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Review of Medical Physiology

by: William F. Ganong; anong

Review of Medical Physiology

by: William F. Ganong; anong

ISBN 13:
9780838582527
ISBN 10:
0838582524
Edition: 19th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/01/1999
Publisher: Appleton
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Summary

The most comprehensive and up-to-date review of mammalian and human physiology. Examples from clinical medicine integrated throughout each chapter connect science with practice and illuminate important physiologic concepts. New and expanded coverage of vascular smooth muscle, gene expression, genetic basis of various diseases, obesity, regulation of insulin secretion, dyslexia, circadian rhythms, exercise tolerance, and more. Self-study section with 630 multiple choice questions - ideal for self-assessment and USMLE Step 1 review. More than 700 attractive and informative illustrations. Currently translated into 18 languages and endorsed by students and instructors around the world. Book jacket.

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
The General & Cellular Basis of Medical Physiology	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
General Principles	p. 1
Functional Morphology of the Cell	p. 8
Structure & Function of DNA & RNA	p. 18
Transport Across Cell Membranes	p. 28
The Capillary Wall	p. 36
Intercellular Communication	p. 36
Homeostasis	p. 49
Aging	p. 49
Section I References	p. 49
Physiology of Nerve & Muscle Cells	p. 51
Excitable Tissue: Nerve	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
Nerve Cells	p. 51
Excitation & Conduction	p. 54
Ionic Basis of Excitation & Conduction	p. 58
Properties of Mixed Nerves	p. 60
Nerve Fiber Types & Function	p. 60
Neurotrophins	p. 62
Neuroglia	p. 63
Excitable Tissue: Muscle	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Skeletal Muscle	p. 65
Cardiac Muscle	p. 78
Smooth Muscle	p. 82
Synaptic & Junctional Transmission	p. 86
Introduction	p. 86
Synaptic Transmission	p. 87
Neuromuscular Transmission	p. 118
Initiation of Impulses in Sense Organs	p. 122
Introduction	p. 122
Sense Organs & Receptors	p. 122
The Senses	p. 122
Generation of Impulses in Different Nerves	p. 124
"Coding" of Sensory Information	p. 125
Section II References	p. 128
Functions of the Nervous System	p. 129
Reflexes	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Monosynaptic Reflexes: The Stretch Reflex	p. 130
Polysynaptic Reflexes: The Withdrawal Reflex	p. 135
General Properties of Reflexes	p. 137
Cutaneous, Deep, & Visceral Sensation	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Pathways	p. 139
Touch	p. 142
Proprioception	p. 143
Temperature	p. 143
Pain	p. 143
Other Sensations	p. 148
Vision	p. 150
Introduction	p. 150
Anatomic Considerations	p. 150
The Image-Forming Mechanism	p. 155
The Photoreceptor Mechanism	p. 159
Responses in the Visual Pathways & Cortex	p. 163
Color Vision	p. 166
Other Aspects of Visual Function	p. 168
Eye Movements	p. 171
Hearing & Equilibrium	p. 173
Introduction	p. 173
Anatomic Considerations	p. 173
Hair Cells	p. 176
Hearing	p. 178
Vestibular Function	p. 186
Smell & Taste	p. 188
Introduction	p. 188
Smell	p. 188
Taste	p. 191
Receptor Organs & Pathways	p. 191
Alert Behavior, Sleep, & the Electrical Activity of the Brain	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
The Thalamus & the Cerebral Cortex	p. 195
The Reticular Formation & the Reticular Activating System	p. 195
Evoked Cortical Potentials	p. 196
The Electroencephalogram	p. 197
Physiologic Basis of the EEG, Consciousness, & Sleep	p. 199
Control of Posture & Movement	p. 205
Introduction	p. 205
General Principles	p. 205
Corticospinal & Corticobulbar System	p. 206
Cerebellum	p. 220
The Autonomic Nervous System	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Anatomic Organization of Autonomic Outflow	p. 226
Chemical Transmission at Autonomic Junctions	p. 228
Responses of Effector Organs to Autonomic Nerve Impulses	p. 231
Central Regulation of Visceral Function	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Medulla Oblongata	p. 235
Hypothalamus	p. 236
Relation to Cyclic Phenomena	p. 238
Hunger	p. 240
Thirst	p. 243
Control of Posterior Pituitary Secretion	p. 245
Control of Anterior Pituitary Secretion	p. 251
Temperature Regulation	p. 254
Neural Basis of Instinctual Behavior & Emotions	p. 260
Introduction	p. 260
Anatomic Considerations	p. 260
Limbic Functions	p. 260
Sexual Behavior	p. 261
Other Emotions	p. 263
Motivation & Addiction	p. 264
Brain Chemistry & Behavior	p. 266
"Higher Functions of the Nervous System": Conditioned Reflexes, Learning, & Related Phenomena	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Methods	p. 270
Learning & Memory	p. 270
Functions of the Neocortex	p. 276
Section III References	p. 280
Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Reproductive Function	p. 282
Energy Balance, Metabolism, & Nutrition	p. 282
Introduction	p. 282
Energy Metabolism	p. 282
Intermediary Metabolism	p. 285
Carbohydrate Metabolism	p. 289
Protein Metabolism	p. 295
Fat Metabolism	p. 302
Nutrition	p. 313
The Thyroid Gland	p. 320
Introduction	p. 320
Anatomic Considerations	p. 320
Formation & Secretion of Thyroid Hormones	p. 321
Transport & Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones	p. 324
Effects of Thyroid Hormones	p. 326
Regulation of Thyroid Secretion	p. 329
Clinical Correlates	p. 331
Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas & Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism	p. 336
Introduction	p. 336
Islet Cell Structure	p. 336
Structure, Biosynthesis, & Secretion of Insulin	p. 337
Fate of Secreted Insulin	p. 338
Effects of Insulin	p. 339
Mechanism of Action	p. 341
Consequences of Insulin Deficiency	p. 343
Insulin Excess	p. 347
Regulation of Insulin Secretion	p. 348
Glucagon	p. 351
Other Islet Cell Hormones	p. 354
Effects of Other Hormones & Exercise on Carbohydrate Metabolism	p. 355
Hypoglycemia & Diabetes Mellitus in Humans	p. 356
The Adrenal Medulla & Adrenal Cortex	p. 359
Introduction	p. 359
Adrenal Morphology	p. 359
Adrenal Medulla	p. 361
Adrenal Cortex	p. 364
Physiologic Effects of Glucocorticoids	p. 372
Pharmacologic & Pathologic Effects of Glucocorticoids	p. 374
Regulation of Glucocorticoid Secretion	p. 375
Effects of Mineralocorticoids	p. 378
Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion	p. 381
Role of Mineralocorticoids in the Regulation of Salt Balance	p. 383
Summary of the Effects of Adrenocortical Hyper- & Hypofunction in Humans	p. 383
Hormonal Control of Calcium Metabolism & the Physiology of Bone	p. 385
Introduction	p. 385
Calcium & Phosphorus Metabolism	p. 385
Bone Physiology	p. 387
Vitamin D & the Hydroxycholecalciferols	p. 390
The Parathyroid Glands	p. 393
Calcitonin	p. 396
Effects of Other Hormones & Humoral Agents on Calcium Metabolism	p. 398
The Pituitary Gland	p. 399
Introduction	p. 399
Morphology	p. 400
Intermediate-Lobe Hormones	p. 401
Growth Hormone	p. 402
Physiology of Growth	p. 409
Pituitary Insufficiency	p. 412
Pituitary Hyperfunction in Humans	p. 413
The Gonads: Development & Function of the Reproductive System	p. 415
Introduction	p. 415
Sex Differentiation & Development	p. 415
Pituitary Gonadotropins & Prolactin	p. 425
The Male Reproductive System	p. 428
The Female Reproductive System	p. 437
Pregnancy	p. 452
Lactation	p. 455
Endocrine Functions of the Kidneys, Heart, & Pineal Gland	p. 458
Introduction	p. 458
The Renin-Angiotensin System	p. 458
Erythropoietin	p. 463
Hormones of the Heart & Other Natriuretic Factors	p. 464
Pineal Gland	p. 467
Section IV References	p. 469
Gastrointestinal Function	p. 471
Digestion & Absorption	p. 471
Introduction	p. 471
Carbohydrates	p. 471
Proteins & Nucleic Acids	p. 475
Lipids	p. 477
Absorption of Water & Electrolytes	p. 479
Absorption of Vitamins & Minerals	p. 481
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function	p. 483
Introduction	p. 483
General Considerations	p. 483
Gastrointestinal Hormones	p. 486
Mouth & Esophagus	p. 492
Stomach	p. 495
Exocrine Portion of the Pancreas	p. 501
Liver & Biliary System	p. 502
Small Intestine	p. 508
Colon	p. 512
Section V References	p. 516
Circulation	p. 517
Circulating Body Fluids	p. 517
Introduction	p. 517
Blood	p. 517
Lymph	p. 548
Origin of the Heartbeat & the Electrical Activity of the Heart	p. 549
Introduction	p. 549
Origin & Spread of Cardiac Excitation	p. 550
The Electrocardiogram	p. 552
Cardiac Arrhythmias	p. 556
Electrocardiographic Findings in Other Cardiac & Systemic Diseases	p. 563
The Heart as a Pump	p. 567
Introduction	p. 567
Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle	p. 567
Cardiac Output	p. 572
Dynamics of Blood & Lymph Flow	p. 579
Introduction	p. 579
Functional Morphology	p. 579
Biophysical Considerations	p. 584
Arterial & Arteriolar Circulation	p. 589
Capillary Circulation	p. 593
Lymphatic Circulation & Interstitial Fluid Volume	p. 595
Venous Circulation	p. 596
Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms	p. 599
Introduction	p. 599
Local Regulation	p. 599
Substances Secreted by the Endothelium	p. 600
Systemic Regulation by Hormones	p. 603
Systemic Regulation by the Nervous System	p. 604
Circulation Through Special Regions	p. 614
Introduction	p. 614
Cerebral Circulation	p. 614
Coronary Circulation	p. 623
Splanchnic Circulation	p. 627
Cutaneous Circulation	p. 628
Placental & Fetal Circulation	p. 630
Cardiovascular Homeostasis in Health & Disease	p. 633
Introduction	p. 633
Compensations for Gravitational Effects	p. 633
Exercise	p. 635
Inflammation & Wound Healing	p. 638
Shock	p. 639
Hypertension	p. 644
Heart Failure	p. 646
Section VI References	p. 648
Respiration	p. 649
Pulmonary Function	p. 649
Introduction	p. 649
Properties of Gases	p. 649
Anatomy of the Lungs	p. 650
Mechanics of Respiration	p. 651
Gas Exchange in the Lungs	p. 662
Pulmonary Circulation	p. 664
Other Functions of the Respiratory System	p. 666
Gas Transport Between the Lungs & the Tissues	p. 669
Introduction	p. 669
Oxygen Transport	p. 669
Carbon Dioxide Transport	p. 672
Regulation of Respiration	p. 675
Introduction	p. 675
Neural Control of Breathing	p. 675
Regulation of Respiratory Activity	p. 676
Chemical Control of Breathing	p. 676
Nonchemical Influences on Respiration	p. 682
Respiratory Adjustments in Health & Disease	p. 685
Introduction	p. 685
Effects of Exercise	p. 685
Hypoxia	p. 687
Hypoxic Hypoxia	p. 688
Other Forms of Hypoxia	p. 694
Oxygen Treatment	p. 695
Hypercapnia & Hypocapnia	p. 696
Other Respiratory Abnormalities	p. 696
Diseases Affecting the Pulmonary Circulation	p. 698
Effects of Increased Barometric Pressure	p. 698
Artificial Respiration	p. 699
Section VII References	p. 700
Formation & Excretion of Urine	p. 702
Renal Function & Micturition	p. 702
Introduction	p. 702
Functional Anatomy	p. 702
Renal Circulation	p. 706
Glomerular Filtration	p. 709
Tubular Function	p. 711
Water Excretion	p. 717
Acidification of the Urine & Bicarbonate Excretion	p. 723
Regulation of Na[superscript +] & Cl[superscript -] Excretion	p. 726
Regulation of K[superscript +] Excretion	p. 727
Diuretics	p. 728
Effects of Disordered Renal Function	p. 729
Filling of the Bladder	p. 730
Emptying of the Bladder	p. 730
Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Composition & Volume	p. 733
Introduction	p. 733
Defense of Tonicity	p. 733
Defense of Volume	p. 733
Defense of Specific Ionic Composition	p. 734
Defense of H[superscript +] Concentration	p. 734
Section VIII References	p. 742
Self-Study: Objectives, Essay Questions, & Multiple-Choice Questions (black edges)	p. 743
Answers to Quantitative & Multiple-Choice Questions (black edges)	p. 810
Appendix	p. 813
General References	p. 813
Normal Values & the Statistical Evaluation of Data	p. 813
Abbreviations & Symbols Commonly Used in Physiology	p. 816
Some Standard Respiratory Symbols	p. 823
Equivalents of Metric, United States, & English Measures	p. 823
Greek Alphabet	p. 824
Index	p. 825
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Review of Medical Physiology

Review of Medical Physiology

9780838582527

0838582524

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Review of Medical Physiology

Review of Medical Physiology

9780838582527

0838582524

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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