Rent 9780534562502 | The Challenge of Effective Speaking

Summary Table of Contents

Wadsworth's best selling Public Speaking text, the Verderbers' CHALLENGE OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING, features a skills-oriented, mainstream approach that has effectively led hundreds of thousands of students through the challenges they face as they develop and deliver speeches. The speech making process is presented in a six-step framework based on classical and contemporary theory. The straightforward writing style and effective use of examples enables students to understand and effectively perform key speech making activities. The six-step framework emphasizes topic selection, audience analysis and adaptation, effective research (including appropriate use of Internet resources), organization (with emphasis on outlining), language and delivery. The six action steps are introduced in generic form and then later adapted to follow principles of informative and persuasive speaking.

Part One Orientation

Introduction to Public Speaking

(15)

Public Speaking Is Empowerment

(1)

... MORE

Public Speaking Is Audience Centered

(5)

The Speaker

(1)

The Speech

(1)

The Channel

(1)

The Audience

(1)

The Context

(2)

Noise

(1)

Feedback

(1)

Model of Public Speaking as Communication

(1)

Public Speaking Challenges Speakers to Consider Audience Diversity

(2)

Public Speaking Develops Critical Thinking

(1)

Public Speaking Carries Ethical Responsibilities

(2)

Public Speaking Is a Learned Activity

(1)

Summary

(2)

Preparing Your First Speech and Coping with Nervousness

(18)

An Effective Speech Plan

(8)

Goal

(1)

Speech Material

(1)

Organization

(2)

Audience Adaptation

(1)

Visual Aids

(1)

Language

(1)

Delivery

(3)

Coping with Nervousness

(5)

Specific Behaviors

(3)

Persistent Nervousness

(1)

Summary

(3)

Listening Critically

(14)

Attending to the Speech

(2)

Understanding and Retaining Speech Information

(4)

Analyzing Speeches and Determining Their Effectiveness

(4)

Bases of Evaluation

(1)

Specific Criteria for Evaluating Speeches

(1)

The Importance of Feedback

(2)

Summary

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

(1)

Part Two Principles

Selecting a Topic, Analyzing the Audience and Setting, and Determining Your Speech Goal

(20)

Selecting a Topic from a Subject Area

(3)

Identifying Subjects

(1)

Brainstorming for Topics

(2)

Analyzing the Audience

(7)

Kinds of Audience Data Needed

(1)

Ways of Gathering Audience Data

(1)

Using Data to Predict Audience Reactions

(2)

Surveying Students to Test Predictions

(3)

Considering the Setting

(2)

Writing the Speech Goal

(3)

General Goal

(1)

Specific Goal

(2)

Anticipating a Thesis Statement

(1)

Summary

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

(1)

Researching Your Speech in the Information Age

(28)

Where to Look: Traditional and Electronic Sources of Information

(15)

Personal Knowledge, Experience, and Observation

(1)

Research

(7)

The Internet

(3)

Interviews

(3)

What Information to Look For

(6)

Factual Statements

(1)

Expert Opinions

(1)

Verbal Forms of Information

(5)

Recording Data and Citing Written and Electronic Sources

(3)

Recording Data

(2)

Citing Sources in Speeches

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

(1)

Summary

(1)

Organizing and Outlining the Speech Body

(22)

Writing a Thesis Statement

(1)

Outlining Main Points

100

(4)

Write Main Points as Complete Sentences

100

(2)

Revise Main Points

102

(2)

Determining the Best Order

104

(5)

Topic Order

105

(1)

Time Order

105

(1)

Space Order

106

(1)

Logical Reasons Order

107

(1)

Other Choices

107

(2)

Selecting and Outlining Supporting Material

109

(3)

List Supporting Material

109

(1)

Organize Supporting Material

109

(3)

Outlining Section Transitions

112

(1)

Listing Sources

113

(3)

Written Sources

113

(1)

Electronic Databases

114

(1)

Experience and Observation

115

(1)

Interviews

115

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

116

(1)

Summary

116

(2)

Organizing and Outlining Introductions and Conclusions

118

(18)

Outlining the Introduction

120

(6)

Goals of the Introduction

120

(2)

Types of Introduction

122

(3)

Selecting an Introduction

125

(1)

Outlining the Conclusion

126

(3)

Goals of the Conclusion

127

(1)

Types of Conclusions

127

(1)

Selecting a Conclusion

128

(1)

Writing a Title

129

(1)

Completing the Outline

130

(1)

Readying Notes for Practice

131

(4)

Reflect on Ethics

135

(1)

Summary

135

(1)

Adapting to Audiences

136

(18)

Developing Common Ground

138

(3)

Use Personal Pronouns

138

(1)

Ask Rhetorical Questions

139

(1)

Share Common Experiences

139

(1)

Personalize Information

139

(2)

Creating and Maintaining Audience Interest

141

(1)

Timeliness

141

(1)

Proximity

141

(1)

Seriousness

141

(1)

Adapting to Audience Level of Understanding

142

(3)

Orienting Listeners

142

(1)

Presenting New Information

143

(2)

Building a Positive Audience Attitude toward You as the Speaker

145

(2)

Knowledge and Expertise

145

(1)

Trustworthiness

145

(2)

Personality

147

(1)

Adapting to Audience Attitude toward Your Speech Goal

147

(1)

Forming a Plan of Audience Adaptation

148

(4)

Specifics of the Speech Plan

148

(1)

Examples of Speech Plans

148

(4)

Special Problems of Speakers from Different Cultuers

152

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

152

(1)

Summary

153

(1)

Visual Aids: From Models to Computer Graphics

154

(22)

Types of Visual Aids

156

(10)

Yourself

157

(1)

Objects

157

(1)

Models

157

(1)

Charts

157

(2)

Flipcharts

159

(1)

Graphs

159

(1)

Pictorial Representations

160

(2)

Projections

162

(2)

Chalkboard or Markerboard

164

(1)

Handouts

165

(1)

Computer Graphics

165

(1)

Making Choices

166

(1)

Designing Visual Aids

167

(6)

Using Visual Aids in Your Speech

173

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

174

(1)

Summary

175

(1)

Practicing Speech Wording

176

(24)

Developing an Oral Style to Communicate Meaning

178

(1)

Language and Meaning

179

(2)

The Denotative and Connotative Meaning of Words

180

(1)

Variations in Meaning across Subgroups

180

(1)

Speaking Clearly

181

(7)

Use Specific, Concrete, Precise, Simple Words

181

(3)

Eliminate Clutter

184

(1)

Develop Your Ability to Speak more Clearly

185

(1)

Be Sensitive to Cultural Differences

186

(2)

Speaking Vividly

188

(2)

Using Similes

190

(1)

Using Metaphors

190

(1)

Speaking Emphatically

190

(4)

Emphasize through Placement and Sequencing

191

(1)

Emphasize through Repetition or Restatement

191

(1)

Emphsize through Transition

192

(2)

Speaking Appropriately

194

(3)

Formal versus Informal Language

194

(1)

Freedom from Jargon and Unnecessary Technical Expressions

194

(1)

Sensitivity in Language Use

195

(2)

Reflect on Ethics

197

(1)

Summary

198

(2)

Practicing Delivery

200

(24)

Physical Elements of Delivery

202

(7)

Voice

202

(3)

Articulation

205

(2)

Bodily Action

207

(2)

Achieving a Conversational Quality

209

(4)

Enthusiasm

209

(1)

Vocal Expressiveness

209

(1)

Spontaneity

210

(1)

Fluency

211

(1)

Eye Contact

212

(1)

Rehearsal

213

(5)

Timetable for Preparation and Practice

213

(1)

Using Notes during Your Speech

214

(2)

Rehearsal Sessions

216

(2)

Criteria for Evaluating Speeches

218

(1)

Summary

218

(2)

Sample Speech: Ridding the Body of Toxins

220

(3)

Reflect on Ethics

223

(1)

Part Three Informative and Persuasive Speaking

Principles and Practices of Informative Speaking

224

(30)

Principles of Informing

226

(7)

Credibility

226

(1)

Intellectual Stimulation

226

(2)

Creativity

228

(2)

Relevance

230

(1)

Emphasis

231

(2)

Methods of Informing

233

(2)

Exposition

234

(1)

Sample Speech: Improving Grades

235

(7)

Process Explanation or Demonstration

239

(3)

Sample Speech: Process of Producing a Nightly Edition of ESPN's Sports Center

242

(7)

Definition

246

(3)

Sample Speech: Impressionistic Painting

249

(3)

Summary

252

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

253

(1)

Principles of Persuasive Speaking

254

(24)

Writing a Specific Goal That Meets Ethical Standards

256

(2)

Adapting to Audience Attitude

258

(4)

In Favor

260

(1)

No Opinion

261

(1)

Opposed

261

(1)

Giving Good Reasons and Evidence

262

(3)

Finding Reasons

263

(1)

Finding Evidence to Support Your Reasons

264

(1)

Organizing Reasons to Meet Audience Attitudes

265

(4)

Statement of Logical Reasons Pattern

266

(1)

Problem Solution Pattern

266

(1)

Comparative Advantages Pattern

267

(1)

Criteria Satisfaction Pattern

268

(1)

Motivational Pattern

268

(1)

Using Emotion to Motivete

269

(2)

Developing Your Credibility

271

(1)

Presenting the Speech Convincingly

272

(1)

Considering Gender and Cultural Differences

272

(1)

Sample Speech: Limiting Exposure to the Sun

273

(4)

Reflect on Ethics

277

(1)

Summary

277

(1)

Practicing Persuasive Speaking Skills

278

(34)

Reasoning with Audiences

280

(10)

Essentials of Reasoning

280

(2)

Types of Arguments

282

(8)

Sample Speech: Volunteering at a Soup Kitchen

290

(3)

Motivating Audiences

293

(6)

Incentive Theory: Cost/Reward Ratios

294

(1)

Basic Needs Theory

295

(4)

Sample Speech: Notes to Neighbours

299

(4)

Refuting Persuasive Claims

303

(4)

Outline What Your Opponent Says and Your Reaction

303

(1)

Plan Your Procedure

304

(1)

Organize and Present Your Refutation

305

(2)

Supporting and Refuting: Two Sides of a Debate

307

(1)

Speech in Favor of Prohibiting the Use of Lie Detector Tests

307

(2)

Speech of Refutation: Using Lie Detector Tests

309

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

310

(1)

Summary

311

(1)

Part Four Adapting to Other Occasions and Formats

Speaking at Special Occasions

312

(12)

Introductions

314

(1)

Procedure

314

(1)

Considerations

314

(1)

Presentations

315

(1)

Procedure

315

(1)

Considerations

316

(1)

Acceptances

316

(2)

Procedure

316

(2)

Considerations

318

(1)

Welcomings

318

(1)

Procedure

318

(1)

Considerations

318

(1)

Tributes

318

(1)

Procedure

318

(1)

Considerations

319

(1)

Other Ceremonial Occasions

319

(1)

Impromptu Speeches

320

(2)

Manuscript Speeches

322

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

323

(1)

Summary

323

(1)

Leading Problem-Solving Groups

324

(21)

Leadership in Problem-Solving Group Discussion

326

(4)

Leadership Defined

326

(1)

Leadership Traits

326

(1)

Leadership Styles

327

(2)

Leadership Preparation

329

(1)

Gender Differences in Leader Acceptability

329

(1)

Understanding Problem Solving

330

(2)

State the Goal of Discussion as a Question

331

(1)

Ask Questions That Analyze the Problem

331

(1)

Suggest Possible Solutions

331

(1)

Lay the Groundwork for Selecting the Best Solution

332

(1)

Task Responsiblities of the Leader

332

(4)

Plan the Agenda

332

(1)

Ask Appropriate Questions

333

(2)

Keep the Group on Track

335

(1)

Summarize Frequently

335

(1)

Maintenance Responsibilties of the Leader

336

(4)

Establish a Good Working Climate

336

(1)

Reward Members for Valuable Contributions

336

(1)

Give Everyone an Equal Opportunity to Speak

336

(2)

Deal with Cultural Diversity

338

(2)

When the Group Goes Public

340

(2)

Symposium

340

(1)

Panel Discussion

341

(1)

Presentation of Conclusions

342

(1)

Reflect on Ethics

342

(1)

Summary

342

(3)

Appendix: Sample Speeches

345

(12)

Service: Life Beyond Self

345

(4)

Careers in International Business: Five Ideas or Principles

349

(1)

Other Speeches

349

(8)

Notes

357

(6)

Glossary

363

(6)

Index

369

RENT TEXTBOOKS

The Challenge of Effective Speaking

Why Rent from Knetbooks?

Top 5 reasons to order all your textbooks from Knetbooks:

Related Products