Rent 9781413010329 | The Writer's Harbrace Handbook

Summary Table of Contents

The Writer's Harbrace Handbook, Third Edition, is grounded in the belief that an understanding of the rhetorical situation-the writer, reader, message, context, and exigence (the reason for writing)-provides the best starting place for effective writing and reading. This edition guides student writers in employing that rhetorical understanding as they choose the most effective information to include, the best arrangement of that information, and the most appropriate language to use. This writing-first handbook moves students through the steps t... MORE

Preface	p. xvii
Writing and the Rhetorical Situation
The Rhetorical Situation	p. 3
Understanding the rhetorical situation	p. 4
Writing to an exigence	p. 5
Writing with a specific purpose	p. 6
Considering audience	p. 10
Communicating a message within a context	p. 16
Reading Rhetorically	p. 18
Previewing for a... MOREn initial impression	p. 19
Reading for content	p. 25
Rereading for understanding	p. 27
Recognizing a personal response	p. 28
Writing about your reading	p. 29
Planning and Drafting Essays	p. 32
Selecting subjects for writing	p. 33
Focusing on a specific topic	p. 36
Conveying a clear thesis	p. 39
Arranging or outlining ideas	p. 43
Getting your ideas into a first draft	p. 45
Drafting well-developed paragraphs	p. 46
Rhetorical methods of development	p. 48
Revising and Editing Essays	p. 51
The essentials of revision	p. 58
Introductions and conclusions	p. 61
Unified and coherent paragraphs	p. 68
Transitions within and between paragraphs	p. 75
The benefits of peer review	p. 78
Editing for clarity	p. 92
Proofreading	p. 93
The final draft	p. 95
Planning for Academic Success	p. 100
Easing the pressure	p. 100
Academic support opportunities	p. 104
Managing deadlines	p. 106
Abbreviating the writing process	p. 107
Managing writer's block	p. 108
Preparing for essay examinations	p. 109
Online Documents	p. 115
The online rhetorical situation	p. 115
Electronic messaging	p. 117
Online discussion forums	p. 121
Netiquette and online documents	p. 125
Composing Web documents	p. 126
Visual elements and rhetorical purpose	p. 136
Visual Documents	p. 140
Visual representations of meaning	p. 141
Examining images	p. 141
The whole image	p. 142
The elements of an image	p. 143
Arrangement of visual elements	p. 146
Image and surrounding text	p. 151
Document design and purpose	p. 154
The conventions of document design	p. 154
Design and function	p. 156
Graphics and purpose	p. 161
Writing Arguments	p. 168
The purpose of your argument	p. 169
Differing viewpoints	p. 170
Fact versus opinion	p. 172
A position or claim	p. 173
Evidence	p. 177
The rhetorical appeals	p. 180
Arranging an argument	p. 183
Logic	p. 187
Avoiding rhetorical fallacies	p. 190
Sample argument	p. 197
Research
Finding Sources in Print, Online, and in the Field	p. 207
Research and the rhetorical situation	p. 207
Finding books	p. 212
Finding articles	p. 217
Finding online sources	p. 221
Field research	p. 226
Evaluating Print and Online Sources	p. 231
Credibility of authors	p. 231
Credibility of publishers	p. 237
Online sources	p. 238
Relevance and timeliness	p. 240
Using Sources Effectively and Responsibly	p. 244
The rhetorical situation and the research paper	p. 244
Organizing notes	p. 246
Bibliographies	p. 249
Integrating sources	p. 250
Avoiding plagiarism	p. 256
Responding to sources	p. 259
MLA Documentation	p. 262
MLA in-text citations	p. 262
MLA list of works cited	p. 271
MLA paper	p. 305
APA Documentation	p. 317
APA in-text citations	p. 317
APA reference list	p. 320
APA paper	p. 337
CMS Documentation	p. 346
CMS note and bibliographic forms	p. 346
CMS paper	p. 361
CSE Documentation	p. 375
CSE systems	p. 375
CSE paper	p. 384
Writing in the Disciplines
Writing to Interpret Literature	p. 391
Literature and its genres	p. 392
Vocabulary for literature	p. 393
Approaches to literature	p. 398
Reading and interpretation	p. 402
Types of literary interpretation	p. 404
Conventions for writing about literature	p. 405
Sample literary interpretation	p. 408
Writing in the Social Sciences	p. 413
Audience, purpose, and the research question	p. 415
Evidence, sources, and reasoning	p. 416
Special conventions	p. 417
Social science report	p. 420
Writing in the Natural Sciences	p. 425
Audience, purpose, and the research question	p. 425
Evidence, sources, and reasoning	p. 427
Special conventions	p. 428
Natural science report	p. 431
Writing in Business	p. 439
Special conventions	p. 439
Business letters	p. 441
Business memos	p. 444
Resumes	p. 445
Application letters	p. 448
Business plans	p. 450
Grammar
Sentence Essentials	p. 462
Parts of speech	p. 462
Subjects and predicates	p. 472
Predicates	p. 474
Subjects and complements	p. 475
Basic sentence patterns	p. 479
Phrases and Clauses in Sentences	p. 483
Phrases	p. 484
Clauses	p. 494
Conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs	p. 498
Sentence forms	p. 500
Sentence functions	p. 503
Sentence Fragments	p. 506
Recognizing sentence fragments	p. 506
Phrases as sentence fragments	p. 509
Dependent clauses as sentence fragments	p. 512
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences	p. 516
Punctuating independent clauses	p. 517
Methods for identifying comma splices and fused sentences	p. 519
Revising comma splices and fused sentences	p. 522
Divided quotations	p. 527
Modifiers	p. 529
Recognizing adjectives and adverbs	p. 529
Comparatives and superlatives	p. 534
Placement of modifiers	p. 538
Dangling modifiers	p. 541
Double negatives	p. 542
Pronouns	p. 545
Recognizing pronouns	p. 545
Pronoun case	p. 549
Pronoun-antecedent agreement	p. 556
Pronoun reference	p. 559
Verbs	p. 563
Verb forms	p. 563
Verb tenses	p. 573
Verb tense consistency	p. 585
Voice	p. 587
Mood	p. 591
Subject-verb agreement	p. 594
Effective Sentences
Sentence Unity	p. 608
Arranging details	p. 608
Including necessary words	p. 610
Revising mixed metaphors	p. 611
Relating sentence parts	p. 612
Completing comparisons	p. 615
Completing intensifiers	p. 616
Subordination and Coordination	p. 617
Using subordination	p. 617
Using coordination	p. 619
Avoiding faulty or excessive subordination and coordination	p. 621
Parallelism	p. 623
Recognizing parallel elements	p. 623
Repeating words and forms	p. 624
Linking two or more sentences	p. 625
Correlative conjunctions	p. 626
Emphasizing key ideas	p. 627
Emphasis	p. 629
Placement of words	p. 629
Cumulative and periodic sentences	p. 631
Ordering from least to most important	p. 631
Repeating important words	p. 632
Active and passive voice	p. 632
Inverting word order	p. 634
An occasional short sentence	p. 635
Variety	p. 637
Sentence length	p. 638
Sentence openings	p. 642
Questions, commands, and exclamations	p. 644
Usage
Good Usage	p. 649
Usage and the rhetorical situation	p. 649
Style	p. 650
Word choice	p. 651
Inclusive language	p. 652
Dictionaries	p. 658
Thesauruses	p. 662
Exactness	p. 663
Precise word choice	p. 663
Evocative language	p. 667
Idioms and collocations	p. 669
First and second person	p. 671
Clear definitions	p. 673
Conciseness	p. 679
Eliminating wordiness	p. 675
Unnecessary repetition	p. 679
Elliptical constructions	p. 680
Punctuation
The Comma	p. 683
Before a coordinating conjunction linking independent clauses	p. 684
After introductory words, phrases, or clauses	p. 685
Separating elements in a series	p. 688
With nonessential elements	p. 690
With geographical names and items in dates and addresses	p. 693
With direct quotations	p. 694
Unnecessary or misplaced commas	p. 695
The Semicolon	p. 697
Connecting independent clauses	p. 697
Separating elements that contain commas	p. 698
Revising common semicolon errors	p. 699
The Apostrophe	p. 701
Indicating ownership	p. 701
Marking omissions	p. 707
Forming certain plurals	p. 707
Quotation Marks	p. 710
Direct quotations	p. 710
Titles of short works	p. 712
For tone or unusual usage	p. 713
With other punctuation marks	p. 714
The Period and Other Punctuation Marks	p. 717
Period	p. 718
Question mark	p. 718
Exclamation point	p. 719
Colon	p. 720
The dash	p. 723
Parentheses	p. 724
Square brackets	p. 725
Ellipsis points	p. 726
Slash	p. 728
Mechanics
Spelling, the Spell Checker, and Hyphenation	p. 733
Spell checker	p. 733
Spelling and pronunciation	p. 734
Words that sound alike	p. 735
Prefixes and suffixes	p. 737
Confusion of ei and ie	p. 739
Hyphens	p. 740
Capitals	p. 744
Proper names	p. 745
Titles and subtitles	p. 749
Beginning a sentence	p. 750
Computer terms	p. 752
Unnecessary capitals	p. 753
Italics	p. 755
Works published separately	p. 756
Foreign words	p. 757
Legal cases	p. 758
Names of ships, aircraft, and so on	p. 758
Words, letters, or figures referred to as such	p. 758
Emphasizing words	p. 759
Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers	p. 761
Proper names	p. 761
Addresses in correspondence	p. 762
Abbreviations in source documentation	p. 763
Acceptable abbreviations	p. 764
Acronyms	p. 766
General uses of numbers	p. 767
Special uses of numbers	p. 768
Glossary of Usage	p. 773
Glossary of Terms	p. 791
Credits	p. 805
Index	p. 809
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