Rent 9780205188604 | A Brief Guide to Writing from Readings

Summary Table of Contents

A Brief Guide to Writing From Readings will appeal to freshman composition instructors as well as instructors across the curriculum who require a writing-from-sources text in their introductory, general education classes. A Brief Guide to Writing From Readings is comprehensive enough to serve as a primary text yet compact enough to serve as a supplement. It teaches students how to read texts critically, quote and paraphrase material, summarize, respond to, critique, and synthesize readings, avoid plagiarism, document essays, and keep a writing ... MORE

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Preface

(2)

Acknowledgments

xvii

Chapter 1 CRITICAL READING

(26)

Definition and Purpose

(2)

Asking Questions about What You Read

(8)

Questions to Ask Before You Begin a Close Reading of a Text

(3)

Questions Concerning the Author

(1)

Questions about the Publication

(1)

Questions Concerning Your Own Views of the Topic

(1)

Questions to Ask While You Read and Reread Material

(4)

Questions Concerning the Audience of the Piece

(1)

Questions about Purpose

(1)

Questions about Content

(1)

Questions about Organization

(1)

Questions about the Author's Sources

(1)

Questions about Graphics

(1)

Questions about Your Reactions and Responses

(1)

Marking Texts

(7)

Highlighting Texts

(1)

Annotating Texts

(3)

Marginal Annotations

(2)

End Annotations

(1)

Sample Annotated Reading: "Hard Choices" by Patrick Moore

(3)

Note Taking

(2)

Before Jotting Down Any Notes, Always Write the Source Text's Full Bibliographic Information

(1)

In Your Notes, Carefully Distinguish between Material You Quote and Material You Paraphrase

(1)

Carefully List Page Numbers

(1)

Pay Attention to the Punctuation in the Source Text

(1)

In Your Notes, Clearly Differentiate between the Author's Ideas and Your Own

(1)

Be Consistent with Your System

(1)

Additional Reading: "Establishing the Environmental Priority"

(3)

Walter A. Rosenbaum

Summary Chart--Critical Reading: Asking Questions

(2)

Summary Chart--Critical Reading: Marking Texts

(1)

Summary Chart--Critical Reading: Note Taking

(1)

Chapter 2 QUOTATION

(18)

Definition and Purpose

(1)

Guidelines on When to Quote Material

(2)

Quote Passages When the Author Has Written Something in a Distinctive or Especially Insightful or Interesting Way

(1)

Quote Material That Lends Support to a Position You Are Trying to Make in Your Paper

(1)

Quote Authorities Who Disagree with a Position You Are Advocating or Who Offer Alternative Explanations or Contradictory Data

(1)

Guidelines on When Not to Quote Material

(1)

Do Not Quote Passages Just to Fill Space

(1)

Do Not Quote Passages as a Substitute for Thinking

(1)

Do Not Quote Passages Because You Do Not Understand the Author's Ideas Well Enough to Paraphrase Them

(1)

Integrating Quotations into Your Writing

(1)

Two Basic Types of Quotations

(1)

Reading: "Missing Link"

(8)

The Block Quotation

(3)

APA Guidelines

(1)

CBE Guidelines

(1)

MLA Guidelines

(1)

The Integrated Quotation

(3)

Introduce the Quotation with a Verb

(1)

Introduce a Quotation without a Verb

(1)

Run Your Sentence and the Quotation Together

(1)

Pick out Only Certain Words to Quote in Your Sentence

(1)

Altering Quoted Material and Avoiding Misquotations

(3)

Leaving Words out of a Quotation

(1)

Adding Words to a Quotation

(1)

Noting Emphasis in a Quotation

(2)

Summary Chart: Guidelines on Quotations

(1)

Summary Chart: Integrating Quotations into Your Writing

(1)

Chapter 3 PARAPHRASE

(12)

Definition and Purpose

(1)

Qualities of a Good Paraphrase

(2)

Thorough

(1)

Accurate

(1)

Fair

(1)

Objective

(1)

How to Paraphrase Material

(5)

Changing Words

(2)

Changing Sentence Structure

(1)

Combining Sentences

(1)

"Unpacking" Sentences

(1)

Documentation

(1)

Summary Chart: How to Write a Paraphrase

(1)

Summary Chart: Qualities of a Good Paraphrase

(2)

Chapter 4 SUMMARY

(22)

Definition and Purpose

(1)

Types of Summaries

(1)

Qualities of a Good Summary

(3)

Comprehensive

(1)

Brief

(1)

Accurate

(1)

Neutral

(1)

Independent

(1)

How to Summarize a Text

(1)

Read, Reread, and Annotate the Source Text

(1)

Summarize Each Section of the Source Text

(1)

Write Your First Draft

(1)

Check the Draft against the Source Text

(1)

Rewrite the Summary

(1)

Documentation

(1)

Sample Summaries

(1)

Reading: "AIDS and Population `Control'" by Gerard Piel

(2)

Sample Informative Summary

(1)

Sample Explanatory Summary

(1)

Additional Reading: "Population Pressure"

(4)

Marguerite Holloway

Additional Reading: "The Solution to a Global Crisis"

(5)

Gro Harlem Brundtland

Summary Chart: How to Write a Summary

(2)

Chapter 5 RESPONSE ESSAYS

(12)

Definition and Purpose

(1)

Qualities of a Good Response Essay

(2)

Honest

(1)

Informed

(1)

Clear

(1)

Well Supported

(1)

Writing the Response Essay

(4)

Carefully Read the Material

(1)

Explore Your Responses to the Reading as You Annotate the Text

(1)

How Do You React Emotionally to What the Author Has Written?

(1)

How Do the Ideas Offered in the Reading Compare with Your Experience or Your Sense of Reality?

(1)

How Do the Ideas Offered in the Source Match What Others Have Had to Say on the Topic?

(1)

Compose Your Rough Draft

(2)

Introduce the Source Text and Give Your Thesis

(1)

Summarize the Source Text

(1)

State and Explain Your Responses Clearly and Concisely

(1)

Revise Your Rough Draft

(1)

Review Your Assertions

(1)

Review Your Support and Explanations

(1)

Review Your Organization

(1)

Review Your Language

(1)

Sample Response Essay

(3)

Summary Chart: How to Write a Response Essay

(2)

Chapter 6 CRITIQUE

(32)

Definition and Purpose

(1)

The Film Review as Critique

(4)

Writing a Critique

(12)

Step I--Carefully Read and Annotate the Source Text

(1)

Note the Author's Thesis, Primary Assertions, and Primary Means of Support

(1)

Note the Author's Use of Graphics, Headings, and Subheadings

(1)

Note the Author's Diction and Word Choice

(1)

Note the Author's Tone

(1)

Note the Author's Audience

(1)

Note the Author's Purpose

(1)

Summarize the Piece

(1)

Step 2--Analyze and Evaluate the Reading

(7)

Analyzing and Evaluating a Reading's Thesis and Primary Assertions or Findings

(1)

Analyzing and Evaluating a Reading's Evidence and Reasoning

(2)

Analyzing and Evaluating a Reading's Organization

101

(1)

Analyzing and Evaluating a Reading's Style

102

(1)

Step 3--Write Your Thesis and Decide Which Aspects of the Reading You Will Focus on in Your Essay

103

(1)

Positive Thesis Statement

104

(1)

Negative Thesis Statement

104

(1)

Mixed Thesis Statement

104

(1)

Step 4--Write Your Rough Draft

104

(2)

Introductory Section

105

(1)

Body

105

(1)

Conclusion

106

(1)

Step 5--Rewrite Your Critique

106

(1)

Check for Accuracy

106

(1)

Check the Development of Your Assertions

106

(1)

Check the Organization

107

(1)

Check for Clarity

107

(1)

Reading and Sample Critique: "Clear Message to Teens: `It's OK to Have Sex'"

107

(4)

Joan Beck

Additional Reading: "Condom Availability Promotes Health, Saves Lives"

111

(4)

Margaret Pruitt Clark

Additional Reading: "Apply Peer Pressure, Not Latex, Against Casual Sex"

115

(6)

Edwin J. Delattre

Summary Chart: Writing a Critique

121

(2)

Chapter 7 SYNTHESIS

123

(30)

Definition and Purpose

123

(1)

Types of Synthesis Essays

124

(1)

Reading: "The Fool on the Hill"

124

(1)

Brian D. Johnson

Reading: "Forrest Gump"

125

(2)

David Ansen

Reading: "Forrest Gump"

127

(1)

Peter Travers

Informative Synthesis

128

(7)

Definition

128

(1)

Writing an Informative Synthesis

129

(6)

Analyze the Assignment

129

(1)

Review and Annotate the Readings

130

(1)

Formulate a Thesis and Organizational Plan

130

(2)

Write Your Rough Draft

132

(1)

Revise Your Draft

133

(2)

Argumentative Synthesis

135

(7)

Definition

135

(1)

Writing an Argumentative Synthesis

136

(6)

Analyze the Assignment

136

(1)

Annotate and Critique the Readings

137

(1)

Formulate a Thesis and Organizational Plan

137

(4)

Write Your Rough Draft

141

(1)

Revise Your Draft

141

(1)

Sample Informative and Argumentative Syntheses

142

(7)

Sample Informative Synthesis

142

(2)

Sample Argumentative Synthesis (Focusing on the Quality of the Readings)

144

(2)

Sample Argumentative Synthesis (Focusing on the Topic of Readings)

146

(3)

Summary Chart: Synthesis Essays

149

(4)

Chapter 8 PLAGIARISM

153

(8)

Definition

153

(1)

Forms of Plagiarism

153

(3)

Purchasing a Paper

154

(1)

Turning in a Paper Someone Else Has Written for You

154

(1)

Turning in Another Student's Work without That Student's Knowledge

154

(1)

Improper Collaboration

154

(1)

Copying a Paper from a Source Text without Proper Acknowledgment

155

(1)

Copying Material from a Source text, Supplying Proper Documentation but Leaving out Quotation Marks

155

(1)

Paraphrasing Material from a Reading without Proper Documentation

155

(1)

How to Avoid Plagiarism

156

(3)

Do Your Own Work

156

(1)

Take Good Notes

156

(1)

Paraphrase Properly

157

(1)

Supply Proper Documentation

157

(1)

Clarify Collaboration Guidelines

158

(1)

Summary Chart: Plagiarism

159

(2)

Chapter 9 DOCUMENTATION

161

(16)

Definition and Purpose

161

(1)

Types of Documentation

161

(1)

Primary Academic Style Manuals

162

(1)

APA Guidelines

163

(4)

In-Text Documentation

163

(4)

Consolidating References

167

(1)

Footnotes and Endnotes

167

(1)

CBE Guidelines

167

(5)

In-Text Documentation

167

(5)

The Name-Year System

168

(2)

Consolidating References

170

(1)

The Citation-Sequence System

170

(2)

Consolidating References

172

(1)

Footnotes and Endnotes

172

(1)

MLA Guidelines

172

(5)

In-Text Documentation

172

(4)

Consolidating References

176

(1)

Footnotes and Endnotes

176

(1)

Chapter 10 REFERENCE LISTS AND WORKS CITED ENTRIES

177

(34)

Definition and Purpose

177

(1)

APA Format

178

(9)

Sample Reference List Entries

178

(6)

Reference Page

184

(1)

Sample Reference Page: APA Format

185

(2)

CBE Format

187

(15)

Sample Reference List Entries

187

(10)

Reference List Guidelines

197

(1)

Sample Reference List: Citation-Sequence Format

198

(2)

Sample Reference List: Name-Year Format

200

(2)

MLA Format

202

(9)

Sample Works Cited Entries

202

(5)

Works Cited List

207

(1)

Sample Works Cited List: MLA Format

208

(3)

Chapter 11 JOURNALS

211

(10)

Definition

211

(1)

Purpose

212

(2)

Types of Entries

214

(3)

Summaries

214

(1)

Analyses

214

(1)

Responses

214

(1)

Reflections

215

(1)

Questions

215

(1)

Critiques

215

(1)

Syntheses

215

(1)

Applications

215

(1)

Refutations

216

(1)

Outlines

216

(1)

Drafts

216

(1)

Personal Experience

216

(1)

Self-Reflections

217

(1)

Creative Writing

217

(1)

Drawings

217

(1)

Language and Format

217

(2)

Language

218

(1)

Format

218

(1)

Dual Entry Format

219

(1)

Research Log Format

219

(1)

Final Considerations

219

(2)

Appendix 1 PRIMARY STYLE MANUALS

221

(4)

APA Style Manual

221

(1)

CBE Style Manual

221

(1)

MLA Style Manual

221

(4)

Appendix 2 DOCUMENTING ELECTRONIC SOURCES OF INFORMATION

225

(8)

Types of Electronic Sources

226

(7)

Portable Sources

226

(1)

Sample Bibliographic Entries for Portable Sources

226

(2)

APA Format

226

(1)

CBE Format

227

(1)

MLA Format

228

(1)

Online Databases

228

(1)

Sample Bibliographic Entries for Online Databases

228

(2)

APA Format

228

(1)

CBE Format

229

(1)

MLA Format

230

(1)

E-Mail

230

(1)

Sample Bibliographic Entries for E-Mail

231

(2)

APA Format

231

(1)

CBE Format

231

(1)

MLA Format

231

(2)

Appendix 3 REVISION CHECKLISTS

233

(8)

Quotation Checklist

233

(1)

Paraphrase Checklist

234

(1)

Summary Checklist

235

(1)

Response Essay Checklist

236

(1)

Critique Checklist

237

(1)

Synthesis Checklist

238

(1)

Plagiarism Checklist

239

(2)

Credits Index

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A Brief Guide to Writing from Readings

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