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| Preface | p. ix |
| Overview of the Cardiovascular System | p. 1 |
| Objectives | p. 1 |
| Homeostatic Role of the Cardiovascular System | p. 1 |
| The Basic Physics of Blood Flow | p. 5 |
| The Heart | p. 8 |
| The Vasculature | p. 13 |
| Blood | p. 15 |
| Foundation for Subsequent Chapters | p. 17 |
| Key Concepts | p. 17 |
| Study Questions... MORE | p. 18 |
| Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells | p. 20 |
| Objectives | p. 20 |
| Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Cells | p. 21 |
| Mechanical Activity of the Heart | p. 35 |
| Relating Cardiac Muscle Cell Mechanics to Ventricular Function | p. 44 |
| Key Concepts | p. 45 |
| Study Questions | p. 46 |
| The Heart Pump | p. 48 |
| Objectives | p. 48 |
| Cardiac Cycle | p. 49 |
| Determinants of Cardiac Output | p. 55 |
| Influences on Stroke Volume | p. 56 |
| Summary of Determinants of Cardiac Output | p. 59 |
| Cardiac Energetics | p. 63 |
| Key Concepts | p. 65 |
| Study Questions | p. 66 |
| Measurements of Cardiac Function | p. 67 |
| Objectives | p. 67 |
| Measurement of Cardiac Output | p. 67 |
| Cardiac Contractility Estimates | p. 68 |
| Measurement of Cardiac Excitation-The Electrocardiogram | p. 70 |
| Cardiac Dipoles and Electrocardiographic Records | p. 74 |
| Mean Electrical Axis and Axis Deviations | p. 77 |
| The Standard 12-Lead Electrocardiogram | p. 79 |
| Key Concepts | p. 81 |
| Study Questions | p. 81 |
| Cardiac Abnormalities | p. 83 |
| Objectives | p. 83 |
| Electrical Abnormalities and Arrhythmias | p. 83 |
| Valvular Abnormalities | p. 88 |
| Key Concepts | p. 91 |
| Study Questions | p. 92 |
| The Peripheral Vascular System | p. 94 |
| Objectives | p. 94 |
| Cardiovascular Transport | p. 96 |
| Basic Vascular Function | p. 102 |
| Measurement of Arterial Pressure | p. 111 |
| Determinants of Arterial Pressure | p. 112 |
| Key Concepts | p. 115 |
| Study Questions | p. 116 |
| Vascular Control | p. 119 |
| Objectives | p. 119 |
| Vascular Smooth Muscle | p. 120 |
| Control of Arteriolar Tone | p. 125 |
| Control of Venous Tone | p. 134 |
| Summary of Primary Vascular Control Mechanisms | p. 134 |
| Vascular Control of Coronary Blood Flow | p. 135 |
| Vascular Control in Specific Organs | p. 138 |
| Key Concepts | p. 146 |
| Study Questions | p. 146 |
| Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Hemodynamics | p. 148 |
| Objectives | p. 148 |
| Interaction of System Components | p. 148 |
| Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Status | p. 151 |
| Influence of Central Venous Pressure on Venous Return | p. 152 |
| Influence of Peripheral Venous Pressure on Venous Return | p. 153 |
| Determination of Cardiac Output and Venous Return by Central Venous Pressure | p. 154 |
| Clinical Implications of Abnormal Central Venous Pressures | p. 159 |
| Key Concepts | p. 160 |
| Study Questions | p. 161 |
| Regulation of Arterial Pressure | p. 163 |
| Objectives | p. 163 |
| Short-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure | p. 164 |
| Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure | p. 174 |
| Key Concepts | p. 180 |
| Study Questions | p. 181 |
| Cardiovascular Responses to Physiological Stresses | p. 183 |
| Objectives | p. 183 |
| Effect of Respiratory Activity | p. 185 |
| Effect of Gravity | p. 188 |
| Effect of Exercise | p. 193 |
| Normal Cardiovascular Adaptations | p. 197 |
| Effect of Gender | p. 201 |
| Key Concepts | p. 201 |
| Study Questions | p. 202 |
| Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations | p. 204 |
| Objectives | p. 204 |
| Circulatory Shock | p. 205 |
| Cardiac Disturbances | p. 210 |
| Hypertension | p. 217 |
| Key Concepts | p. 221 |
| Study Questions | p. 222 |
| Answers to Study Questions | p. 224 |
| p. 239 | |
| p. 240 | |
| p. 241 | |
| p. 243 | |
| p. 246 | |
| Index | p. 251 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |