruits of Friendship with Russia

Hungary: From Free Elections to One-Party Rule

Czechoslovakia: A Bridge Goes Down

Yugoslavia: Tito Triumphant

4 The Cold War Begins, 1945—1948

The German Question

Postwar Attempts at Accommodation

“Two Worlds” and an Iron Curtain

The Confrontation over Iran

The German Question Remains Unanswered

The Truman Doctrine

The Marshall Plan and European Recovery

Containment: The X-Article

5 The Battle for Germany, 1948—1952

The Crises of Early 1948

The Blockade of Berlin

The Formation of NATO and the German Federal Republic

The Advent of the Atomic Arms Race

West Germany’s Role in a Stable Europe

Stalin and the German Problem

The Persistence of the German Problem

6 The Communist Revolution in China, 1946—1950

The Nationalists and the Communists

American Attempts at Mediation

The Chinese Civil War

The Communist Victory and Its Impact

Stalin and Communist China

Part II The Global Confrontation

7 The Conflict over Korea, 1950—1953

North and South Korea

The Outbreak of Hostilities

The Widening of the War

The Dismissal of MacArthur and the Stalemate in Korea

Changes in Leadership in Washington and Moscow

The Armistice Agreement

8 New Leaders and New Realities, 1953—1957

The “New Look” in US Foreign Policy

Khrushchev and the West

Moscow and the Nonaligned Nations

Khrushchev and Stalin’s Legacy

The Suez Crisis, 1956

The Arms Race and the Space Race

9 The Perpetuation of the Cold War, 1957—1961

The Question of German Neutrality

Khrushchev’s Berlin Ultimatum, 1958—1959

Khrushchev’s Trip to America

The Nuclear Test Ban Issue

The U-2 Affair

The Collapse of the Paris Summit

The Cold War Comes to Africa

The US Presidential Campaign of 1960

10 Crisis and Coexistence, 1961—1964

The Bay of Pigs Fiasco

The Vienna Summit, June 1961

The Berlin Wall, August 1961

The US Arms Buildup and the Soviet Response

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Stresses and Strains in the Western Alliance

The Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963

Exit Kennedy, Exit Khrushchev

11 Southeast Asia and the Cold War, 1945—1970

The Struggle for Southeast Asia

The Cold War in Vietnam and Laos

The American Involvement in Vietnam

Escalation without Victory, 1965—1967

The Tet Offensive

Nixon Takes Command

12 China, SALT, and the Superpowers, 1967—1972

The Sino-Soviet Split

Mutual Assured Destruction and Missile Defense Systems

The Invasion of Czechoslovakia and the Brezhnev Doctrine

The Sino-Soviet Border War of 1969

The Roots of Détente

Willy Brandt and Ostpolitik

The Sino-American Rapprochement

Part III The Search for a Solution

13 The Heyday of Détente, 1972—1975

The Foundations of Détente, 1972—1973

The American Withdrawal from Vietnam

The Fall of Allende in Chile

The Crisis in the Middle East

Progress and Problems in East-West Relations, 1974—1975

14 The Decline of Détente, 1975—1979

Eurocommunism, Angola, and the Decline of Détente

Human Rights and the Decline of Détente

Confrontation and Confusion in East Africa

Peace between Egypt and Israel

The China Card, the America Card, and the Vienna Summit

The “Arc of Crisis” and the “Window of Vulnerability”

The Crisis in Iran

The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

15 The Return of the Cold War, 1980—1985

The Demise of Détente

The Reagan Revolution

The End of the Brezhnev Era

The Andropov Offensive

The Strategic Defense Initiative

The KAL Incident and the Grenada Invasion

The Encore of the Soviet Old Guard

16 The Thaw in the Cold War, 1985—1988

The Dawn of the Gorbachev Era

Summitry, START, and Star Wars

Trials and Tribulations in Moscow and Washington

The Revival of Détente

17 The End of the Cold War, 1988—1991

Gorbachev and Bush

The Revolutions of Eastern Europe

German Unification and Superpower Collaboration

The Collapse of the Soviet State

18 A Hard and Bitter Peace

General Conclusions

The Legacy of the Cold War



Documents


1 The Yalta Conference, February 1945

A. DECLARATION ON POLAND

B. AGREEMENT REGARDING SOVIET ENTRY INTO THE WAR AGAINST JAPAN

2 The Potsdam Conference, July—August 1945

EXCERPTS FROM THE BERLIN (POTSDAM) CONFERENCE REPORT, AUGUST 2, 1945

3 The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, August 1945

STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN, AUGUST 6, 1945

4 Ho Chi Minh’s Declaration of Independence for Vietnam, September 2, 1945

EXCERPTS FROM HO CHI MINH’S SPEECH DECLARING INDEPENDENCE FOR VIETNAM, SEPTEMBER 2, 1945

5 Stalin’s Election Speech, February 1946

HIGHLIGHTS OF STALIN’S ELECTION SPEECH, FEBRUARY 9, 1946

6 Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech, March 1946

A. HIGHLIGHTS OF CHURCHILL’S “IRON CURTAIN” SPEECH, MARCH 5, 1946

B. EXCERPTS FROM PRAVDA’S INTERVIEW WITH STALIN, MARCH 1946

7 The Baruch and Gromyko Plans for Control of Atomic Weapons, 1946

A. SPEECH BY BERNARD BARUCH TO THE UN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, JUNE 14, 1946

B. DRAFT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT TO FORBID THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF ATOMIC WEAPONS, PROPOSED BY ANDREI GROMYKO ON JUNE 19, 1946

8 The Truman Doctrine, 1947

PRESIDENT TRUMAN’S SPEECH TO THE NATION, MARCH 12, 1947

9 The Marshall Plan, 1947

MARSHALL’S COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY, JUNE 5, 1947

10 George F. Kennan, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” 1947

THE SOURCES OF SOVIET CONDUCT

11 The Founding of the Cominform, 1947

A. MANIFESTO PROCLAIMING THE COMINFORM, OCTOBER 5, 1947
 
B. RESOLUTION OF CONFERENCE OF COMMUNIST PARTIES ON ESTABLISHING THE COMINFORM, OCTOBER 5, 1947

12 The Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia, February 1948

A. LETTER FROM PRESIDENT BENES TO THE CZECHOSLOVAK COMMUNIST PARTY PRESIDIUM, FEBRUARY 24, 1948

B. REPLY BY THE CZECHOSLOVAK COMMUNIST PARTY PRESIDIUM TO THE LETTER OF PRESIDENT BENES, FEBRUARY 25, 1948

13 The Treaty of Brussels, 1948

EXCERPTS FROM THE TREATY OF BRUSSELS, MARCH 17, 1948

14 The Expulsion of Tito from the Communist Bloc, 1948

COMINFORM RESOLUTION ON THE SITUATION IN YUGOSLAVIA, JUNE 28, 1948

15 The Berlin Blockade, 1948—1949

NOTE FROM SECRETARY OF STATE MARSHALL TO THE SOVIET AMBASSADOR, JULY 6, 1948

16 The NATO Alliance, 1949

THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON (NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY), APRIL 4, 1949

17 Acheson on the Communist Triumph in China, 1949

SECRETARY OF STATE ACHESON’S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL FOR US STATE DEPARTMENT “WHITE PAPER” ON CHINA, JULY 30, 1949 53

18 Mao Proclaims the People’s Republic of China, October 1, 1949

TEXT OF MAO’S STATEMENT PROCLAIMING THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, OCTOBER 1, 1949

19 The Soviet—Chinese Friendship Treaty, February 1950

A. COMMUNIQUE ANNOUNCING THE SOVIET—CHINESE TREATY, FEBRUARY 14, 1950

B. TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, ALLIANCE AND MUTUAL AID BETWEEN THE USSR AND THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC

20 McCarthy on “Communists” in the US Government, 1950

EXCERPTS FROM SPEECH READ BY SENATOR McCARTHY TO THE US SENATE, FEBRUARY 20, 1950

21 Acheson on the American Defense Perimeter in Asia, 1950

EXCERPTS FROM ACHESON’S SPEECH TO THE NATIONAL PRESS CLUB, JANUARY 12, 1950

22 NSC—68: American Cold War Strategy, 1950

EXCERPTS FROM NSC—68 (REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT, APRIL 7, 1950)

23 The Korean War, 1950—1953

A. STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN, JUNE 27, 1950

B. RESOLUTION OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL, JUNE 27, 1950

C. EXCERPTS FROM THE PANMUNJOM ARMISTICE AGREEMENT, JULY 27, 1953

24 Dulles on “Massive Retaliation,” 1954

HIGHLIGHTS OF DULLES’S SPEECH TO THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, JANUARY 12, 1954

25 The Geneva Conference, 1954

FINAL DECLARATION OF THE GENEVA CONFERENCE, JULY 21, 1954 76

26 The SEATO Alliance, 1954

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIA COLLECTIVE DEFENSE TREATY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1954

27 The Bandung Conference and the Nonaligned Movement, 1955
A. EXCERPTS FROM SPEECH BY INDONESIAN PRESIDENT SUKARNO AT THE OPENING OF THE ASIAN-AFRICAN CONFERENCE IN BANDUNG, APRIL 18, 1955
B. EXCERPTS FROM SPEECH BY INDIA’S PRIME MINISTER NEHRU TO THE BANDUNG CONFERENCE POLITICAL COMMITTEE, APRIL, 1955
C. PRINCIPLES OF THE BANDUNG CONFERENCE’S “DECLARATION ON THE PROMOTION OF WORLD PEACE AND COOPERATION,” APRIL 24, 1955

28 The Warsaw Pact, 1955

THE WARSAW SECURITY PACT, MAY 14, 1955

29 Khrushchev on Peaceful Coexistence, 1956

EXCERPTS FROM KHRUSHCHEV’S REPORT TO THE 20TH PARTY CONGRESS, FEBRUARY 14, 1956

30 Khrushchev’s Secret Speech on Stalin and His Crimes, 1956

HIGHLIGHTS OF KHRUSHCHEV’S SECRET SPEECH TO THE 20TH PARTY CONGRESS, FEBRUARY 25, 1956

31 The Hungarian Rebellion, 1956

A. EXCERPTS FROM SOVIET GOVERNMENT STATEMENT, OCTOBER 30, 1956

B. HUNGARIAN APPEALS FOR HELP, NOVEMBER 4, 1956

C. EXCERPTS FROM THE PROCLAMATION OF A NEW HUNGARIAN GOVERNMENT, NOVEMBER 4, 1956

32The Suez Crisis, 1956

A. WITHDRAWAL OF US SUPPORT FOR ASWAN DAM PROJECT, JULY 19, 1956

B. PRESIDENT NASSER’S SPEECH NATIONALIZING THE SUEZ CANAL COMPANY, JULY 26, 1956

C. EXCERPTS FROM PRESIDENT EISENHOWER’S ADDRESS, OCTOBER 31, 1956

33 The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957

A. EXCERPTS FROM EISENHOWER’S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS ON THE MIDDLE EAST, JANUARY 5, 1957

B. JOINT CONGRESSIONAL RESOLUTION TO PROMOTE PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST, APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT ON MARCH 9, 1957

34 Europe’s Common Market: The Treaty of Rome, 1957

EXCERPTS FROM THE TREATY OF ROME, MARCH 25, 1957

35 The U—2 Affair, 1960

A. STATEMENT BY US DEPARTMENT OF STATE, MAY 5, 1960

B. STATEMENT BY US DEPARTMENT OF STATE, MAY 7, 1960

C. SOVIET NOTE ON THE U—2 INCIDENT, MAY 10, 1960

D. EXCERPTS FROM KHRUSHCHEV’S STATEMENT AT PARIS, MAY 16, 1960

E. EXCERPTS FROM EISENHOWER’S BROADCAST ADDRESS, MAY 25, 1960

36. The Congo Crisis, 1960

A.  TELEGRAM FROM PRESIDENT KASASVUBU AND PRIME MINISTER LUMUMBA TO PREMIER KHRUSHCHEV, JULY 14, 1960

B. REPLY OF PREMIER KHRUSHCHEV TO PRESIDENT KASAVUBU AND PRIME MINISTER LUMUMBA, JULY 15, 1960

C. PRIME MINISTER PATRICE LUMUMBA’S ADDRESS TO THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES OF THE CONGO, JULY 15, 1960

37 Castro on the Cuban Revolution, 1960

EXCERPTS FROM CASTRO’S ADDRESS TO THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1960

38 Khrushchev on “Wars of National Liberation,” January, 1961

EXCEPTS FROM ADDRESS BY SOVIET PREMIER KHRUSHCHEV TO A MEETING OF COMMUNIST PARTY ORGANIZATIONS IN MOSCOW, JANUARY 6, 1961

39. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address on the Military-Industrial Complex, January 17, 1961

EXCERPTS FROM PRESIDENT EISENHOWER’S TELEVISED SPEECH, JANUARY 17, 1961

40 Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, 1961

EXCERPTS FROM KENNEDY’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS, JANUARY 20, 1961

41 The Berlin Crisis, 1961

A. KENNEDY’S REPORT TO THE NATION ON BERLIN, JULY 25, 1961

B. US NOTE PROTESTING CLOSURE OF EAST BERLIN BORDER, AUGUST 17, 1961

C. SOVIET RESPONSE TO THE US PROTEST, AUGUST 18, 1961

42 The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962

A. HIGHLIGHTS OF KENNEDY’S ADDRESS TO THE NATION, OCTOBER 22, 1962

B. EXCERPTS FROM KHRUSHCHEV’S MESSAGE TO KENNEDY, OCTOBER 26, 1962

C. EXCERPTS FROM KHRUSHCHEV’S MESSAGE TO KENNEDY, OCTOBER 27, 1962

D. EXCERPT FROM KENNEDY’S RESPONSE TO KHRUSHCHEV, OCTOBER 27, 1962

43 Kennedy’s “Peace Speech” at American University, June 1963

EXCERPTS FROM KENNEDY’S COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS AT AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, JUNE 10, 1963

44 Kennedy’s Berlin Speech, June 1963: “Ich bin ein Berliner”

EXCERPTS FROM KENNEDY’S SPEECH IN BERLIN, JUNE 26, 1963

45 The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, August 1963

EXCERPTS FROM THE LIMITED NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY, AUGUST 5, 1963

46 The Sino-Soviet Split, 1960—1963

A. EXCERPTS FROM CHINESE COMMUNIST PUBLICATION “LONG LIVE LENINISM,” APRIL 1960

B. EXCERPTS FROM KHRUSHCHEV’S CLOSING REMARKS AT THE 22ND PARTY CONGRESS, OCTOBER 27, 1961

C. EXCERPTS FROM OPEN LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOVIET COMMUNIST PARTY TO ALL SOVIET COMMUNISTS, JULY 14, 1963

47 The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964

THE GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION, AUGUST 10, 1964

48 Lin Biao, “Long Live the Victory of People’s War,” 1965

EXCERPTS FROM “LONG LIVE THE VICTORY OF PEOPLE’S WAR,” SEPTEMBER 3, 1965

49 Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War, 1965—1968

A. JOHNSON’S SPEECH AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, APRIL 7, 1965

B. JOHNSON’S ADDRESS TO THE NATION, MARCH 31, 1968

50. China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969

A. DECISION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY CONCERNING THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION, ADOPTED ON AUGUST 8, 1966

B. EXCERPTS FROM THE “LITTLE RED BOOK,” QUOTATIONS FROM CHAIRMAN MAO TSE-TUNG

51 The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, July 1968

TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS, JULY 1, 1968

52 The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, August 1968

A. STATEMENT OF CZECHOSLOVAK COMMUNIST PARTY PRESIDIUM, AUGUST 21, 1968

B. STATEMENT OF SOVIET NEWS AGENCY (TASS), AUGUST 21, 1968

C. ZHOU ENLAI’S SPEECH AT THE RUMANIAN EMBASSY, AUGUST 23, 1968

53 The Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968

A. EXCERPT FROM “SOVEREIGNTY AND THE INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF SOCIALIST COUNTRIES,” PRAVDA, SEPTEMBER 26, 1968

B. EXCERPT FROM BREZHNEV’S REMARKS TO THE POLISH PARTY CONGRESS, NOVEMBER 12, 1968

54 The Soviet-Chinese Border Conflict, 1969

A. NOTE FROM THE CHINESE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE SOVIET EMBASSY IN CHINA, MARCH 2, 1969

B. STATEMENT BY SOVIET GOVERNMENT, MARCH 29, 1969

55 The Nixon Doctrine, 1969

A. EXCERPTS FROM NIXON’S REMARKS AT GUAM, JULY 25, 1969

B. EXCERPTS FROM NIXON’S ADDRESS TO THE NATION, NOVEMBER 3, 1969

56 Salvador Allende’s Freely Elected Marxist Government in Chile, 1970-1973

A. SALVADOR ALLENDE’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS, NOVEMBER 5, 1970

B. ALLENDE’S LAST WORDS, BROADCAST SHORTLY BEFORE HIS OVERTHROW AND SUICIDE ON SEPTEMBER 11, 1973

57 The Berlin Accords, September 1971

QUADRIPARTITE AGREEMENT ON BERLIN, SEPTEMBER 3, 1971

58 Nixon’s China Visit: The Shanghai Communique, February 1972

EXCERPTS FROM COMMUNIQUE ISSUED AT SHANGHAI, FEBRUARY 27, 1972

59 The ABM Treaty and SALT I, 1972

A. TREATY ON THE LIMITATION OF ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEMS, MAY 26, 1972

B. INTERIM AGREEMENT ON CERTAIN MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THE LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS (SALT I), MAY 26, 1972

60 The US Withdrawal from Vietnam, January 1973

A. NIXON’S ADDRESS TO THE NATION, JANUARY 23, 1973

B. THE PARIS PEACE ACCORDS, JANUARY 27, 1973

61 The Yom Kippur/Ramadan War, 1973

A.  UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 338, PASSED ON OCTOBER 22, 1973
B.  ISRAEL ACCEPTS THE CEASE-FIRE, OCTOBER 22, 1973
C.  EGYPT ACCEPTS THE CEASE-FIRE, OCTOBER 22, 1973
62 Deng Xiaoping’s “Three Worlds” Speech, April 1974
HIGHLIGHTS OF SPEECH BY CHINESE VICE-PREMIER DENG XIAOPING TO THE U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY, APRIL 10, 1974

63 The Vladivostok Summit, 1974

A. AGREEMENT CONCLUDED AT VLADIVOSTOK, NOVEMBER 24, 1974

B. EXCERPT FROM PRESIDENT FORD’S STATEMENT, DECEMBER 2, 1974

64 The Helsinki Final Act, 1975

EXCERPTS FROM DECLARATION SIGNED AT HELSINKI, AUGUST 1, 1975

65 Carter on Human Rights, 1977

CARTER’S ADDRESS TO THE UNITED NATIONS, MARCH 17, 1977 179

66 Peace Between Egypt and Israel, 1977—1979

A. EXCERPT FROM SADAT’S SPEECH IN ISRAEL, NOVEMBER 20, 1977

B. FRAMEWORK FOR PEACE AGREED TO AT CAMP DAVID, SEPTEMBER 17, 1978

C. TREATY BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL, MARCH 26, 1979

67 The Normalization of US-Chinese Relations, 1978—1979

A. CARTER’S STATEMENT ON OPENING TIES WITH CHINA, DECEMBER 15, 1978

B. STATEMENT BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

68 The SALT II Agreement, 1979

TREATY ON THE LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS (SALT II), JUNE 18, 1979

69 The Creation of an Islamic Republic in Iran, 1979

AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI DENOUNCES BOTH BLOCS IN THE COLD WAR, 1978-1980

70 The Euromissile Controversy, 1979

A. BREZHNEV’S CONDEMNATION OF NATO’S PLANS, OCTOBER 6, 1979

B. NATO COMMUNIQUE ON “DUAL TRACK” APPROACH, DECEMBER 12, 1979

71 The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, December 1979

A. CARTER’S STATEMENT ON IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN, DECEMBER 28, 1979

B. CARTER’S INTERVIEW CONCERNING THE SOVIET RESPONSE TO HIS PROTEST NOTE ON THE INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, DECEMBER 31, 1979

C. BREZHNEV’S EXPLANATION OF THE SOVIET ROLE IN AFGHANISTAN, JANUARY 12, 1980

72 The Carter Doctrine, January 1980

EXCERPT FROM CARTER’S STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS, JANUARY 23, 1980 203

73 Reagan’s Anti-Soviet Rhetoric, 1981—1983

A. EXCERPT FROM PRESIDENT REAGAN’S FIRST PRESS CONFERENCE, JANUARY 29, 1981

B. EXCERPT FROM REAGAN’S “EVIL EMPIRE” SPEECH, MARCH 8, 1983 205

74 Reagan’s Arms Control Proposals, November 1981 207

EXCERPT FROM REAGAN’S ADDRESS ON ARMS REDUCTION, NOVEMBER 18, 1981

75 The Polish Imposition of Martial Law, December 1981

A. GENERAL JARUZELSKI’S RADIO ADDRESS, DECEMBER 13, 1981

B. EXCERPTS FROM THE DECREE IMPOSING MARTIAL LAW

76 Andropov’s Peace Offensive, 1982

EXCERPTS FROM ANDROPOV’S SPEECH ON REDUCTIONS IN NUCLEAR MISSILES, DECEMBER 21, 1982

77 Reagan’s “Star Wars” Speech, 1983

EXCERPTS FROM REAGAN’S TELEVISED SPEECH, MARCH 23, 1983

78 The Nuclear Freeze Resolution, 1983

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS FREEZE RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, MAY 4, 1983

79 The KAL 007 Incident, 1983

STATEMENT BY SECRETARY OF STATE GEORGE SCHULTZ ON SOVIET DOWNING OF KOREAN JETLINER, SEPTEMBER 1, 1983

80 The Geneva Summit, 1985

A. EXCERPTS FROM JOINT SOVIET-AMERICAN STATEMENT ON THE GENEVA SUMMIT, NOVEMBER 21, 1985

B. REMARKS BY GENERAL SECRETARY GORBACHEV

C. REMARKS BY PRESIDENT REAGAN

81 The Reykjavik Summit, 1986

EXCERPTS FROM GORBACHEV’S STATEMENT IN REYKJAVIK, OCTOBER 12, 1986

82 Reagan’s 1987 Berlin Speech: “Tear Down This Wall”

HIGHLIGHTS OF REAGAN’S BERLIN WALL SPEECH, JUNE 12, 1987

83 Gorbachev’s New Thinking on International Relations

EXCERPTS FROM “NEW POLITICAL THINKING,” FROM PERESTROIKA BY MIKHAIL GORBACHEV

84 The INF Treaty, December 1987

TREATY ON INTERMEDIATE AND SHORTER RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES, DECEMBER 8, 1987

85 The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan, 1988—1989

GORBACHEV’S STATEMENT ON SOVIET WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN, FEBRUARY 8, 1988

86 Gorbachev’s UN Address, December 1988

EXCERPTS FROM GORBACHEV’S SPEECH TO THE UNITED NATIONS, DECEMBER 7, 1988

87 The Tienanmen Square Massacre, June 1989

A. LI PENG’S SPEECH ON BEHALF OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE AND STATE COUNCIL, MAY 19, 1989

B. DENG XIAOPING’S SPEECH TO MARTIAL LAW UNITS, JUNE 9, 1989

88 The Opening of the Berlin Wall, November 1989

STATEMENT ALLOWING EAST GERMANS TO TRAVEL ABROAD OR EMIGRATE, NOVEMBER 9, 1989

89 NATO’s London Declaration on the End of the Cold War, July 1990

THE LONDON DECLARATION, JULY 6, 1990

90 The Kohl-Gorbachev Agreement on German Unification, July 1990

A. STATEMENT BY HELMUT KOHL, JULY 16, 1990

B. STATEMENT BY MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, JULY 16, 1990

91 The START Treaty, July 1991

TREATY ON THE REDUCTION AND LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS, JULY 31, 1991

92 The Attempted Coup in the USSR, August 1991

A. ANNOUNCEMENT ON GORBACHEV’S REMOVAL AND FORMATION OF EMERGENCY COMMITTEE, AUGUST 19, 1991

B. YELTSIN’S CALL TO RESIST THE COUP ATTEMPT, AUGUST 19, 1991

C. PRESIDENT BUSH’S STATEMENT ON THE SOVIET COUP, AUGUST 19, 1991

D. EXCERPTS FROM SOVIET TELEVISION REPORT, AUGUST 21, 1991

E. GORBACHEV’S REMARKS ON RETURNING TO MOSCOW, AUGUST 22, 1991

93 Gorbachev’s Resignation Speech, December 1991

HIGHLIGHTS OF GORBACHEV’S RESIGNATION SPEECH, DECEMBER 25, 1991