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| Preface | p. xv |
| Health Education, Health Promotion, Health Educators, and Program Planning | p. 1 |
| Health Education and Health Promotion | p. 3 |
| Health Educators | p. 5 |
| Assumptions of Health Promotion | p. 9 |
| Program Planning | p. 10 |
| Summary | p. 10 |
| Review Questions | p. 10 |
| Activities | p. 11 |
| Weblinks | p. 11 |
| ... MORE | |
| Models for Program Planning in Health Promotion | p. 15 |
| Precede-Proceed | p. 17 |
| The Nine Phases of PRECEDE-PROCEED | p. 18 |
| Applying PRECEDE-PROCEED | p. 20 |
| Match | p. 22 |
| The Phases and Steps of MATCH | p. 22 |
| Applying MATCH | p. 25 |
| Consumer-Based Planning | p. 27 |
| Health Communication | p. 28 |
| Social Marketing | p. 29 |
| CDCynergy | p. 30 |
| SMART | p. 36 |
| Other Planning Models | p. 41 |
| A Systematic Approach to Health Promotion (Healthy People 2010) | p. 41 |
| Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) | p. 42 |
| Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEX-PH) | p. 43 |
| SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) Analysis | p. 44 |
| Healthy Communities | p. 45 |
| The Health Communication Model (National Cancer Institute) | p. 46 |
| Healthy Plan-IT (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) | p. 47 |
| Still Other Planning Models | p. 50 |
| Summary | p. 50 |
| Review Questions | p. 51 |
| Activities | p. 51 |
| Weblinks | p. 52 |
| Starting the Planning Process | p. 53 |
| Gaining Support of Decision Makers | p. 54 |
| Creating a Rationale | p. 60 |
| Identifying a Planning Committee | p. 63 |
| Parameters for Planning | p. 65 |
| Summary | p. 65 |
| Review Questions | p. 66 |
| Activities | p. 66 |
| Weblinks | p. 71 |
| Assessing Needs | p. 72 |
| What Is a Needs Assessment? | p. 73 |
| Acquiring Needs Assessment Data | p. 74 |
| Sources of Primary Data | p. 74 |
| Sources of Secondary Data | p. 79 |
| Steps for Conducting a Literature Search | p. 83 |
| Conducting a Needs Assessment | p. 88 |
| Determining the Purpose and Scope of the Needs Assessment | p. 88 |
| Gathering Data | p. 89 |
| Analyzing the Data | p. 91 |
| Identifying the Factors Linked to the Health Problem | p. 94 |
| Identifying the Program Focus | p. 94 |
| Validating the Prioritized Needs | p. 95 |
| Summary | p. 95 |
| Review Questions | p. 96 |
| Activities | p. 96 |
| Weblinks | p. 97 |
| Measurement, Measures, Data Collection, and Sampling | p. 98 |
| Measurement | p. 99 |
| Levels of Measurement | p. 100 |
| Types of Measures | p. 101 |
| Desirable Characteristics of Data | p. 101 |
| Reliability | p. 102 |
| Validity | p. 103 |
| Unbiased | p. 105 |
| Culturally Appropriate | p. 105 |
| Methods of Data Collection | p. 106 |
| Self-Report | p. 106 |
| Observation | p. 114 |
| Existing Records | p. 115 |
| Meetings | p. 116 |
| Sampling | p. 116 |
| Probability Sample | p. 118 |
| Nonprobability Sample | p. 121 |
| Sample Size | p. 122 |
| Pilot Test | p. 123 |
| Ethical Issues Associated with Data Collection | p. 124 |
| Summary | p. 124 |
| Review Questions | p. 125 |
| Activities | p. 125 |
| Weblinks | p. 126 |
| Mission Statement, Goals, and Objectives | p. 127 |
| Mission Statement | p. 128 |
| Program Goals | p. 129 |
| Objectives | p. 130 |
| Different Levels of Objectives | p. 130 |
| Developing Objectives | p. 132 |
| Criteria for Developing Objectives | p. 132 |
| Elements of an Objective | p. 133 |
| Goals and Objectives for the Nation | p. 135 |
| Summary | p. 141 |
| Review Questions | p. 141 |
| Activities | p. 141 |
| Weblinks | p. 142 |
| Theories and Models Commonly Used for Health Promotion Interventions | p. 143 |
| Types of Theories and Models | p. 147 |
| Behavior Change Theories | p. 147 |
| Stimulus Response (SR) Theory | p. 147 |
| Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) | p. 149 |
| Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) | p. 152 |
| Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) | p. 154 |
| Theory of Freeing (TF) | p. 155 |
| Health Belief Model (HBM) | p. 156 |
| The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM) | p. 158 |
| Stage Theories | p. 161 |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Model of the Relapse Process | p. 167 |
| Applying Theory to Practice | p. 169 |
| Barriers to Applying Theory | p. 169 |
| Suggestions for Applying Theory to Practice | p. 171 |
| Summary | p. 176 |
| Review Questions | p. 176 |
| Activities | p. 176 |
| Weblinks | p. 177 |
| Interventions | p. 178 |
| Types of Intervention Strategies | p. 179 |
| Health Communication Strategies | p. 180 |
| Health Education Strategies | p. 183 |
| Health Policy/Enforcement Strategies | p. 183 |
| Health Engineering Strategies | p. 189 |
| Health-Related Community Service Strategies | p. 190 |
| Community Mobilization Strategies | p. 190 |
| Other Strategies | p. 193 |
| Creating Health Promotion Interventions | p. 200 |
| Criteria and Guidelines for Developing Health Promotion Interventions | p. 200 |
| Designing Appropriate Interventions | p. 201 |
| Summary | p. 205 |
| Review Questions | p. 206 |
| Activities | p. 206 |
| Weblinks | p. 206 |
| Implementing a Health Promotion Program | |
| Community Organizing and Community Building | p. 211 |
| Community Organizing and Its Assumptions | p. 212 |
| The Processes of Community Organizing and Community Building | p. 213 |
| Recognizing the Issue | p. 217 |
| Gaining Entry into the Community | p. 217 |
| Organizing the People | p. 218 |
| Assessing the Community | p. 221 |
| Determining Priorities and Setting Goals | p. 223 |
| Arriving at a Solution and Selecting Intervention Strategies | p. 226 |
| Final Steps in the Community Organizing and Building Processes | p. 227 |
| Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) | p. 227 |
| Summary | p. 228 |
| Review Questions | p. 228 |
| Activities | p. 229 |
| Weblinks | p. 229 |
| Identification and Allocation of Resources | p. 231 |
| Personnel | p. 232 |
| Internal Resources | p. 232 |
| External Resources | p. 233 |
| Combined Resources | p. 233 |
| Curricula and Other Instructional Resources | p. 237 |
| Space | p. 241 |
| Equipment and Supplies | p. 241 |
| Financial Resources | p. 241 |
| Participant Fee | p. 242 |
| Third-Party Support | p. 242 |
| Cost Sharing | p. 243 |
| Organizational Sponsorship | p. 243 |
| Grants and Gifts | p. 243 |
| A Combination of Sources | p. 247 |
| Preparing a Budget | p. 247 |
| Summary | p. 247 |
| Review Questions | p. 247 |
| Activities | p. 248 |
| Weblinks | p. 248 |
| Marketing: Making Sure Programs Respond to Wants and Needs of Consumers | p. 251 |
| Market and Marketing | p. 252 |
| Marketing and the Diffusion Theory | p. 253 |
| The Marketing Process and Health Promotion Programs | p. 257 |
| Using Marketing Research to Determine Needs and Desires | p. 257 |
| Developing a Product That Satisfies the Needs and Desires of Clients | p. 258 |
| Developing Informative and Persuasive Communication Flows | p. 261 |
| Ensuring That the Product Is Provided in an Appropriate Manner | p. 262 |
| Keeping Clients Satisfied and Loyal | p. 267 |
| Final Comment on Marketing | p. 270 |
| Summary | p. 270 |
| Review Questions | p. 270 |
| Activities | p. 271 |
| Weblinks | p. 271 |
| Implementation: Strategies and Associated Concerns | p. 273 |
| Defining Implementation | p. 274 |
| Phases of Program Implementation | p. 274 |
| Adoption of the Program | p. 274 |
| Identifying and Prioritizing the Tasks to be Completed | p. 274 |
| Establishing a System of Management | p. 277 |
| Putting Plans into Action | p. 277 |
| First Day of Implementation | p. 279 |
| Ending or Sustaining a Program | p. 281 |
| Concerns Associated with Implementation | p. 281 |
| Legal Concerns | p. 281 |
| Medical Concerns | p. 283 |
| Program Safety | p. 283 |
| Program Registration and Fee Collection | p. 283 |
| Procedures for Recordkeeping | p. 283 |
| Moral and Ethical Concerns | p. 284 |
| Procedural Manual and/or Participants' Manual | p. 286 |
| Training for Facilitators | p. 286 |
| Dealing with Problems | p. 286 |
| Reporting and Documenting | p. 286 |
| Summary | p. 287 |
| Review Questions | p. 287 |
| Activities | p. 287 |
| Weblinks | p. 288 |
| Evaluating a Health Promotion Program | |
| Evaluation: An Overview | p. 291 |
| Basic Terminology | p. 294 |
| Purpose for Evaluation | p. 295 |
| The Process for Evaluation | p. 296 |
| Practical Problems or Barriers in Evaluation | p. 297 |
| Evaluation in the Program-Planning Stages | p. 298 |
| Who Will Conduct the Evaluation? | p. 299 |
| Evaluation Results | p. 301 |
| Summary | p. 301 |
| Review Questions | p. 301 |
| Activities | p. 302 |
| Weblinks | p. 302 |
| Evaluation Approaches, Framework, and Designs | p. 304 |
| Evaluation Approaches | p. 305 |
| Systems Analysis Approaches | p. 305 |
| Objective-Oriented Approaches | p. 306 |
| Goal-Free Approach | p. 308 |
| Management-Oriented Approaches | p. 308 |
| Consumer-Oriented Approaches | p. 309 |
| Expertise-Oriented Approaches | p. 310 |
| Participant-Oriented Approaches | p. 311 |
| Framework for Program Evaluation | p. 313 |
| Selecting an Evaluation Design | p. 315 |
| Experimental, Control, and Comparison Groups | p. 319 |
| Evaluation Designs | p. 320 |
| Internal Validity | p. 322 |
| External Validity | p. 324 |
| Summary | p. 325 |
| Review Questions | p. 325 |
| Activities | p. 326 |
| Weblinks | p. 326 |
| Data Analysis and Reporting | p. 328 |
| Data Management | p. 329 |
| Data Analysis | p. 330 |
| Univariate Data Analyses | p. 331 |
| Bivariate Data Analyses | p. 333 |
| Multivariate Data Analyses | p. 334 |
| Applications of Data Analyses | p. 334 |
| Interpreting the Data | p. 336 |
| Evaluation Reporting | p. 337 |
| Designing the Written Report | p. 338 |
| Presenting the Data | p. 340 |
| How and When to Present the Report | p. 340 |
| Increasing Utilization of the Results | p. 340 |
| Summary | p. 342 |
| Review Questions | p. 342 |
| Activities | p. 342 |
| Weblinks | p. 343 |
| Appendixes | p. 345 |
| Examples of a News Release and Copy for a Newspaper Column | p. 347 |
| Examples of PSAs for Radio and Television | p. 349 |
| Examples of Smoking Policies | p. 351 |
| Health Behavior Contract | p. 354 |
| Example of an Informed Consent Form for a Cholesterol Screening Program | p. 356 |
| Sample Medical Clearance Form | p. 357 |
| Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession | p. 358 |
| Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness as a Part of the Evaluation of Health Promotion Programs | p. 362 |
| References | p. 372 |
| Name Index | p. 393 |
| Subject Index | p. 402 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |