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Cities and Urban Life

ISBN: 9780137363230 | 0137363230
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
Pub. Date: 5/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
Cities and Urban Life, authored by two of the best-known textbook writers in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to urban sociology, urban anthropology, and urban studies courses. Primarily sociological in approach, this book incorporates historical, social psychological, geographical, and anthropological insights. While strong in the classical urban sociology, it also gives extensive attention to the "new" political economy approach to urban studies. Also, the authors use global cities as case studies for more relevance to students.
SPECIAL FEATURESxv(4)
PREFACExix
PART I UNDERSTANDING THE CITY1(23)
CHAPTER 1 EXPLORING THE CITY
1(23)
... MORE
Why Study the City?
2(2)
The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives
4(9)
The City in History
5(2)
The Emergence of Urban Sociology
7(1)
The Urban Experience
7(1)
Urban Geography and Ecology
8(4)
Urban Political Economy
12(1)
The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities
13(7)
The City in World Perspective
20(1)
Urban Sociology and the Quality of City Life
21(3)
PART II THE HISTORY OF CITIES24(79)
CHAPTER 2 THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD'S CITIES
24(36)
Urban Origins
25(6)
Archaeology: Digging the Early City
25(1)
The First Permanent Settlements
26(1)
The City Emerges
27(4)
The First Urban Revolution: City-States and Urban Empires
31(16)
The Near East: Mesopotamia and Egypt
33(3)
The Indus Region
36(2)
A Glance Eastward: China
38(1)
A Glance Westward: The Americas
38(1)
Summary: Traits of Early Cities
39(2)
Crete and Greece
41(1)
Rome
41(2)
Decline: The Middle Ages
43(2)
Revival: Medieval and Renaissance Cities
45(2)
The Second Urban Revolution: The Rise of Modern Cities
47(3)
CASE STUDY: LONDON--THE HISTORY OF A WORLD CITY
50(8)
BEGINNINGS: 55 B.C.E.-1066 C.E.
50(2)
THE MEDIEVAL CITY: 1066-1550
52(1)
THE WORLD CITY EMERGES: 1550-1800
52(1)
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND COLONIZATION: 1800-1900
53(2)
THE MODERN ERA: 1900 TO THE PRESENT
55(3)
Summary
58(1)
Conclusion
59(1)
CHAPTER 3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AMERICAN CITIES
60(43)
The Colonial Era: 1600-1800
61(4)
Beginnings
62(1)
The Character of the Early Cities
63(1)
The Revolutionary War Era
64(1)
Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870
65(6)
Cities as Big Business
66(1)
The Beginnings of Industrialization
66(1)
Urban-Rural/North-South Tensions
67(4)
The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950
71(5)
Technological Advance
71(1)
The Great Migration
72(1)
Politics and Problems
72(1)
The Quality of Life in the New Metropolis
73(2)
Trends Through 1950
75(1)
The North American City Today: 1950 to the Present
76(9)
The Coming of the Postindustrial City
85(5)
Deterioration and Regeneration
86(2)
The Future
88(1)
The Human Cost of Economic Restructuring
89(1)
CASE STUDY: NEW YORK--THE "BIG APPLE"
90(11)
THE COLONIAL ERA
92(1)
GROWTH AND EXPANSION
93(1)
THE GREAT METROPOLIS EMERGES
93(3)
NEW YORK TODAY
96(5)
Summary
101(1)
Conclusion
102(1)
PART III DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES103(110)
CHAPTER 4 URBAN SOCIOLOGY: THE CLASSIC STATEMENTS
103(29)
The European Tradition: 1846-1921
104(12)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
From Barbarism to Civilization
104(1)
Ferdinand Tonnies
From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft
105(4)
Emile Durkheim
Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
109(1)
Georg Simmel
The Mental Life of the Metropolis
110(3)
Max Weber
The Historical and Comparative Study of Cities
113(2)
The European Tradition: An Evaluation
115(1)
Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1938
116(7)
Robert Park and Sociology at the University of Chicago
116(3)
Louis Wirth and Urban Theory
119(2)
The U.S. Tradition: An Evaluation
121(2)
The Classic Theories and Modern Research: Myths and Realities
123(7)
Tolerance in the City
124(1)
Impersonality in the City
124(2)
Density and Urban Pathology
126(3)
Urban Malaise
129(1)
The New Urban Sociology
129(1)
Summary
130(1)
Conclusion
131(1)
CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: THE URBAN EXPERIENCE
132(28)
The Physical Environment
133(6)
Kevin Lynch
The Image of the City
133(3)
Stanley Milgram
More on Mental Maps
136(3)
The Social Environment: Gesellschaft
139(10)
The Pedestrian: Watching Your Step
139(2)
A World of Strangers
141(4)
Class, Race, and the Urban Experience
145(1)
The City as Gesellschaft: A Reassessment
145(4)
The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft
149(7)
Urban Networks
149(4)
Identifying with the City
153(1)
The City as Gemeinschaft: A Reassessment
154(2)
The Texture of the City
156(1)
Humanizing the City
156(3)
Summary
159(1)
Conclusion
159(1)
CHAPTER 6 GEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY: MAKING SENSE OF SPACE
160(3)
Urban Geography
161(4)
The Location of Cities
162(2)
Why Cities Are Where They Are
164(1)
The Shape of the City
165(6)
The Radiocentric City
167(1)
The Gridiron City
168(1)
City Growth: Horizontal, Vertical, and Interstitial
168(3)
City Shape and Quality of Life
171(1)
Urban Ecology: The Chicago School
171(5)
The Ecological Theory of Urban Development
172(1)
The Concentric Zone Hypothesis
172(4)
Criticisms of the Chicago School
176(1)
Urban Ecology: Other Theories
176(8)
The Sector Theory
176(1)
The Multiple Nuclei Theory
177(1)
Social Area Analysis
178(1)
Factorial Ecology
179(5)
Edge Cities: The Latest Growth Pattern
184(5)
Characteristics and Commonalities
184(1)
Types of Edge Cities
185(1)
Evolving Middle-Class Urban Centers
185(4)
Summary
189(1)
Conclusion
190(1)
CHAPTER 7 STRUCTURAL IMPERATIVES: URBAN POLITICAL ECONOMY
191(22)
Urban Economics: The Traditional Perspective
192(6)
Central Place Theory
192(3)
The General Pattern of Land Use
195(1)
Criticisms of the Basic Theory
196(2)
Political Economy: The "New" Perspective
198(7)
Henri Lefebvre
Redefining the Study of Cities
198(1)
David Harvey
The Baltimore Study
199(2)
Manuel Castells
Updating Marx
201(1)
Allen Scott
Business Location and the Global Economy
202(2)
John Logan
Harvey Molotch
Urban Growth Machines
204(1)
The Global Economy
205(4)
Economic Restructuring
205(1)
A World System
206(3)
Urban Political Economy: Four Principles
209(1)
Summary
210(1)
Conclusion
211(2)
PART IV THE ANATOMY OF THE CITY213(81)
CHAPTER 8 SOCIAL CLASS: URBAN AND SUBURBAN LIFESTYLES
213(26)
Urban Diversity: Multiple Views
214(10)
Louis Wirth
Urbanism As a Way of Life
214(1)
Herbert Gans
Urbanism As Many Ways of Life
215(8)
Wirth
Gans
A Comparison
223(1)
Claude Fischer
A Subcultural Theory of Urbanism
224(1)
Life Beyond the City Limits: A Brief History of Suburbs
224(5)
Suburbs and the Gilded Age
225(1)
Streetcar Suburbs
226(1)
The Arrival of the Automobile
226(1)
The Postwar Era: 1945-1970
227(1)
1970 to the Present
227(2)
Suburban Lifestyles
229(8)
The Aristocratic Life
229(1)
The New Suburbia
229(1)
Contemporary Suburbia: Complexity and Diversity
230(4)
The Exurbs
234(1)
Urban Culture and the Suburbs
234(3)
Summary
237(1)
Conclusion
238(1)
CHAPTER 9 RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENDER: URBAN DIVERSITY
239(27)
Cities and Immigrants
240(2)
Ethnic Enclaves and Ethnic Identity
240(1)
Ethnic Change
241(1)
Racial and Ethnic Minorities
242(12)
African Americans
242(3)
Hispanic Americans
245(4)
Asian Americans
249(5)
Native Americans
254(1)
Women and the City
254(2)
Work
254(1)
Urban Space
255(1)
The Public Sphere
256(1)
CASE STUDY: CHICAGO, "CITY OF THE BIG SHOULDERS"
256(8)
EARLY CHICAGO
257(1)
THE BURNING AND REBUILDING OF CHICAGO
258(1)
JANE ADDAMS AND HULL HOUSE
258(2)
CHICAGO IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
260(1)
THE POSTWAR PERIOD
260(3)
CHICAGO IN THE 1990S
263(1)
Summary
264(1)
Conclusion
265(1)
CHAPTER 10 HOUSING AND CRIME: CONFRONTING URBAN PROBLEMS
266(28)
Housing: A Place to Live
267(17)
Adequate Housing: Who Has It?
267(1)
Housing Problems: A Brief History
268(2)
Public Housing
270(3)
Deterioration and Abandonment in the Inner City
273(1)
The Inner City Today: A Revival?
274(6)
The New Urbanism
280(4)
Crime: Perception and Reality
284(8)
A Declining Crime Rate
285(2)
Explaining High-Crime Areas
287(3)
Effects of Crime on Everyday Life
290(1)
What Is the Solution?
291(1)
Summary
292(1)
Conclusion
293(1)
PART V GLOBAL URBANIZATION294(81)
CHAPTER 11 LATIN AMERICAN CITIES
294(24)
Latin American Cities in History
295(9)
Pre-Columbian Cities
295(3)
Conquest and Colonization
298(4)
The Republican Period
302(2)
Modern Latin American Cities
304(6)
Spiraling Populations
304(1)
The Burgeoning Cities
305(1)
Los Villas Miserias: City Slums and Squatter Settlements
305(5)
CASE STUDY: LA PAZ, BOLIVIA
310(6)
HISTORY
311(1)
ETHNICITY AND LAND USE
311(1)
THE PEOPLE: THREE FAMILIES
312(4)
Summary
316(1)
Conclusion
317(1)
CHAPTER 12 AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN CITIES
318(27)
Africa
319(11)
African Cities in History
319(2)
Colonization
321(9)
CASE STUDY: KANO, NIGERIA
330(5)
PRECOLONIAL HISTORY
330(2)
BRITISH RULE
332(2)
INDEPENDENCE: MODERN KANO
334(1)
The Middle East
335(8)
Pre-Islamic Urbanization
337(2)
Islamic Urbanization
339(3)
Nineteenth-and Twentieth-Century Urbanization
342(1)
Summary
343(1)
Conclusion
344(1)
CHAPTER 13 ASIAN CITIES
345(30)
India
346(7)
European Colonization
346(3)
Independence and Urban Growth
349(4)
China
353(6)
Foreign Influence
353(1)
Communist Anti-Urbanism
353(3)
Communist Redirection
356(1)
Hong Kong
357(2)
Southeast Asia: Familiar Themes
359(6)
Singapore
359(1)
Jakarta
360(3)
Bangkok
363(1)
Comparative Review
364(1)
Japan
365(3)
History
365(1)
Postwar Modernization
366(2)
Summary: World Urbanization in Perspective
368(6)
Common Elements
368(2)
The Future: Theories and Possible Solutions
370(4)
Conclusion
374(1)
PART VI THE PLANNING AND EVALUATION OF CITIES375(29)
CHAPTER 14 PLANNING THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
375(29)
Visions
376(1)
City Planning in World History
377(4)
Why Plan?
377(3)
Planning in the Industrial Era: 1800-1900
380(1)
The "City Beautiful" Movement
380(1)
"Till We Have Built Jerusalem": The New Towns Movement
381(6)
A Socialist-Feminist New Town
381(1)
Later New Towns in Great Britain
381(1)
New Towns in Western Europe, Australia, and Brazil
382(2)
New Towns in the United States
384(3)
Have They Worked? Criticisms of New Towns
387(1)
Utopia Unlimited: Architectural Visions
387(4)
Le Corbusier
The Radiant City
388(1)
Frank Lloyd Wright
Broadacre City
389(1)
Paolo Soleri
The Arcology
390(1)
Utopia's Limitations: A Critique
391(1)
Meanwhile...Downtown: More Focused Urban Planning
391(5)
Sidewalks, Neighborhoods, and Local Initiative
392(1)
Open Spaces: Squares, Parks, and Architecture
392(3)
Rouse Revisited: The Middle Ground
395(1)
The Realities of Urban Planning
396(1)
Economics and Politics
396(1)
The Difference That Values Make
396(1)
CASE STUDY: PORTLAND, OREGON
397(5)
THE PHYSICAL SETTING
398(1)
HISTORY
399(1)
URBAN DECLINE AND THE PLANNERS' RESPONSE
400(2)
PORTLAND TODAY
402(1)
Conclusion
402(2)
REFERENCES404(13)
PHOTO CREDITS417(2)
INDEX419

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