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A Brief History of the Western World: From the Beginning to the Enlightenment

ISBN: 9780155075009 | 0155075004
Edition: 8th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Thomson Learning
Pub. Date: 6/1/2001

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SummaryTable of Contents
Greer/Lewis's A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE WESTERN WORLD gives you a comprehensive view of the development of Western civilization in half the pages of other texts. Each chapter provides broad coverage of political, social, cultural, and religious themes. Includes a CD-ROM and access to an online university library.
Prefacexi
PART ONE The Ancient World: 3000 B.C.-A.D. 5001(200)
The Birth of Civilization in the Middle East
6(52)
... MORE
Overview
6(2)
The Prehistoric Era
8(9)
The Origins and ``Ages'' of Human Beings
9(3)
The New Stone Age: The Agricultural Revolution
12(5)
The Earliest Cities: Mesopotamia
17(13)
Sumer (3500-2400 B.C.)
18(8)
Babylonia (2400-1200 B.C.)
26(4)
Land of the Pharaohs: Egypt
30(13)
The Nile and the ``Two Lands''
30(1)
Government by a God-King (3100-30 B.C.)
31(3)
Religion and Law
34(3)
Literature, Science, and Art
37(6)
The First Universal Empires: Assyria and Persia
43(10)
Crisis and Recovery of the Civilized World (1200-900 B.C.)
44(2)
Assyria (900-600 B.C.)
46(3)
Persia (550-330 B.C.)
49(4)
The European Barbarians
53(5)
The Greek Beginnings of Western Civilization
58(50)
Overview
58(1)
The Aegean Background
59(4)
The City-State
63(13)
Sparta: The Military Ideal
66(3)
Athens: The Glory of Greece
69(7)
The City-State Way of Life
76(1)
Greek Religion
76(4)
Gods and Goddesses
77(1)
Priests, Oracles, and Mystery Cults
78(2)
The Founders of Western Philosophy
80(6)
Pioneers of Rational Thought
80(1)
The Sophists
81(1)
Socrates and Plato
82(3)
Aristotle
85(1)
Greek Literature
86(6)
Epic and Lyric Poetry
86(2)
Drama: Tragedy and Comedy
88(3)
History
91(1)
Architecture and Sculpture
92(6)
Temple Building: The Parthenon
93(2)
Images of Gods and Humans
95(3)
The Decline of the Greek City-States
98(5)
The Peloponnesian War
100(2)
The Rise of Macedonia
102(1)
Alexander the Great and the Wider Spread of Greek Culture
103(5)
Alexander's Dream of ``One World''
103(2)
The Hellenistic States
105(3)
The Roman Triumph and Fall
108(54)
Overview
108(2)
The Rise of Rome
110(8)
Italy and Its Peoples
110(2)
The Government of the Early Republic
112(3)
Roman Expansion
115(3)
The Overthrow of the Republic
118(5)
The Impact of War and Conquest
118(3)
The Turn to Monarchy: Julius Caesar
121(2)
The Imperial Foundations
123(3)
The Augustan Political Settlement
123(1)
Reform, Reconstruction, and the End of Expansion
124(2)
The Approach to One World: Pax Romana
126(6)
The Empire: Extent and Composition
127(3)
Cities of the Empire
130(1)
The Meaning of the Roman Peace: Prosperity, Technology, Citizenship
131(1)
Roman Character and Thought
132(6)
Religion, Family Life, and Morality
132(2)
Literature as Moralistic Expression
134(1)
Roman Epicureanism and Stoicism
135(3)
Science and Medicine
138(1)
Roman Law
138(2)
The Evolution of Roman Law
138(1)
The Idea of ``Natural Law''
139(1)
Codification of the Laws
140(1)
Architecture and Engineering
140(9)
Architectural Forms and Aims
141(3)
Civic Architecture and Monuments
144(5)
The End of Rome and the Beginning of Europe
149(13)
The Problems of the Empire
149(2)
Reconstitution of the Empire by Diocletian and Constantine
151(7)
Germanic Invasions of the West
158(4)
A Conquering New Faith: Christianity
162(39)
Overview
162(2)
Sources of Christianity
164(8)
Judaism
164(6)
Perisan Religious Ideas and Practices
170(2)
Greek Philosophical Thought
172(1)
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
172(2)
The ``Nature'' of Jesus
172(1)
The Sermon on the Mount
173(1)
The Early Church and Its Expansion
174(6)
Missionary Beginnings: Pentecost
174(1)
The Apostle Paul
175(2)
The Spread of Christianity
177(2)
Persecution of the Christians
179(1)
The Growth of Christian Organization and Doctrine
180(9)
The Rise of the Priesthood and the Emergence of Bishops
181(1)
Roman Supremacy: The Pope
182(2)
The Canon of Scriptures
184(1)
Doctrinal Differences: Orthodoxy and Heresy
185(2)
The Council of Nicaea and the Trinitarian Creed
187(2)
The Worldly Victory of the Church
189(4)
The Conquest of the States
189(2)
Augustine: The Philosopher of Christian Victory
191(2)
Early Christian Monasticism
193(8)
The Ascetic Ideal
193(1)
The Hermit Monks: Anthony
194(1)
Regulated Communities: Basil, Jerome
195(2)
Benedict and His Rule
197(4)
PART TWO Medieval Civilization: 500-1300201(116)
The Creation of Europe: Political and Social Foundations
204(66)
Overview
204(4)
Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages
208(6)
The Germanic Barbarians
208(2)
The Kingdom of the Franks
210(4)
The Rival Culture of Byzantium
214(6)
Justinian
214(2)
Byzantium's Historic Role
216(2)
Byzantium and the Slavs
218(2)
The Book and Sword of Islam
220(10)
The Arabs and Muhammad
221(1)
The Saracen Empire
222(1)
Islam and Christianity
223(1)
Islamic Social and Ethical Ideas
224(1)
Obligations of the Faithful
225(1)
Religious and Political Divisions
226(1)
The Muslim Legacy to the West
226(4)
The Emergence of Medieval Civilization
230(17)
The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty
230(1)
The Alliance of the Franks and the Papacy
231(2)
Charlemagne
233(5)
The Restoration of the ``Roman Empire''
238(1)
The Dissolution of Charlemagne's Empire
239(3)
Europe Takes Shape
242(5)
Feudalism
247(10)
The Feudal Compact
248(2)
Homage and Knighthood
250(1)
The Feudalization of the Church
251(1)
Feudal States
251(6)
Manorialism
257(5)
The Manorial Estate
257(3)
The People of the Manor
260(2)
The Rise of Trade and Towns
262(8)
Origins
263(3)
The Location and Appearance of Towns
266(1)
A New Social Element: The Bourgeois
267(1)
Economic Theory and Control: The Guilds
268(2)
The Flowering of Medieval Culture
270(47)
Overview
270(2)
The Medieval Church
272(13)
The Sacraments
272(2)
Christian Devotional Life
274(3)
Monastic Reform Movements: Cluny and the Friars
277(2)
The Papal Monarchy
279(4)
The Struggle for Supremacy over the State
283(2)
Christian Art
285(10)
The Romanesque Style
285(5)
The Gothic Style
290(5)
Thought and Education
295(7)
The Rise of Universities
296(3)
Scholastic Philosophy
299(3)
Medieval Science
302(1)
Language and Literature
302(5)
Latin Writings
303(1)
Vernacular Writings
304(3)
West and East: The Crusades
307(7)
The Western Counteroffensive
307(1)
Triumph and Tragedy in the Holy Land
308(5)
The Anti-Jewish Crusade
313(1)
The Medieval Ideal and Reality: A Summary
314(3)
PART THREE The Coming of Modern Times: 1300-1650317(128)
The Transformation and Expansion of Europe
320(51)
Overview
320(1)
Dissolution of the Medieval Synthesis
321(8)
The Calamitous Fourteenth Century
322(3)
Eastern Europe: Western Colonists, Asian Invaders
325(4)
The New Economy
329(6)
The Birth of Modern Capitalism
330(1)
Innovations in Business Organization
330(1)
The Rise of Banking and Bankers
331(2)
The Impact on Social Structure and Values
333(2)
The New Technology
335(4)
The New Politics
339(15)
Absolutism in Practice: Italy
341(3)
The Theory of Absolutism: Machiavelli
344(3)
Building the National Monarchies: France and England
347(5)
The Eclipse of the Universal Empire: Germany
352(2)
The New Geography
354(17)
The Impulse to Overseas Expansion
354(3)
The Voyages of European Discovery: The New World
357(4)
The Colonial Empires
361(4)
Oversea Consequences of Europe's Expansion
365(3)
Consequences for Europe
368(3)
The Renaissance: Upsurge of Humanism
371(34)
Overview
371(2)
The Renaissance View of Human Nature
373(10)
The Revival of Interest in the Classical World
373(1)
The New Scholarship: Petrarch, Boccaccio
374(2)
Humanistic Education and the ``Gentleman''
376(2)
Philosophy: The Appeal of Platonism
378(1)
The Critical Spirit and the Beginnings of Empiricism
379(1)
Christian Humanism: Erasmus
380(3)
The Revolution in Art
383(15)
The Pioneer of Naturalism: Giotto
383(2)
New Artistic Techniques: Brunelleschi, van Eyck
385(4)
The Liberation of Sculpture: Donatello
389(3)
Art Triumphs over Nature: Botticelli, Leonardo
392(3)
The Artistic Climax: Michelangelo
395(3)
Literature and Drama
398(7)
The Libertarian Humorist: Rabelais
398(1)
The Skeptical Essayist: Montaigne
399(2)
The Master Dramatist: Shakespeare
401(4)
The Reformation: Division and Reform in the Church
405(40)
Overview
405(2)
Background of the Reformation
407(6)
Decay of the Church
407(2)
The Awakening Reform Spirit: Wiclif, Hus
409(3)
The Influence of Political and Social Forces
412(1)
The Revolt of Luther: ``Justification by Faith''
413(5)
The Provocation: The Sale of Indulgences
413(1)
Luther's Spiritual Search: His Doctrine of Salvation
414(1)
The Widening Split with Rome
415(1)
Building the Lutheran Church
416(2)
Calvin and the Elect: ``Predestination''
418(7)
Calvin: The International Reformer
418(2)
The Doctrine of God's Omnipotence
420(2)
Calvinist Ethics: The Puritan Discipline
422(1)
Relations of Church and State
423(1)
Calvinist Ministry and Ritual
424(1)
Henry VIII and the Church of England
425(5)
Henry's Desire for Independence
425(1)
Break with Rome: The Act of Supremacy
426(1)
The Struggle over Doctrine: Protestant Advance and Catholic Reaction
427(1)
The Elizabethan Compromise
428(2)
The Roman Catholic Response: Reform and Reaffirmation
430(4)
Relation to Protestant Movements
430(1)
Loyola and the Society of Jesus
431(1)
The Reforming Popes and the Council of Trent
432(2)
Historical Significance of the Reformation
434(1)
Art During the Reformation
435(10)
The Impact of Protestantism: Holbein, Brueghel
435(1)
The Development of the Baroque: Rubens, Rembrandt
436(3)
Baroque Sculpture and Architecture: Bernini
439(6)
PART FOUR The Changing West: 1600-1850445
Science and a New Cosmology
448
Overview
448
National and International Development
451
Foundations of the European State System: The Peace of Westphalia
451
The Absolute Monarch: Louis XIV
455
Eastern Europe: Prussia, Austria, and Russia
457
Justifications for Absolutism: Bossuet, Hobbes
461
The Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century
463
Discoverers of a New Cosmos: Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo
464
Makers of Scientific Method: Bacon, Descartes
468
The Grand Synthesizer: Newton
469
The Organization of Science
471
The Impact of Science on Philosophy: The Enlightenment
472
A Revised Cosmology: The ``World-Machine''
473
The View of God: Deism
474
The View of Human Society
475
Faith in Nature and Reason
476
The Vision of Progress
478
Political Response to the New Philosophy: Enlightened Despotism
480
The Rational Spirit in Literature and Art
481
Classicism: Racine, Pope
482
Satire: Voltaire
483
The Architecture of Reason: Wren, Jefferson
484
Academy Painting: Portraits of Aristocratic Elegance
487
The Classical Age of Music
490
Music in Western Civilization
490
Birth of the ``Modern'' Style: Monteverdi, Handel, Bach
492
The Classical Spirit: Haydn, Mozart
493
Recommended Further Reading1(18)
Recommended Videocassettes19(2)
Credits21(2)
Index23

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