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Classical Myth

ISBN: 9780137167142 | 0137167148
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Pearson College Div
Pub. Date: 7/1/1997

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SummaryTable of Contents
Comprehensive and scholarly, this well-designed and class-tested text presents Greek and Roman myths in a lively and easy-to-read manner. It features fresh translations, numerous illustrations (ancient and modern) of classical myths and legends, and commentary that emphasizes the anthropological, historical, religious, sociological, and economic contexts in which the myths were told. This book covers myths of creation, myths of fertility, myths of the Olympians, Heracles, Oedipus, Trojan War, Roman Myth, Odysseus, and more. It also introduces students to classic literary works by Homer, Hesiod, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Ovid. For anyone interested in learning more about the creation and modern interpretation of classical myths.
Prefacexix
PART I Definitions and Background1(74)
CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Myth
1(20)
WHAT IS A MYTH?
... MORE2(2)
TYPES OF MYTH
4(10)
Divine Myth
5(2)
Legend
7(5)
Folktale
12(2)
THE STUDY OF MYTH
14
PERSPECTIVE 1.1 Legend and Archaeology: "I Have Gazed upon the Face of Agamemnon!"
9(6)
PERSPECTIVE 1.2 Folklore Motifs in George Luca's Star Wars
15(6)
CHAPTER 2 The Cultural Context of Classical Myth
21(30)
GREEK GEOGRAPHY
21(3)
GREEK HISTORY
24(9)
The Early/Middle Bronze Age (3000-1600 B.C.): The Origin of the Greeks
25(1)
The Mycenaean Age (1600-1200 B.C.)
26(1)
The Dark Age (1200-800 B.C.)
27(1)
The Archaic Period (800-480 B.C.)
28(1)
The Classical Period (480-323 B.C.)
29(3)
The Hellenistic Period (323-31 B.C.)
32(1)
GREEK SOCIETY
33(14)
War and the Spirit of Competition
33(2)
The Family
35(1)
Women, Men, and Sexuality
36(5)
Beliefs and Customs
41(5)
Religion
46(1)
GREECE AND ROME
47
PERSPECTIVE 2.1 Metamorphosis ("Change of Form")
44(7)
CHAPTER 3 The Development of Classical Myth
51(24)
THE BEGINNINGS OF GREEK MYTH
51(4)
THE INFLUENCE OF NEAR EASTERN MYTH
55(9)
Sumerians
55(4)
The Sumerian Deities
59(2)
The Semites
61(2)
Other Sources
63(1)
GREEK MYTH IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
64(4)
GREEK MYTH IN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
68(3)
GREEK MYTH IN THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD
71(1)
THE ROMAN APPROPRIATION OF GREEK MYTH
72
PERSPECTIVE 3.1 The Discovery of Oral Versemaking
56(9)
PERSPECTIVE 3.2 The Rediscovery of the Ancient Near East
65(10)
PART II Divine Myths75(236)
CHAPTER 4 Myths of Creation: The Rise of Zeus
75(34)
THE CHILDREN OF CHAOS
75(2)
HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt) Homeric Hymn to Gaea
THE CHILDREN OF GAEA: THE TITANS AND THEIR COUSINS
77(8)
The Titans HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
78(2)
Cyclopes, Hecatonchires HESIOD, Theogony
80(1)
Hyperion's Children: Sun, Moon, Dawn
80(2)
Homeric Hymn to Helius
Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite (excerpt)
Cronus Against Uranus HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
82(1)
The Birth of Aphrodite, Monsters, and Sea Deities HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
83(5)
Zeus Against Cronus: The Battle with the Titans HESIOD, Theogony (excerpts)
88(4)
Zeus's Battle with Typhoeus HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
92(3)
Zeus's Battle with the Giants
95(1)
Prominent Themes in the Greek Creation Story
96(2)
Eastern Creation Stories
98(8)
THE BABLYLONIAN Enuma Elish
THE HITTITE Kingship in Heaven AND THE Song of Ullikummi
Observations: The Succession Motif in Hesiod and the Near East
106
PERSPECTIVE 4.1 Botticelli's Birth of Venus
85(5)
PERSPECTIVE 4.2 Goya's Saturn Devouring His Children
90(15)
PERSPECTIVE 4.3 Theogony, Theomachy, and the Biblical Creation Story
105(4)
CHAPTER 5 Myths of Creation: The Origins of Mortals
109(26)
PROMETHEUS, MAKER OF MORTALS OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
109(17)
The Sumerian Creation of Man from Mud
110(1)
Prometheus, Protector of Mortals HESIOD, Theogony (excerpts)
111(7)
AESCHYLUS, Prometheus Bound (excerpt)
Pandora HESIOD, Works and Days (excerpts)
118(5)
The Five Races HESIOD, Works and Days (excerpt)
123(3)
THE UNIVERSAL FLOOD
126(6)
Ziusudra, Atrahasis, Noah
126(2)
Lycaon, Deucalion, Pyrrha OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpts)
128(4)
PROMINENT THEMES IN GREEK STORIES OF HUMAN ORIGINS
132
PERSPECTIVE 5.1 Plato's Aristophanes on Love and Human Origins
112(4)
PERSPECTIVE 5.2 Prometheus and the Romantics
116(5)
PERSPECTIVE 5.3 Woman as Container
121(14)
CHAPTER 6 Myths of the Olympian Gods: The First Generation
135(28)
ANTHROPOMORPHISM IN GREEK MYTH HOMER, Iliad (excerpts)
136(3)
ZEUS, LORD OF THE SKY
139(8)
HOMER, Iliad (excerpts)
HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
HERA, QUEEN OF HEAVEN
147(1)
DEMETER, MISTRESS OF WHEAT
148(1)
POSEIDON, LORD OF THE DEEP HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
149(2)
HADES, KING OF THE DEAD
151(1)
HESTIA, THE HEARTH
151(1)
APHRODITE, GODDESS OF SEXUAL LOVE
152
Hermaphroditus and Priapus
152(2)
Pygmalion OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
154(2)
Aphrodite and Anchises Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite (excerpts)
156
PERSPECTIVE 6.1 The Three Graces of Peter Paul Rubens
145(18)
CHAPTER 7 Myths of the Olympian Gods: The Second Generation, Part I
163(22)
APOLLO THE FAR-DARTER, GOD OF PROPHECY HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
164(14)
The Birth of Apollo and Artemis on Delos Homeric Hymn to Apollo (excerpts)
164(4)
Apollo at Delphi Homeric Hymn to Apollo (excerpts)
168(3)
Observations: The Delphic Oracle
171(2)
Apollo's Unhappy Loves OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
173(3)
Observations: Apollo, God of Shamans
176(2)
ARTEMIS, MISTRESS OF ANIMALS
178
EURIPIDES, Hippolytus (excerpt)
Homeric Hymn to Artemis
HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
Orion, Actaeon, and Callisto OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpts)
PERSPECTIVE 7.1 Bernini's Apollo and Daphne
174(11)
CHAPTER 8 Myths of the Olympian Gods: The Second Generation, Part II
185(26)
HEPHAESTUS, GOD OF SMITHS
185(2)
ARES, INCARNATION OF BLOOD LUST
187(4)
HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
ATHENA, MISTRESS OF THE CITY HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
191(4)
Arachne OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpts)
193(2)
HERMES, TRICKSTER GOD OF WAYFARERS Homeric Hymn to Hermes (excerpt)
195(14)
Pan, The Goatherd's God
208(1)
PERSPECTIVE 8.1 "Great Pan Is Dead"
209(2)
CHAPTER 9 Myths of Fertility: Demeter and the Great Goddess
211(32)
INANNA AND DUMUZI
212(4)
Observations: The Dying God and the Sacred Marriage
215(1)
ISIS AND OSIRIS
216(3)
CYBELE AND ATTIS
219(2)
APHRODITE AND ADONIS OVID, Metamorphoses 10 (excerpt)
221(3)
DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE Homeric Hymn to Demeter
224(13)
Observations: The Myth of Demeter and Persephone
236(1)
THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES
237
I Corinthians (excerpt)
241
PERSPECTIVE 9.1 H.D.'s "Adonis"
222(11)
PERSPECTIVE 9.2 Rossetti's Prosperpina Holding the Pomegranate
233(10)
CHAPTER 10 Myths of Fertility: Dionysus
243(38)
THE BIRTH AND EARLY YOUTH OF DIONYSUS
244(2)
THE WANDERINGS OF DIONYSUS
246(4)
CATULLUS, Poem 64 (excerpt)
OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
RESISTANCE TO THE GOD HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
250(2)
DIONYSUS AND THE PIRATES Homeric Hymn to Dionysus
252(1)
DIONYSUS IN THEBES EURIPIDES, Bacchae (excerpts)
253(17)
DIONYSUS' JOURNEY TO THE LAND OF THE DEAD
270(4)
Observations: The Myths of Dionysus
271(3)
THE CULT OF DIONYSUS
274(2)
DIONYSUS, GOD OF THE THEATER
276
PERSPECTIVE 10.1 Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne
249(29)
PERSPECTIVE 10.2 Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy
278(3)
CHAPTER 11 Myths of Death: Encounters with the Underworld
281(30)
THE GREEK VIEW OF DEATH
282(2)
ODYSSEUS' JOURNEY TO DEATH'S REALM HOMER, Odyssey (excerpts)
284(9)
AENEAS' DESCENT TO THE UNDERWORLD VERGIL, Aeneid (excerpts)
293(10)
ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE VERGIL, Georgics 4 (excerpt)
303(3)
ORPHISM CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA, Protrepticus (excerpt)
306
PERSPECTIVE 11.1 Michelangelo's The Sibyl of Cumae
295(3)
PERSPECTIVE 11.2 Dante's Inferno
298(9)
PERSPECTIVE 11.3 Marcel Camus's Black Orpheus
307(4)
PART III Legends311(305)
CHAPTER 12 The Myths of Athens
311(35)
CECROPS, ERICHTHONIUS, AND THE DAUGHTERS OF CECROPS
312(4)
Observations: The Festival of the Dew Carriers
314(2)
PROCRIS AND CEPHALUS OVID, Ars Amatoria (excerpt)
316(2)
PROCNE AND TEREUS
318(6)
OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
318(5)
Observations: Ovid's Literary Myth
323(1)
THESEUS
324
The Begetting of Theseus
324(1)
The Labors of Theseus
325(2)
Arrival at Athens BACCHYLIDES 18
327(2)
Theseus and Antiope
329(1)
Observations: The Amazons
330(1)
Theseus and Hippolytus EURIPIDES, Hippolytus (excerpts)
331(7)
The Exploits of Theseus and Pirithous
338(2)
The Death of Theseus
340(1)
Observations: Myth and Propaganda
340
PERSPECTIVE 12.1 Boccaccio's Misfortunes of Famous Men
337(4)
PERSPECTIVE 12.2 The Folktale of "Potiphar's Wife"
341(5)
CHAPTER 13 The Myths of Crete
346(26)
EUROPA AND THE BULL OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
347(2)
MINOS AND PASIPHAE OVID, Ars Amatoria (excerpt)
349(4)
MINOS AND SCYLLA
353(1)
THESEUS AND AMPHITRITE BACCHYLIDES, Dithyramb 17
354(3)
THESEUS AND THE MINOTAUR CATULLUS 64 (excerpts)
357(4)
DAEDALUS AND ICARUS OVID, Ars Amatoria (excerpt)
361(3)
THE DEATH OF MINOS
364(1)
OBSERVATIONS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CRETAN MYTH
364
THUCYDIDES, 1.4 HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
PERSPECTIVE 13.1 Picasso's Minotauromachia
351(14)
PERSPECTIVE 13.2 Brueghel's The Fall of Icarus
365(7)
CHAPTER 14 The Myths of Mycenae and Tiryns: Perseus and his Descendants
372(26)
IO AND HER DESCENDANTS
373(6)
The Wanderings of Io AESCHYLUS, Prometheus Bound (excerpt)
373(3)
The Crimes of the Danaids
376(2)
Observations: Springs and the Dangers of Woman
378(1)
THE LEGEND OF PERSEUS
379(13)
Danae and the Shower of Gold SIMONIDES, fragment 38
379(2)
Perseus the Gorgon-slayer PINDAR, Pythian 12 (excerpt)
381(4)
Perseus and Andromeda OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
385(3)
The Death of Acrisius
388(1)
Observations: Perseus and Folktale; Medusa's Head
389(3)
HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
PERSEUS' DESCENDANTS AND THE BIRTH OF HERACLES
392
PSEUDO-HESIOD, Shield of Heracles (excerpt)
HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
Observations: Twins and Divine Birth
395(1)
Egyptian Hymn on the Birth of Hatshepsut
396
PERSPECTIVE 14.1 Correggio's Jupiter and Io
377(9)
PERSPECTIVE 14.2 Vasari's Perseus and Andromeda
386(4)
PERSPECTIVE 14.3 Classical Myth and the Stars
390(8)
CHAPTER 15 Heracles
398(38)
HERACLES' YOUTHFUL DEEDS PINDAR, Nemean 1 (excerpt)
398(4)
MARRIAGE, MADNESS, AND MURDER EURIPIDES, Heracles (excerpt)
402(2)
THE TWELVE LABORS
404(14)
EURIPIDES, Alcestis (excerpts)
VERGIL, Aeneid (excerpt)
HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
Observations: Heracles' Labors HESIOD, Theogony (excerpt)
416(2)
VARIOUS DEEDS
418(1)
THE DEATH OF HERACLES
419(7)
SOPHOCLES, The Women of Trachis (excerpts)
Homer, Odyssey (excerpt)
THE RETURN OF THE HERACLIDS
426(2)
Observations: Heracles Kallinikos, "Handsome in Victory"
426(2)
MESOPOTAMIAN LEGEND: GILGAMESH
428
Gilgamesh and Enkidu
428(1)
Gilgamesh and Humbaba
429(1)
Gilgamesh and Ishtar
430(2)
The Quest for Eternal Life
432(1)
Observations: The Human World of Culture and Mortality
433
PERSPECTIVE 15.1 Daumier's Heracles in the Augean Stables
409(11)
PERSPECTIVE 15.2 Carracci's Heracles at the Crossroads
420(16)
CHAPTER 16 The Myths of Thebes
436(29)
THE FOUNDING OF THEBES: CADMUS AND THE DRAGON OVID, Metamorphoses (excerpt)
436(8)
The Twins Amphion and Zethus
441(1)
Observations: The Two Foundings of Thebes
442(2)
OEDIPUS THE KING
444(7)
HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus the King (excerpts)
Observations: Sufferer for Truth--Or Victim of Curiosity? SOPHOCLES, Oedipus the King (excerpt)
448(3)
THE SEVEN AGAINST THEBES
451(7)
Oedipus at Colonus SOPHOCLES, Oedipus at Colonus (excerpts)
452(2)
Tydeus at Thebes HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
454(1)
The Battle before Thebes
455(3)
AESCHYLUS, Seven Against Thebes (excerpt)
EURIPIDES, The Phoenician Women (excerpt)
SOPHOCLES' ANTIGONE
458(5)
THE EPIGONI
463
PERSPECTIVE 16.1 Oedipal Complexities
449(16)
CHAPTER 17 The Myths of Iolcus and Calydon
465(34)
PRELUDE TO THE ARGONAUTICA
466(3)
Phrixus, Helle, and the Golden Fleece
466(1)
Pelias and Aeson HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
467(2)
THE VOYAGE OF THE ARGO
469(11)
Early Adventures
470(2)
Phineus and the Harpies
472(1)
The Symplegades APOLLONIUS OF RHODES, Argonautica (excerpt)
473(1)
Medea and the Golden Fleece APOLLONIUS OF RHODES, Argonautica (excerpt)
474(4)
Libya
478(2)
Observations: Jason, the Deflated Hero
480(1)
AFTER THE VOYAGE OF THE ARGO
480(12)
The Death of Pelias
480(1)
Jason and Medea in Corinth EURIPIDES, Medea (excerpt)
481(9)
Observations: Medea, Sorceress and Wife
490(2)
THE CALYDONIAN BOAR HUNT BACCHYLIDES 5 (excerpt)
492
Observations: Myths of the Hunt and the Hunter
496
PERSPECTIVE 17.1 Seneca's Medea
488(3)
PERSPECTIVE 17.2 Delacroix's Medee
491(8)
CHAPTER 18 The Trojan War Part I: The House of Atreus; The Anger of Achilles
499(35)
THE HOUSE OF ATREUS
500(4)
Pelops, Oenomaus, and Hippodamia
500(2)
The Banquet of Thyestes EURIPIDES, Electra (excerpt)
502(2)
THE HOUSE OF TYNDAREUS
504(3)
Leda and the Swan; Castor and Polydeuces Homeric Hymn to the Dioscuri
504(2)
The Oath of Tyndareus HESIOD, Catalogue of Women (excerpt)
506(1)
THE WEDDING OF PELEUS AND THETIS EURIPIDES, Iphigenia in Aulis (excerpt)
507(2)
THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS
509(2)
THE TROJAN WAR
511(11)
The Gathering at Aulis
511(1)
The Journey to Troy AESCHYLUS, Agamemnon (excerpt)
512(4)
Helen on the Wall HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
516(3)
The Anger of Achilles HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
519(3)
HECTOR AND ANDROMACHE HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
522
The Embassy to Achilles HOMER, Iliad (excerpts)
525(4)
The Death of Hector HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
529(3)
Observations: Homer, Inventor of Plot and Character
532
PERSPECTIVE 18.1 Yeats's "Leda and the Swan"
505(13)
PERSPECTIVE 18.2 The Beauty of Helen
518(16)
CHAPTER 19 The Trojan War Part II: The Fall of Rome; The Return of Agamemnon
534(22)
THE GREEKS AT TROY
534(1)
THE JUDGMENT OF THE ARMS OF ACHILLES HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
534(13)
The Trojan Horse HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
537(5)
The Fall of Troy
542(5)
EURIPIDES, Trojan Women (excerpt)
VERGIL, Aeneid (excerpt)
AGAMEMNON'S RETURN
547
The Murder of Agamemnon AESCHYLUS, Agamemnon (excerpts)
547(4)
Orestes' Revenge AESCHYLUS, Choephoroe (excerpts)
551(1)
The Trial of Orestes AESCHYLUS, Eumenides (excerpts)
552(2)
Observations: A Parable of Progress
554
PERSPECTIVE 19.1 El Greco's Laocoon
541(5)
PERSPECTIVE 19.2 Troilus and Cressida: The Trojan War After Ancient Times
546(10)
CHAPTER 20 The Return of Odysseus
556(27)
ODYSSEUS' JOURNEY FROM TROY
557(16)
The Cicones and the Lotus Eaters HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
557(1)
Polyphemus HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
557(12)
Aeolus, the Laestrygonians, and Circe
569(2)
Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, the Cattle of Helius, and Calypso
571(1)
Observations: Historical and Mythical Travel
572(1)
RETURN TO ITHACA
573
Phaeacia, Nausicaa HOMER, Odyssey (excerpt)
573(2)
Ithaca, Argus, and Euryclea
575(2)
Penelope, Telemachus, and the Suitors HOMER, Odyssey (excerpts)
577(3)
Observations: Symbols of Rebirth in the Folktale of the Man Who Came Home
580
PERSPECTIVE 20.1 Ulysses
559(17)
PERSPECTIVE 20.2 Cavafy's "Ithaca"
576(7)
CHAPTER 21 Roman Myth
583(33)
ROMAN RELIGION
584(7)
Numina and Sacrificium
584(4)
Roman Deities Equated with Greek
588(1)
Gods of the Family and the State
589(2)
THE FOUNDING OF ROME
591(11)
Roman Politics and History
591(2)
The Origins of Rome: Vergil and the Aeneid
593(7)
HOMER, Iliad (excerpt)
VERGIL, Aeneid (excerpts)
Observations: An Epic of National Rebirth
600(2)
LEGENDS OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY
602(9)
Romulus and Remus LIVY, Ab urbe condita (excerpts)
602(3)
The Rape of the Sabine Women
605(1)
Titus Tatius, Tarpeia, and the Death of Romulus
606(1)
The Horatii and the Curiatii
606(1)
The Etruscan Dynasty and Tullia LIVY, Ab urbe condita (excerpt)
607(3)
Lucretia and the End of Monarchy LIVY, Ab urbe condita (excerpt)
610(1)
HEROES OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC
611
Brutus and His Sons
611(1)
Horatius at the Bridge
611(3)
Mucius Scaevola
614(1)
Other Patriotic Heroes
614(1)
Observations: An Imaginary Past Preserves the Present
614
PERSPECTIVE 21.1 David's Oath of the Horatii
608(4)
PERSPECTIVE 21.2 The Lucretia of Rembrandt and Shakespeare
612(4)
PART IV Interpretation616(29)
CHAPTER 22 Theories of Myth Interpretation
616(29)
GREEK THEORIES XENOPHANES (excerpts)
618(6)
Physical Allegory
619(2)
Historical Allegory: Euhemerism
621(1)
Metaphysical Allegory
622(2)
MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE THEORIES
624(4)
THEORIES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
628(1)
THEORIES OF THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES
629(12)
Romantic Theories
629(2)
Anthropological Theories
631(2)
Linguistic Theories
633(2)
Psychological Theories
635(3)
Structuralist Theories
638(1)
Contextual Approaches
639(2)
CONCLUSION
641
PERSPECTIVE 22.1 Apuleius' Allegory of Cupid and Psyche
623(22)
Index645(24)
Greek and Roman Gods Chart669(1)
Chronological Chart670

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