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| Preface | p. vii |
| Overview of the Cardiovascular System | p. 1 |
| Objectives | p. 1 |
| Homeostatic Role of the Cardiovascular System | p. 1 |
| The Basic Physics of Blood Flow | p. 5 |
| The Heart | p. 8 |
| The Vasculature | p. 12 |
| Blood | p. 15 |
| Foundation for Subsequent Chapters | p. 16 |
| Key Concepts | p. 17 |
| Study Question... MORE | p. 17 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 18 |
| Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells | p. 19 |
| Objectives | p. 19 |
| Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Cells | p. 20 |
| Mechanical Activity of the Heart | p. 33 |
| Interrelating Cardiac Muscle Cell Mechanics & Ventricular Function | p. 43 |
| Key Concepts | p. 44 |
| Study Questions | p. 44 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 45 |
| The Heart Pump | p. 47 |
| Objectives | p. 47 |
| Cardiac Cycle | p. 48 |
| Determinants of Cardiac Output | p. 54 |
| Influences on Stroke Volume | p. 55 |
| Summary of Determinants of Cardiac Output | p. 59 |
| Cardiac Energetics | p. 62 |
| Measurement of Cardiac Function | p. 64 |
| Key Concepts | p. 68 |
| Study Questions | p. 69 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 70 |
| The Electrocardiogram | p. 71 |
| Objectives | p. 71 |
| Basic Features of the Electrocardiogram | p. 71 |
| Cardiac Dipoles & Electrocardiographic Records | p. 74 |
| Mean Electrical Axis & Axis Deviations | p. 78 |
| The Standard 12-Lead Electrocardiogram | p. 79 |
| Key Concepts | p. 81 |
| Study Questions | p. 81 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 82 |
| Cardiac Abnormalities | p. 83 |
| Objectives | p. 83 |
| Electrical Abnormalities & Arrhythmias | p. 83 |
| Valvular Abnormalities | p. 88 |
| Key Concepts | p. 90 |
| Study Questions | p. 91 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 91 |
| The Peripheral Vascular System | p. 93 |
| Objectives | p. 93 |
| Cardiovascular Transport | p. 94 |
| Basic Vascular Function | p. 100 |
| Measurement of Arterial Pressure | p. 109 |
| Determinants of Arterial Pressure | p. 110 |
| Key Concepts | p. 114 |
| Study Questions | p. 115 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 116 |
| Vascular Control | p. 117 |
| Objectives | p. 117 |
| Vascular Smooth Muscle | p. 118 |
| Control of Arteriolar Tone | p. 122 |
| Control of Venous Tone | p. 132 |
| Summary of Primary Vascular Control Mechanisms | p. 133 |
| Vascular Control in Specific Organs | p. 133 |
| Key Concepts | p. 143 |
| Study Questions | p. 143 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 144 |
| Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Status | p. 146 |
| Objectives | p. 146 |
| Influence of Central Venous Pressure on Venous Return | p. 147 |
| Influence of Peripheral Venous Pressure on Venous Return | p. 149 |
| Determination of Cardiac Output & Venous Return by Central Venous Pressure | p. 150 |
| Clinical Implications of Abnormal Central Venous Pressure | p. 155 |
| Key Concepts | p. 156 |
| Study Questions | p. 156 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 156 |
| Regulation of Arterial Pressure | p. 157 |
| Objectives | p. 157 |
| Short-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure | p. 158 |
| Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure | p. 173 |
| Key Concepts | p. 178 |
| Study Questions | p. 179 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 179 |
| Cardiovascular Responses to Physiological Stress | p. 181 |
| Objectives | p. 181 |
| Effect of Respiratory Activity | p. 183 |
| Effect of Gravity | p. 185 |
| Effect of Exercise | p. 190 |
| Age-Dependent Cardiovascular Changes | p. 195 |
| Effect of Gender | p. 197 |
| Key Concepts | p. 198 |
| Study Questions | p. 199 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 199 |
| Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations | p. 201 |
| Objectives | p. 201 |
| Circulatory Shock | p. 202 |
| Cardiac Disturbances | p. 206 |
| Hypertension | p. 213 |
| Key Concepts | p. 216 |
| Study Questions | p. 217 |
| Suggested Readings | p. 217 |
| Answers to Study Questions | p. 219 |
| Appendix A | p. 233 |
| Appendix B | p. 234 |
| Appendix C | p. 235 |
| Appendix D | p. 237 |
| Index | p. 241 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |