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A+ Certification Exam Guide

by: Meyers, Michael

A+ Certification Exam Guide

by: Meyers, Michael

ISBN 13:
9780072122664
ISBN 10:
0072122668
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/01/1999
Publisher: Osborne McGraw-Hill
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Summary

A+ Certification Bestseller Rockets Your Career.

Acknowledgments

xxxv

Introduction

xxxvii

The Visible PC

(48)

CPU

(2)

RAM

(2)

Motherboard

(7)

Power Supply

(2)

Floppy Drive

(1)

Hard Drive

(6)

CD-ROM Drive

(1)

Connectors

(5)

Sound cards

(2)

Video

(1)

Network Cards

(1)

Keyboard

(1)

Mouse

(5)

Modem

(1)

Printer

(2)

Joystick

(1)

Jumpers and Switches

(6)

Documentation

(1)

Questions

(3)

Answers

(2)

Microprocessors

(76)

External Data Bus

(3)

Registers

(2)

Clock

(4)

Back to the External Data Bus

(1)

Running the Program

(1)

Memory

(3)

Memory Storage Options

(1)

RAM: Random-Access Memory

(2)

Address Bus

(5)

CPU Packages

(3)

The 8086 CPU Family

(1)

The 80286 CPU Family

(2)

Modes

(1)

Protected Mode

(1)

The 80386 CPU: the 386DX Family

(2)

Virtual Memory

(1)

Virtual 8086

(1)

The 80386SX CPU Family

(7)

Early Power-Saving Strategies (Em---) 386s and 486s

(6)

The 486 CPU Family

(15)

No New Modes!

(2)

Improved Instruction Set

(1)

Math Coprocessor

(1)

On-Board Cache

(5)

Clock Doubling

(3)

Upgrading 486 CPUs

(1)

Overdrive CPUs for 486s

(2)

Upgrading 386s: the Cyrix CX486DRx2/CX486SRx2

(1)

The Pentium CPU: The Early Years

100

(13)

Dual Pipeline

101

(1)

CPU Voltages

102

(4)

Pentium Clock Doubling

106

(1)

Early Pentium Competitors

107

(3)

Pentium Socket Types

110

(1)

Pentium Overdrive CPUs for 486 Systems

111

(1)

Pentium Overdrive CPUs for Pentium Systems

111

(1)

Quad Pipelining

112

(1)

Dynamic Processing

112

(1)

On-Chip L2 Cache

113

(1)

Later Pentiums

113

(8)

MMX

114

(2)

Split Voltage

116

(1)

Increased Clocks and Multipliers

117

(1)

Improved Processing

117

(1)

Pentium II

117

(1)

Inserting a CPU

118

(3)

Questions

121

(2)

Answers

123

(2)

Power Supplies

125

(20)

Motherboard Connections

127

(2)

Connections to Peripherals

129

(6)

Molex Connectors

130

(1)

Mini-Connectors

131

(1)

Submini Connectors

131

(3)

Splitters and Converters

134

(1)

Wattage

134

(1)

Sizes

135

(1)

When Power Supplies Die

135

(3)

Switches

138

(2)

When Power Supplies Die Hard

140

(1)

Danger!

141

(1)

Questions

141

(3)

Answers

144

(1)

RAM

145

(42)

DRAM

147

(12)

Organizing DRAM

147

(5)

A Historical Look

152

(3)

Multiple Rows

155

(2)

Parity

157

(2)

RAM Packaging, Part I

159

(6)

DIPPs

159

(1)

30-Pin SIPPs

159

(2)

30-Pin SIMMs

161

(4)

Banking

165

(5)

RAM Packaging, Part 2

170

(5)

72-Pin SIMMs

170

(2)

168-Pin DIMM

172

(1)

The Magic Banking Formula

173

(1)

Mixing DRAM Packages

174

(1)

Improvements in DRAM

175

(3)

EDO

175

(1)

SDRAM

176

(1)

ECC

177

(1)

Working with RAM

178

(4)

A Word on Speed

178

(1)

A Word on Banks

178

(1)

Installing SIMMs

179

(1)

Installing DIMMs

179

(2)

CMOS

181

(1)

Troubleshooting RAM

182

(1)

Questions

183

(2)

Answers

185

(2)

Motherboards and BIOS

187

(44)

BIOS

189

(22)

BIOS and Its Relation to Memory Addressing

193

(2)

The Many Faces of BIOS

195

(1)

Core Group: The System ROM

195

(1)

CMOS Group: The Changeable Ones

196

(10)

``Everything Else'' Group

206

(5)

POST (power-on self test)

211

(7)

Before and During the Video Test: the Beep Codes

212

(2)

After the Video Test: the Error Messages

214

(2)

POST Cards

216

(1)

The Boot Process

217

(1)

Motherboard Layouts

218

(6)

Motherboard Installation and Replacement

224

(3)

Questions

227

(2)

Answers

229

(2)

Expansion Bus

231

(62)

It's the Crystals!

232

(3)

History of PC Expansion Buses: Part 1

235

(3)

8-Bit ISA

235

(1)

16-Bit ISA

236

(2)

I/O Addresses

238

(7)

Hexadecimal

240

(2)

The Rules of I/O Addresses

242

(1)

Talking the Talk

243

(2)

Interrupts

245

(4)

COM and LPT Ports

249

(7)

COM3 and COM4

250

(1)

LPT Ports

251

(1)

Physical vs. I/O Ports

252

(1)

Back to the 8259

252

(2)

I/O Ports Today

254

(2)

DMA

256

(6)

DMA Limitations

259

(1)

Bus Mastering

260

(1)

Who Uses DMA?

261

(1)

Chipsets

261

(1)

A Better Bus

262

(1)

History of Expansion Buses: Part 2

262

(14)

MCA

263

(1)

EISA

264

(1)

VESA VL-BUS

264

(3)

PCI

267

(4)

AGP

271

(1)

PC Cards

271

(1)

Plug-n-Play

271

(5)

The Rules of Device Installation

276

(14)

Inventory

280

(7)

Install

287

(2)

Tweak

289

(1)

Check and Final Inventory

289

(1)

Questions

290

(2)

Answers

292

(1)

Floppy Drives

293

(12)

Care and Feeding of Floppy Drives

299

(1)

Repairing Floppy Drives

299

(3)

First, Blame the Floppy Disk

300

(1)

Second, Check for Data Errors on the Disk

300

(1)

Third, Check the CMOS Setting

300

(1)

Next, Blame the Floppy Controller

301

(1)

Maybe It's the Cable

301

(1)

Last, Replace the Floppy Drive

302

(1)

Questions

302

(2)

Answers

304

(1)

Hard Drives

305

(62)

Inside the Drive

307

(8)

Data Encoding

308

(1)

Moving the Arms

309

(1)

Geometry

310

(5)

IDE/EIDE

315

(8)

Physical Connections

316

(2)

Cabling EIDE Drives

318

(1)

Getting Jumper Information

319

(1)

Plugging It In

320

(2)

CMOS

322

(1)

Hard-Drive Types

323

(16)

Autodetection

328

(2)

LBA/ECHS

330

(1)

Sector Translation

330

(3)

INIT 13 Extensions

333

(2)

PIO Modes

335

(3)

DMA Modes

338

(1)

Drive Naming Conventions

339

(1)

Low-Level Formatting

340

(2)

Sector Organization

340

(1)

Interleave

340

(2)

Bootable Floppy Disk

342

(1)

Partitioning

342

(3)

Partition Examples

343

(1)

How to Partition

344

(1)

High-Level Formatting

345

(7)

File Allocation Table (FAT)

346

(2)

Sectors and Clusters

348

(1)

The FAT in Action

349

(3)

Fragmentation

352

(2)

The Finished Drive

354

(1)

How to Fix Hard Drives

355

(4)

Before the Drive Breaks

355

(1)

When Good Drives Go Bad

355

(2)

CMOS

357

(1)

Connectivity

358

(1)

Lost Boot and Partition Information

358

(1)

ST506

359

(3)

Cabling ST506 Drives

359

(3)

ESDI

362

(1)

Questions

363

(2)

Answers

365

(2)

SCSI

367

(36)

SCSI Chains

370

(11)

SCSI IDs

372

(6)

Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs)

378

(1)

Termination

378

(3)

SCSI Flavors

381

(5)

SCSI-1

382

(1)

SCSI-2

383

(2)

Beyond SCSI-2

385

(1)

Bus Mastering

386

(2)

SCSI Cabling and Connectors

388

(3)

Cable/Bus Lengths

389

(1)

Types of External Connectors

390

(1)

ASPI

391

(2)

SCSI Performance

393

(1)

Compatibility Among Flavors of SCSI

393

(1)

Compatibility with IDE and Other Standards

394

(1)

Repair and Troubleshooting

394

(3)

Power and Connectivity

394

(1)

Boot Firmware

395

(1)

Memory Chips

395

(1)

Storage

395

(1)

I/O

396

(1)

Device Drivers

396

(1)

Cost and Benefits

397

(1)

SCSI vs. EIDE

397

(1)

Additional Facts from Adaptec's Technical Support Line

398

(1)

Questions

399

(3)

Answers

402

(1)

Modems

403

(36)

Converting Serial Data to PC Data

407

(4)

Asynchronous Organization

408

(2)

Synchronous Organization

410

(1)

File Transfer Protocols

411

(1)

Baud Rate

412

(2)

Flow Control (Handshaking)

414

(1)

Error Detection

415

(1)

Data Compression

415

(1)

Communication Standards

416

(2)

Bell 212A/103

416

(1)

CCITT

416

(1)

MNP

416

(1)

Speed

417

(1)

Error Detection and Data Compression

417

(1)

Modem Commands

418

(1)

RS-232 Connector

419

(1)

Talking to Serial Ports

419

(1)

Telephone Lines

420

(1)

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Chips (UARTs)

421

(1)

Fax Modems

422

(1)

Modem Negotiations

423

(3)

TAPI

426

(1)

Installation and Troubleshooting

427

(5)

Set Up and Verify the COM Ports

427

(4)

Verify the Modem's BIOS

431

(1)

Set Up the Correct Command Set

431

(1)

When Modems Break

432

(2)

Do You Have a Nonconflicting COM Port and IRQ?

432

(2)

The Software Says There's No Modem

434

(1)

The Modem Works Sporadically

434

(1)

Questions

434

(3)

Answers

437

(2)

Video

439

(40)

Video Monitor Components

440

(13)

CRT

441

(1)

Refresh Rate

442

(2)

Resolution

444

(4)

Dot Pitch

448

(1)

Interlacing

449

(1)

Bandwidth

449

(1)

Power Conservation

450

(1)

Adjusting the Image

451

(2)

Troubleshooting Monitors

453

(4)

External Adjustments

454

(1)

Internal Adjustments

454

(1)

Common Problems

455

(2)

Video Cards

457

(8)

Modes

460

(1)

MDA

461

(1)

CGA

461

(1)

EGA

462

(1)

PGA

462

(1)

VGA

462

(2)

SVGA

464

(1)

Resolution, Color Depth, and Memory Requirements

465

(3)

Video Memory

468

(5)

Video Drivers

470

(3)

When Video Cards Go Bad

473

(1)

Questions

474

(3)

Answers

477

(2)

Printers

479

(34)

Impact Printers

480

(2)

Daisy-Wheel Printers

480

(1)

Dot-Matrix Printers

481

(1)

Ink-Jet Printers

482

(1)

Laser Printers

483

(13)

Parts

483

(4)

The Physical Side of the Printing Process

487

(5)

The Electronic Side of the Printing Process

492

(1)

Printer Languages

493

(1)

Electricity

494

(2)

Maintaining and Troubleshooting Laser Printers

496

(6)

Keep It Clean

496

(1)

Periodic Maintenance

496

(1)

Ghosting

496

(2)

Vertical White Lines

498

(1)

Blotchy Print

498

(1)

Spotty Print

498

(1)

Emboss Effect

499

(1)

Incomplete Characters

499

(1)

Creased Pages

499

(1)

Warped, Overprinted, or Poorly Formed Characters

499

(1)

HP Error Codes

500

(2)

Parallel Communication

502

(7)

IEEE 1284 standard

503

(5)

Connections, Cabling, and Electricity

508

(1)

Questions

509

(3)

Answers

512

(1)

DOS

513

(54)

Every Computer Needs an Operating System

514

(5)

Communicating with Hardware

516

(1)

Creating a User Interface

517

(1)

Accessing and Supporting Programs

518

(1)

Organizing and Manipulating Programs and Data

518

(1)

In the Beginning, There Was DOS

519

(5)

Files

520

(3)

Drives and Directories

523

(1)

Structure: Three Main Files

524

(1)

The DOS User Interface

524

(9)

The DOS Prompt

525

(3)

Running a Program

528

(1)

Fun with Files

528

(1)

Attributes

529

(1)

Wildcards

530

(1)

Deleting Files

531

(1)

Copying and Moving Files

532

(1)

Communicating with Hardware

533

(13)

Device Drivers and CONFIG.SYS

534

(5)

TSRs and AUTOEXEC.BAT

539

(5)

Startup Options

544

(2)

Working with Drives

546

(2)

VOL

547

(1)

SYS

548

(1)

LASTDRIVE

548

(1)

Checking Drives

548

(15)

CHKDSK

549

(1)

SCANDISK

550

(1)

DEFRAG

550

(2)

Disk Caching

552

(9)

The Computer Virus

561

(2)

Why Mess with DOS?

563

(1)

Questions

564

(2)

Answers

566

(1)

Windows 3.x

567

(40)

Graphical or Not?

568

(8)

Real Mode

571

(1)

Standard Mode

571

(1)

386 Enhanced Mode

572

(2)

Windows 3.x and DOS

574

(2)

Swap Files

576

(4)

Initialization Files: *.INI

580

(6)

SYSTEM.INI Groups and Settings

584

(1)

WIN.INI

585

(1)

Configuring Windows

586

(12)

Using a Disk Cache

586

(1)

32-Bit Disk Access

587

(1)

32-Bit File Access

587

(3)

Permanent Swap File

590

(2)

TEMP Files and RAM Drives

592

(1)

Memory Configuration

593

(1)

Printing Configuration

594

(4)

Troubleshooting Windows 3.x

598

(3)

Lockups

598

(2)

General Protection Faults

600

(1)

Backing Up

601

(2)

Questions

603

(2)

Answers

605

(2)

Windows 95

607

(50)

How Windows 95 Works

608

(6)

DOS 7

609

(2)

The GUI

611

(3)

The Registry

614

(6)

Accessing the Registry

615

(1)

Registry Components

616

(4)

Windows 95 File Structure

620

(3)

FAT 32

622

(1)

Installing Windows 95

623

(4)

Installing Windows 95---New or DOS System

624

(1)

Installing Windows 95---Windows 3.x System

625

(1)

Hardware Detection

626

(1)

Device Drivers in Windows 95

627

(2)

Device Manager

628

(1)

Configuring Windows 95

629

(17)

Keeping Current

630

(2)

Windows Updates

632

(5)

Configuring Virtual Memory

637

(2)

Disk Caches

639

(2)

DOS Memory

641

(5)

Troubleshooting Windows 95

646

(5)

Skip Startup

646

(1)

Safe Mode

647

(2)

Stepping Through

649

(1)

Command Prompt Only

649

(1)

Lockups

649

(2)

Making Backups

651

(3)

Questions

654

(2)

Answers

656

(1)

DOS Memory Management

657

(60)

Hexadecimal

659

(1)

The BOOT Process

660

(6)

Interrupt Vector Table (IVT)

660

(5)

Device Drivers

665

(1)

DOS Kernel

665

(1)

TSRs

665

(1)

Saving Conventional Memory

666

(1)

Memory Space vs. Memory

666

(3)

The DOS Memory Map

667

(1)

Assigning Addresses

668

(1)

Conventional and Reserved Memory

669

(4)

The Reserved Area

669

(2)

The Conventional Area

671

(2)

Expanded Memory

673

(4)

LIM 3.2 Standard Expanded Memory

676

(1)

LIM Standard 4.0 Memory

676

(1)

Extended Memory

677

(8)

Shadowing

678

(2)

HIMEM.SYS

680

(1)

Crowded Extended Memory

681

(1)

Microsoft to the Rescue

682

(1)

Setting HIMEM.SYS

682

(3)

HIMEM.SYS and DOS=HIGH

685

(1)

Upper Memory Blocks (UMB)

685

(21)

Reducing Conventional Memory Use

686

(1)

UMB Gateway

687

(1)

EMM386.EXE

688

(1)

Limulation

688

(1)

Preparing to Load High

689

(1)

Loading High

690

(1)

MEMMAKER

690

(2)

The MEM Command

692

(3)

EMM386 Options

695

(4)

Memory-Management Procedures

699

(1)

Rules for Preparing the UMB

699

(6)

Loading High

705

(1)

CONFIG.SYS Memory Hogs

706

(2)

BUFFERS

707

(1)

STACKS

707

(1)

FILES

707

(1)

FCBS

707

(1)

SHELL

708

(1)

RAMDRIVE.SYS

708

(1)

AUTOEXEC.BAT Memory Hogs

708

(5)

DOS Mouse Drivers

709

(1)

MSCDEX

710

(1)

SMARTDRIVE

711

(2)

Questions

713

(3)

Answers

716

(1)

Testing Power

717

(40)

Understanding Electricity

719

(1)

AC Power

720

(7)

Continuity

724

(1)

Resistance

724

(1)

Using a Multimeter to Test AC Outlets

725

(1)

Using Special Equipment to Test AC Voltage

726

(1)

DC Power

727

(8)

Testing DC

728

(7)

Switching Network

735

(5)

Fuses

736

(1)

Capacitors

736

(2)

Diodes and Rectifiers

738

(2)

Transistors

740

(1)

Transformer

740

(3)

Regulator

743

(3)

Rectifiers

743

(1)

Capacitors

744

(1)

Coils

744

(2)

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

746

(5)

Typical Electrostatic Voltages

747

(1)

Costly Effects of ESD

748

(1)

Types of ESD Damage

748

(1)

Preventing ESD Events and ESD Damage

749

(2)

Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

751

(1)

Questions

752

(3)

Answers

755

(2)

Portable PCs

757

(38)

Background

760

(3)

Laptops

763

(6)

Batteries

769

(3)

Nickel-Cadmium

769

(1)

Nickel Metal Hydride

770

(1)

Lithium lon

770

(2)

Smart Batteries

772

(1)

LCDs

772

(10)

PC Cards

782

(3)

Power Management

785

(5)

SMM

786

(1)

APM

786

(4)

Questions

790

(3)

Answers

793

(2)

Networks

795

(54)

Hardware

798

(7)

Packets/Frames

798

(1)

Topology

798

(7)

Hardware Protocols

805

(17)

Ethernet

805

(5)

10BaseT

810

(6)

Combining Different Types of Ethernet

816

(1)

Fast Ethernet

817

(1)

Fiberoptic Ethernet

818

(1)

Token-Ring

819

(3)

Plenum vs. PVC

822

(1)

Protocols

822

(2)

IPX/SPX

823

(1)

NetBEUI

823

(1)

TCP/IP

823

(1)

AppleTalk

823

(1)

Client/Server vs. Peer-to-Peer

824

(1)

Client/Server

824

(1)

Peer-to-Peer

825

(1)

Windows 95

825

(10)

Installing NICs

826

(3)

Installing Protocols

829

(1)

Sharing

829

(3)

Accessing Shared Drives/Directories

832

(2)

Sharing Printers

834

(1)

TCP/IP and the Internet

835

(3)

TCP/IP Settings

838

(4)

Default Gateway

838

(2)

Domain Name Service

840

(1)

DHCP/WINS

840

(2)

Dial-in and PPP

842

(3)

Questions

845

(2)

Answers

847

(2)

Multimedia

849

(44)

CD-ROM Drives

850

(17)

How CD-ROMs Work

851

(1)

CD-ROM Formats

852

(2)

Speeds

854

(1)

Connections

854

(3)

Device Drivers and Software

857

(8)

Troubleshooting

865

(2)

Sound

867

(22)

Types of Sound

868

(2)

Sound-card Connections

870

(5)

Device Drivers

875

(10)

Troubleshooting

885

(4)

Questions

889

(2)

Answers

891

(2)

Glossary

893

(52)

Index

945

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A+ Certification Exam Guide

A+ Certification Exam Guide

9780072122664

0072122668

Summary

Table of Contents

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A+ Certification Exam Guide

A+ Certification Exam Guide

9780072122664

0072122668

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