Rent 9780205740093 | Case Studies in Comparative Politics

Summary Table of Contents Author Biography

Debuting in its first edition and written by a new generation of area studies experts, Case Studies in Comparative Politicsfollows a questions-based approach that helps readers understand different countries' political histories, institutions, identities, and interests and why each country is politically interesting and relevant. When used on its own or with the accompanying thematic survey, Case Studies in Comparative Politicsasks-and answers-the same important questions that political scientists research and that are relevant to anyone intere... MORE

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Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Chapter Question: Why study country cases in comparative politics?
Introduction	p. 2
Comparative Politics	p. 3
Why These Ten Countries?	p. 6
Chapter Framework	p. 11
Historical Overview	p. 12
Early versus Late-forming States	p. 14
Globalization and the State	p. 15
Institutions	p. 17
Democratic Regimes	p. 19
Non-Democratic Regimes	p. 21
Regime Change	p. 24
Identities	p. 25
Economic and Cultural Forms of Identity	p. 25
Political-Identity Cleavages	p. 26
The Sources of Political Identity	p. 27
Interests	p. 28
Social Movement	p. 29
Interest Groups	p. 30
Political Parties	p. 30
The Contemporary Context	p. 32
Political Violence	p. 32
Political Economy	p. 33
Conclusion	p. 36
United Kingdom	p. 39
Chapter Question: How did limited government emerge in a country without a written constitution?
Introduction to the United Kingdom	p. 40
Historical Overview of the United Kingdom	p. 41
The Establishment of the State	p. 41
The Gradual Emergence of Limited Government	p. 44
Twentieth-Century Developments	p. 46
The Contemporary United Kingdom	p. 47
Institutions of the United Kingdom	p. 49
Institutions Promoting Effective Government	p. 51
Factors Supporting Limited Government	p. 57
Identities in the United Kingdom	p. 60
Class Identity	p. 60
Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Identities	p. 62
Gender and Quality-of-Life Issues	p. 65
Interests in the United Kingdom	p. 67
Business and Labor in the Party System	p. 68
"Policy Communities" in Britain	p. 70
Civil Society and Social Movements in the United Kingdom	p. 71
Mass Media	p. 72
Conclusion	p. 73
Germany	p. 77
Chapter Question: How did Germany overcome its tumultuous history and become a healthy democracy?
Introduction to Germany	p. 78
Historical Overview of Germany	p. 78
The Second Reich	p. 79
The Weimar Republic	p. 82
The Nazi Regime	p. 83
The Postwar Era: Division and Reunification	p. 85
Institutions of Germany	p. 88
"Chancellor Democracy"	p. 88
The Judiciary	p. 90
Federalism	p. 90
International Institutions	p. 91
Identities in Germany	p. 94
Pre-War Identities	p. 94
Political Culture after WWII	p. 95
Incorporating East Germany	p. 97
Immigration and German Identity	p. 98
Interests in Germany	p. 102
The Postwar Settlement	p. 103
Political Parties	p. 104
Challenges to the German Model	p. 109
Conclusion	p. 111
France	p. 114
Chapter Question: Why do French citizens engage in such frequent and dramatic forms of protest?
Introduction to France	p. 115
Historical Overview of France	p. 118
From the Middle Ages to the Ancien R�gime	p. 118
The French Revolution and Its Aftermath	p. 119
Regime Change in the Nineteenth Century	p. 120
Consolidating Democracy in the Twentieth Century	p. 120
Institutions of France	p. 123
Semi-Presidential Democracy and the Executive Branch	p. 124
The Legislative Branch	p. 126
The Judicial Branch	p. 127
Electoral Institutions	p. 128
Identities in France	p. 132
Class Divisions	p. 134
Nationalism and Its Challengers	p. 135
Religious Identities versus La�cit�	p. 136
Post-Materialist Identities	p. 137
Interests in France	p. 138
Interest Groups	p. 139
Political Parties	p. 140
The Interests of the State	p. 142
Examples of Protest	p. 142
Conclusion	p. 147
Japan	p. 150
Chapter Question: How did a single political party dominate Japan's democracy for more than half a century?
Introduction to Japan	p. 151
Historical Overview of Japan	p. 154
The Tokugawa Era	p. 154
The Meiji Era	p. 155
Economic Growth and the Rise and Decline of Democracy before World War II	p. 156
Rebuilding in the Postwar Era	p. 158
The 1990s	p. 160
The 2000s	p. 161
Institutions of Japan	p. 165
Unitarism	p. 166
Parliamentarism	p. 166
Electoral System	p. 167
The Weak Judiciary	p. 173
The Powerful Bureaucracy	p. 173
Identities of Japan	p. 175
Japanese Homogeneity	p. 175
Class Identity	p. 177
Status in Japan	p. 177
Disadvantaged Position of Women	p. 179
Interests in Japan	p. 180
Postwar Interests	p. 181
Environmental Interest Groups	p. 181
Modern versus Traditional Interests	p. 183
Koizumi's Reforms and the Fall of the LDP	p. 187
Conclusion	p. 189
India	p. 194
Chapter Question: Why has democracy persisted in India despite its colonial legacies of ethnic and religious strife, and widespread poverty and illiteracy?
Introduction to India	p. 195
Historical Overview of India	p. 198
The Mughal Empire	p. 198
The British Empire	p. 200
The Difficult Legacy of Colonialism	p. 203
Institutions of India	p. 207
Federalism	p. 208
Parliament	p. 209
Civil-Military Relations	p. 211
The Judiciary	p. 211
Political Parties	p. 212
Election Commission	p. 214
Identities in India	p. 216
Castes	p. 217
Languages	p. 219
Religion	p. 219
The Changing Politics of Caste Identity	p. 222
Interests in India	p. 225
Ethnic and Minority Interests	p. 225
Voters	p. 226
Rural Interests	p. 226
The Poor	p. 227
Business Interests	p. 227
Freedom of the Press and Mass Media	p. 228
Conclusion	p. 230
Mexico	p. 235
Chapter Question: Why is Mexico's democratic government unable to deal effectively with persistent poverty, corruption, and drug trafficking?
Introduction to Mexico	p. 236
Historical Overview of Mexico	p. 237
Colonial Mexico	p. 237
Independent Mexico	p. 240
The 1910 Revolution	p. 241
The Establishment of One-Party Rule, 1917-1940	p. 242
PRI Hegemony: 1940-1970	p. 243
The Decline of the PRI: 1970-2000	p. 244
Institutions of Mexico	p. 250
Executive-Legislative Relations	p. 251
The Judiciary	p. 252
Federalism	p. 254
Electoral Institutions	p. 255
Identities in Mexico	p. 258
Forming National Identity under the PRI	p. 258
Ethnicity Makes a Comeback	p. 260
Political Cleavages and Electoral Behavior	p. 262
Interests in Mexico	p. 264
Political Parties	p. 264
Social Movements	p. 266
Interest Groups	p. 269
Conclusion	p. 272
Russia	p. 277
Chapter Question: Why has Russia failed to consolidate democracy, remaining in many ways an authoritarian regime?
Introduction to Russia	p. 278
Historical Overview of Russia	p. 279
Geography and the Formation of the Russian State	p. 279
The Russian Revolution and the Rise of the USSR	p. 283
Reform and the Collapse of the USSR	p. 284
Institutions in Russia	p. 287
Constitutional Crisis 1992-1993	p. 287
The Constitution: President, Prime Minister, and Parliament	p. 288
Federalism	p. 290
Elections	p. 293
The "Tandemocracy" of President and Prime M inister	p. 296
Identities in Russia	p. 299
Ethnic Politics	p. 299
Chechnya and the Politics of the Caucasus	p. 301
Russian Nationalism	p. 302
What Happened to Class Identity?	p. 303
Religious Identity	p. 304
Interests in Russia	p. 306
Economic Reform, Economic Collapse, and the Rise of the "Oligarchs"	p. 307
Putin, the Fall of the Oligarchs, and Business Interests	p. 309
Labor	p. 310
Political Parties	p. 311
Social Movements	p. 313
Conclusion	p. 316
Nigeria	p. 320
Chapter Question: What factors account for Nigeria's poor economic and political performance since independence?
Introduction to Nigeria	p. 321
Historical Overview of Nigeria	p. 323
The Pre-Colonial Period: A Diverse Territory	p. 323
Colonial Nigeria: Unequal Regional Development	p. 326
Nigeria since Independence: Political and Economic Crisis	p. 328
Institutions of Nigeria	p. 331
Nigeria's Political Institutions in Theory	p. 332
Nigeria's Political Institutions in Practice	p. 333
A "Critically Weak" State	p. 334
Oil Dependence and State Weakness	p. 339
Identities in Nigeria	p. 342
Ethnic Diversity: Is Nigeria Too Diverse to Govern?	p. 342
Ethnicity, Oil, and Violent Conflict	p. 345
Interests of Nigeria	p. 351
Political Parties	p. 351
Where Is the Working Class?	p. 354
Economic Interest Groups	p. 356
Ethno-Regional Groups	p. 357
The Military	p. 357
Conclusion	p. 359
China	p. 365
Chapter Question: How has China's authoritarian regime managed to build and consolidate state strength in just 60 years?
Introduction to China	p. 366
Historical Overview of China	p. 370
The Chinese Empire	p. 370
The Chinese Republic	p. 372
Consolidating the People's Republic of China	p. 373
Mao's Attack on the State	p. 375
The Emergence of the Contemporary PRC	p. 377
Institutions of China	p. 379
China's Elite Institutions	p. 379
Local State Government	p. 384
The Military	p. 386
Identities in China	p. 388
From Totalitarian to Authoritarian Identities	p. 388
Nationalism as a Unifying Force	p. 391
Ethnicity and Religion as Potentially Divisive Forces	p. 393
Interests in China	p. 396
State Organizations: The Case of the Military	p. 397
Local Governments	p. 398
The Media	p. 398
Industrial and Professional Groups	p. 399
Non-Governmental Organizations	p. 399
Chinese Citizens	p. 399
Conclusion	p. 402
Iran	p. 407
Chapter Question: How does a dynamic civil society survive under repressive non-democratic governments in Iran?
Introduction to Iran	p. 408
Historical Overview of Iran	p. 409
Ancient Persia: From the Achaemenids to Sassanids	p. 409
The Safavids and the Spread of Islam	p. 412
Oil and the Rise of Nationalism in the Twentieth Century	p. 413
The 1979 Iranian Revolution	p. 416
Khatami and the Limits of Reform, 1997-2005	p. 418
Ahmadinejad and Conservative Reaction, 2005-Present	p. 419
Institutions of Iran	p. 422
Republican Institutions	p. 422
Islamic Institutions	p. 425
Identities of Iran	p. 430
Pre-Islamic "Persian": Achaemenids to Sassanids	p. 430
Ethnic Identities	p. 430
Religious Identities	p. 431
Social Classes	p. 433
Post-Revolutionary "Hybrid" Identities	p. 433
Women in the Vanguard	p. 434
Interests in Iran	p. 436
Military Interests	p. 436
Political Interests	p. 437
Organized Interests	p. 439
Nuclear and Scientific Interests	p. 440
Examples of Protest	p. 441
Conclusion	p. 445
Glossary	p. 449
Credits	p. 465
Subject Index	p. 467
Name Index	p. 485
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

David J. Samuels is Benjamin E. Lippincott Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota.

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The United Kingdom: Ben Ansell and Jane Gingrich are Assistant Professors of Political Science at the�University of Minnesota.

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Germany: David Art is Associate Professor of Political Science at�Tufts University.

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France: Erik Bleich is Professor of Political Science at�Middlebury College.

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Japan: Ethan Scheiner is�Associate Professor of Political Science at the�University of California�Davis

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India: Steven Wilkinson is Nilekani Professor of India and South Asian Studies and Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at�Yale University.

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Mexico: Cecilia Martinez-Gallardo is Assistant Professor of�Political Science at the�University of North Carolina�Chapel Hill.

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Russia: Graeme Robertson is�Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina�Chapel Hill.

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Nigeria: Alexandra Scacco is Assistant Professor of Politics at�New York University.

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China: Andrew Mertha is Associate Professor of�Government at�Cornell University.

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Iran: Arzoo Osanloo is Associate�Professor in�the Law, Societies, and Justice Program at the�University of Washington.

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