Chemistry For Changing Times
ISBN: 9780132280846 | 0132280841
Edition: 12thFormat: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2010
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This popular book is a useful and interesting read for the layperson, as it is colorful, conversational in tone, and easily understandable. Knowledge of chemistry leads to better understanding about the hazards and benefits of this world, enabling better personal decision-making. Explores the concept of green chemistry throughout. Extensively revises key subject areas such as Energy, Fitness and Health, and Drugs. Features new color photographs and diagrams throughout to help readers visualize chemical phenomena. Personalizes chemistry for toda... MORE
| Preface | p. xvi |
| To the Student | p. xxiv |
| Highlights of the Eleventh Edition | p. xxvi |
| Student Media Resources | p. xxx |
| Instructor Media Resources | p. xxxi |
| Chemistry: A Science for All Seasons | p. 1 |
| Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge | p. 2 |
| The Baconian Dream and the Carsonian Nightmare | p. 3 |
| Science: Testable, Reproducible, Explanato... MORE | p. 3 |
| The Limitations of Science | p. 5 |
| Science and Technology: Risks and Benefits | p. 6 |
| Chemistry: Its Central Role | p. 8 |
| Solving Society's Problems: Scientific Research | p. 9 |
| Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes | p. 11 |
| Classification of Matter | p. 14 |
| The Measurement of Matter | p. 16 |
| Density | p. 21 |
| Energy: Heat and Temperature | p. 24 |
| Critical Thinking | p. 26 |
| Summary | p. 29 |
| Review Questions | p. 30 |
| Problems | p. 30 |
| Additional Problems | p. 32 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 33 |
| References and Readings | p. 33 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 34 |
| Atoms: Are They for Real? | p. 36 |
| Atoms: The Greek Idea | p. 37 |
| Lavoisier: The Law of Conservation of Mass | p. 38 |
| Proust: The Law of Definite Proportions | p. 39 |
| John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter | p. 41 |
| Out of Chaos: The Periodic Table | p. 44 |
| Atoms: Real and Relevant | p. 46 |
| Leucippus Revisited: Molecules | p. 46 |
| Summary | p. 48 |
| Review Questions | p. 48 |
| Problems | p. 49 |
| Additional Problems | p. 51 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 52 |
| References and Readings | p. 53 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 54 |
| Atomic Structure: Images of the Invisible | p. 56 |
| Electricity and the Atom | p. 57 |
| Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity | p. 60 |
| Three Types of Radioactivity | p. 61 |
| Rutherford's Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom | p. 62 |
| The Atomic Nucleus | p. 63 |
| Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model | p. 66 |
| Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model | p. 70 |
| Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table | p. 73 |
| Which Model to Choose? | p. 75 |
| Summary | p. 76 |
| Review Questions | p. 77 |
| Problems | p. 78 |
| Additional Problems | p. 79 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 80 |
| References and Readings | p. 80 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 81 |
| Nuclear Chemistry: The Heart of Matter | p. 84 |
| Natural Radioactivity | p. 86 |
| Nuclear Equations | p. 87 |
| Half-Life | p. 92 |
| Radioisotopic Dating | p. 93 |
| Artificial Transmutation | p. 95 |
| Uses of Radioisotopes | p. 96 |
| Nuclear Medicine | p. 97 |
| Penetrating Power of Radiation | p. 100 |
| Energy from the Nucleus | p. 101 |
| The Building of the Bomb | p. 103 |
| Radioactive Fallout | p. 106 |
| Nuclear Power Plants | p. 107 |
| Thermonuclear Reactions | p. 107 |
| The Nuclear Age | p. 108 |
| Summary | p. 110 |
| Review Questions | p. 111 |
| Problems | p. 112 |
| Additional Problems | p. 113 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 114 |
| References and Readings | p. 115 |
| Chemical Bonds: The Ties That Bind | p. 116 |
| The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations | p. 118 |
| Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols | p. 119 |
| Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: Facts | p. 119 |
| Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: The Theory | p. 120 |
| Using Lewis Symbols: More Ionic Compounds | p. 121 |
| Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds | p. 124 |
| Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs | p. 126 |
| Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds | p. 127 |
| Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane | p. 130 |
| Polyatomic Ions | p. 131 |
| Rules for Writing Lewis Formulas | p. 132 |
| Odd-Electron Molecules: Free Radicals | p. 135 |
| Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory | p. 136 |
| Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules | p. 139 |
| Intermolecular Forces and the States of Matter | p. 140 |
| A Chemical Vocabulary | p. 144 |
| Summary | p. 145 |
| Review Questions | p. 147 |
| Problems | p. 147 |
| Additional Problems | p. 150 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 151 |
| References and Readings | p. 151 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 152 |
| Chemical Accounting: Mass and Volume Relationships | p. 154 |
| Chemical Sentences: Equations | p. 155 |
| Volume Relationships in Chemical Equations | p. 158 |
| Avogadro's Number: 6.02 x 10[superscript 23] | p. 160 |
| The Mole: "A Dozen Eggs and a Mole of Sugar, Please" | p. 160 |
| Mole and Mass Relationships in Chemical Equations | p. 165 |
| The Gas Laws | p. 169 |
| Solutions | p. 175 |
| Summary | p. 180 |
| Review Questions | p. 181 |
| Problems | p. 182 |
| Additional Problems | p. 185 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 187 |
| References and Readings | p. 187 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 188 |
| Acids and Bases: Please Pass the Protons | p. 190 |
| Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions | p. 191 |
| Acids, Bases, and Salts | p. 193 |
| Acidic and Basic Anhydrides | p. 196 |
| Strong and Weak Acids and Bases | p. 197 |
| Neutralization | p. 198 |
| The pH Scale | p. 199 |
| Acid Rain | p. 202 |
| Antacids: A Basic Remedy | p. 202 |
| Acids and Bases in Industry and in Us | p. 203 |
| Summary | p. 204 |
| Review Questions | p. 206 |
| Problems | p. 206 |
| Additional Problems | p. 208 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 209 |
| References and Readings | p. 209 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 210 |
| Oxidation and Reduction: Burn and Unburn | p. 212 |
| Oxidation and Reduction: Three Views | p. 214 |
| Oxidizing and Reducing Agents | p. 217 |
| Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries | p. 218 |
| Corrosion | p. 222 |
| Explosive Reactions | p. 223 |
| Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent | p. 223 |
| Other Common Oxidizing Agents | p. 225 |
| Some Reducing Agents of Interest | p. 226 |
| A Closer Look at Hydrogen | p. 228 |
| Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things | p. 230 |
| Summary | p. 231 |
| Review Questions | p. 232 |
| Problems | p. 233 |
| Additional Problems | p. 234 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 235 |
| References and Readings | p. 235 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 236 |
| Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds | p. 238 |
| The Unique Carbon Atom | p. 239 |
| Alkanes | p. 240 |
| Cyclic Hydrocarbons: Rings and Things | p. 244 |
| Unsaturated and Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes | p. 245 |
| Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene and Relatives | p. 247 |
| Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards | p. 248 |
| The Functional Group | p. 249 |
| The Alcohol Family | p. 251 |
| Phenols | p. 254 |
| Ethers | p. 254 |
| Aldehydes and Ketones | p. 256 |
| Carboxylic Acids | p. 258 |
| Esters: The Sweet Smell of RCOOR' | p. 259 |
| Amines and Amides | p. 261 |
| Heterocyclic Compounds: Alkaloids and Others | p. 263 |
| Summary | p. 264 |
| Review Questions | p. 266 |
| Problems | p. 266 |
| Additional Problems | p. 268 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 269 |
| References and Readings | p. 269 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 270 |
| Polymers: Giants Among Molecules | p. 272 |
| Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones | p. 273 |
| Natural Polymers | p. 273 |
| Celluloid: Billiard Balls and Collars | p. 274 |
| Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags | p. 274 |
| Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + ... Gives ONE! | p. 277 |
| Rubber and Other Elastomers | p. 281 |
| Condensation Polymers: Splitting Out Water | p. 283 |
| Properties of Polymers | p. 288 |
| Disposal of Plastics | p. 289 |
| Plastics and Fire Hazards | p. 290 |
| Plasticizers and Pollution | p. 290 |
| Plastics and the Future | p. 291 |
| Summary | p. 293 |
| Review Questions | p. 294 |
| Problems | p. 294 |
| Additional Problems | p. 295 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 296 |
| References and Readings | p. 297 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 298 |
| Chemistry of Earth: Metals and Minerals | p. 300 |
| Spaceship Earth: The Materials Manifest | p. 301 |
| The Lithosphere: Organic and Inorganic | p. 302 |
| Meeting Our Needs: From Sticks to Bricks | p. 303 |
| Silicates and the Shapes of Things | p. 304 |
| Modified Silicates: Ceramics, Glass, and Cement | p. 306 |
| Metals and Ores | p. 308 |
| Running Out of Everything: Earth's Dwindling Resources | p. 311 |
| Land Pollution: Solid Wastes | p. 312 |
| The Three R's of Garbage: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle | p. 313 |
| How Crowded Is Our Spaceship? | p. 315 |
| Summary | p. 316 |
| Review Questions | p. 316 |
| Problems | p. 317 |
| Additional Problems | p. 318 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 319 |
| References and Readings | p. 319 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 320 |
| Air: The Breath of Life | p. 322 |
| Earth's Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition | p. 323 |
| Chemistry of the Atmosphere | p. 324 |
| Temperature Inversion | p. 326 |
| Natural Pollution | p. 326 |
| The Air Our Ancestors Breathed | p. 327 |
| Pollution Goes Global | p. 327 |
| Coal + Fire to Industrial Smog | p. 328 |
| Automobile Emissions | p. 331 |
| Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines | p. 333 |
| Acid Rain: Air Pollution to Water Pollution | p. 335 |
| The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution | p. 336 |
| Ozone: The Double-Edged Sword | p. 338 |
| Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect | p. 342 |
| The Ultimate Pollutant: Heat | p. 345 |
| Who Pollutes? How Much? | p. 345 |
| Paying the Price | p. 347 |
| Summary | p. 348 |
| Review Questions | p. 349 |
| Problems | p. 349 |
| Additional Problems | p. 350 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 351 |
| References and Readings | p. 351 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 352 |
| Water: Rivers of Life; Seas of Sorrows | p. 354 |
| Water: Some Unique Properties | p. 355 |
| Water, Water, Everywhere | p. 358 |
| The Water Cycle and Natural Contaminants | p. 358 |
| Chemical and Biological Contamination | p. 360 |
| An Example of Industrial Pollution: Building a Car | p. 362 |
| Groundwater Contamination to Tainted Tap Water | p. 364 |
| Making Water Fit to Drink | p. 365 |
| Water Treatment Plants | p. 368 |
| From Wastewater to Drinking Water | p. 370 |
| The Newest Soft Drink: Bottled Water | p. 371 |
| Alternative Sewage Treatment Systems | p. 372 |
| We're the Solution to Water Pollution | p. 372 |
| Summary | p. 373 |
| Review Questions | p. 374 |
| Problems | p. 374 |
| Additional Problems | p. 375 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 376 |
| References and Readings | p. 377 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 378 |
| Energy: A Fuels Paradise | p. 380 |
| Heavenly Sunlight Flooding Earth with Energy | p. 381 |
| Energy and Chemical Reactions | p. 384 |
| Energy and the First Law: Energy Is Conserved | p. 387 |
| Energy and the Second Law: Things Are Going to Get Worse | p. 387 |
| People Power: Early Uses of Energy | p. 389 |
| Reserves and Consumption Rates of Fossil Fuels | p. 390 |
| Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages | p. 391 |
| Natural Gas: Mostly Methane | p. 394 |
| Petroleum: Liquid Hydrocarbons | p. 394 |
| Convenient Energy: Electricity | p. 399 |
| Nuclear Fission | p. 401 |
| Nuclear Fusion: The Sun in a Magnetic Bottle | p. 405 |
| Harnessing the Sun: Solar Energy | p. 406 |
| Biomass: Photosynthesis for Fuel | p. 408 |
| Hydrogen: Light and Powerful | p. 409 |
| Other Renewable Energy Sources | p. 411 |
| Energy: How Much Is Too Much? | p. 413 |
| Summary | p. 414 |
| Review Questions | p. 415 |
| Problems | p. 416 |
| Additional Problems | p. 418 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 419 |
| References and Readings | p. 419 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 420 |
| Biochemistry: A Molecular View of Life | p. 422 |
| The Cell | p. 423 |
| Energy in Biological Systems | p. 424 |
| Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy | p. 425 |
| Fats and Other Lipids | p. 428 |
| Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids | p. 431 |
| The Peptide Bond: Peptides and Proteins | p. 432 |
| Structure of Proteins | p. 434 |
| Enzymes: Exquisite Precision Machines | p. 438 |
| Nucleic Acids: Parts and Structure | p. 440 |
| DNA: Self-Replication | p. 444 |
| RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code | p. 445 |
| The Human Genome | p. 447 |
| Summary | p. 450 |
| Review Questions | p. 451 |
| Problems | p. 452 |
| Additional Problems | p. 454 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 455 |
| References and Readings | p. 455 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 456 |
| Food: Molecular Gastronomy | p. 458 |
| Carbohydrates in the Diet | p. 460 |
| Fats and Cholesterol | p. 461 |
| Proteins: Muscle and Much More | p. 466 |
| Minerals: Important Inorganic Chemicals and Life | p. 468 |
| The Vitamins: Vital, But Not All Are Amines | p. 469 |
| Other Essentials: Fiber and Water | p. 471 |
| Starvation and Fasting | p. 472 |
| Additives to Enhance Our Food | p. 473 |
| Poisons in Our Food | p. 481 |
| A World Without Food Additives | p. 483 |
| Green Plants: Sun-Powered Food-Making Machines | p. 483 |
| Farming with Chemicals: Fertilizers | p. 485 |
| The War Against Pests | p. 490 |
| Biological Insect Controls | p. 494 |
| Herbicides and Defoliants | p. 497 |
| Sustainable Agriculture | p. 498 |
| Some Malthusian Mathematics | p. 500 |
| Can We Feed a Hungry World? | p. 502 |
| Summary | p. 503 |
| Review Questions | p. 504 |
| Problems | p. 505 |
| Additional Problems | p. 507 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 508 |
| References and Readings | p. 508 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 510 |
| Household Chemicals: Helps and Hazards | p. 512 |
| A History of Cleaning | p. 513 |
| Fat + Lye to Soap | p. 514 |
| Synthetic Detergents | p. 518 |
| Laundry Detergent Formulations | p. 519 |
| Dishwashing Detergents | p. 523 |
| Fabric Softeners: Quaternary Ammonium Salts | p. 524 |
| Laundry Bleaches: Whiter Whites | p. 524 |
| All-Purpose Cleaning Products | p. 525 |
| Special-Purpose Cleaners | p. 525 |
| Organic Solvents in the Home | p. 526 |
| Paints | p. 527 |
| Waxes | p. 528 |
| Cosmetics: Personal Care Chemicals | p. 528 |
| Toothpaste: Soap with Grit and Flavor | p. 532 |
| Perfumes, Colognes, and Aftershaves | p. 533 |
| Some Hairy Chemistry | p. 535 |
| The Well-Informed Consumer | p. 539 |
| Summary | p. 540 |
| Review Questions | p. 541 |
| Problems | p. 542 |
| Additional Problems | p. 543 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 544 |
| References and Readings | p. 545 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 546 |
| Fitness and Health: Some Chemical Connections | p. 548 |
| Calories: Quantity and Quality | p. 549 |
| Vitamins and Minerals | p. 551 |
| Body Fluids and Electrolytes | p. 554 |
| Weight-Loss Diets | p. 555 |
| Exercise for Weight Loss | p. 557 |
| Measuring Fitness | p. 559 |
| Some Chemistry of Muscles | p. 561 |
| Drugs and the Athlete | p. 564 |
| Exercise and the Brain | p. 565 |
| No Smoking | p. 566 |
| Summary | p. 569 |
| Review Questions | p. 570 |
| Problems | p. 570 |
| Additional Problems | p. 571 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 572 |
| References and Readings | p. 573 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 574 |
| Drugs: Chemical Cures, Comforts, and Cautions | p. 576 |
| Scientific Drug Design | p. 578 |
| Pain Relievers: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) | p. 578 |
| Chemistry, Allergies, and the Common Cold | p. 581 |
| Antibacterial Drugs | p. 583 |
| Viruses and Antiviral Drugs | p. 587 |
| Chemicals Against Cancer | p. 589 |
| Hormones: The Regulators | p. 592 |
| Chemistry and Social Revolution: The Pill | p. 596 |
| Drugs for the Heart | p. 599 |
| Drugs and the Mind | p. 601 |
| Some Chemistry of the Nervous System | p. 601 |
| Brain Amines: Depression and Mania | p. 602 |
| Anesthetics | p. 605 |
| Depressant Drugs | p. 608 |
| Narcotics | p. 610 |
| Antianxiety Agents | p. 613 |
| Stimulant Drugs | p. 616 |
| Psychedelic Drugs | p. 618 |
| Drug Problems | p. 620 |
| The Placebo Effect | p. 621 |
| New Uses for Old Drugs | p. 621 |
| Summary | p. 622 |
| Review Questions | p. 623 |
| Problems | p. 624 |
| Additional Problems | p. 625 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 625 |
| References and Readings | p. 627 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 628 |
| Poisons: Chemical Toxicology | p. 630 |
| Natural Poisons | p. 631 |
| Corrosive Poisons: A Closer Look | p. 633 |
| Poisons Affecting Oxygen Transport and Oxidative Processes | p. 634 |
| Make Your Own Poison: Fluoroacetic Acid | p. 635 |
| Heavy Metal Poisons | p. 635 |
| More Chemistry of the Nervous System | p. 638 |
| The Lethal Dose | p. 640 |
| The Liver as a Detox Facility | p. 642 |
| Chemical Carcinogens: Slow Poisons | p. 643 |
| Three Ways to Test for Carcinogens | p. 645 |
| Birth Defects: Teratogens | p. 646 |
| Hazardous Wastes | p. 647 |
| What Price Poisons? | p. 649 |
| Summary | p. 650 |
| Review Questions | p. 651 |
| Problems | p. 651 |
| Additional Problems | p. 652 |
| Collaborative Group Projects | p. 653 |
| References and Readings | p. 653 |
| Green Chemistry | p. 654 |
| Review of Measurement and Mathematics | p. A-1 |
| Glossary | p. A-16 |
| Answers | p. A-25 |
| Photo Credits | PC-1 |
| Index | p. I-1 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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