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Basic Allied Health Statistics and Analysis

ISBN: 9780766810921 | 0766810925
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning
Pub. Date: 11/23/1999

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SummaryTable of Contents
This comprehensive text uses a discussion and problem-solving format to introduce learners to the computational skills required in the health care field. The hands-on approach challenges learners to think through a problem and choose the appropriate data, helping them to understand its underlying concepts. It also stresses the importance of evaluating the source of the data and how the rates are obtained. The second edition includes a chapter on computerized rates and graphing. This introductory text teaches allied health students the computati... MORE
Prefaceix
Reporting Statistical Data
1(12)
Introduction
2(1)
... MOREStatistics and Data
2(1)
Scope of Book
3(1)
Statistical Data Terms and Definitions
3(4)
Population vs. Sample
3(1)
Constant vs. Variable
4(1)
Nominal vs. Ordinal Data
4(1)
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Variables
5(1)
Discrete vs. Continuous Data
5(1)
Ungrouped vs. Grouped Data
5(1)
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics
6(1)
Morbidity vs. Mortality
6(1)
Demographic Variables
6(1)
Vital Statistics
6(1)
Computerized Data
7(1)
Use
7(1)
Accuracy
7(1)
Patient Data Collection
7(1)
Types of Data Collected
7(1)
Abbreviations
8(2)
Patient Care
8(1)
Statistical
9(1)
Clinical Units (Some of the More Common Designations)
9(1)
Non-Official Abbreviations
9(1)
Uses of Data
10(1)
Summary
10(1)
Chapter 1 Test
11(2)
Mathematical Review
13(11)
Fractions
14(1)
Numerator
14(1)
Denominator
14(1)
Quotient
14(1)
Decimals
15(1)
Percentages
15(1)
Rates
15(1)
Ratio/Proportion
16(1)
Averaging
16(1)
Rounding Data
17(2)
Conversion to Another Form
19(2)
Fraction to Percentage
19(1)
Ratio to Percentage
19(1)
Decimal to Percentage
19(1)
Percentage to Decimal
20(1)
Percentage to Fraction
20(1)
Computing with a Percentage
21(1)
Summary
21(1)
Chapter 2 Test
22(2)
Health Care Overview And Statistical Data Collection
24(16)
Health Care Overview
26(8)
Health Care Facilities/Health Care
26(1)
Hospital (Acute Care) (Short Term Care)
26(1)
Long Term Care Facility (LTC); Extended Care Facility (ECF); Nursing Home (NH)
26(1)
Specialized Facilities
26(1)
Outpatient (OP) Care
27(1)
Terms
27(1)
Ambulatory Care
28(1)
Home Care
28(1)
Hospice Care
28(1)
Respite Care
28(1)
Payers (Payment Providers)
29(1)
Insurance Carriers
29(1)
PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)
29(1)
HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)
29(1)
Self-Pay
29(1)
Bed/Bassinet Classification
29(1)
Beds
29(1)
Beds by Age Classification
30(1)
Other Beds
30(1)
Bassinets
30(1)
Medical Care/Medical Staff/Medical Service Units
31(1)
Medical Care Unit
31(1)
Medical Staff/Service Unit
31(2)
Basic Service Classifications
33(1)
Expanded Medical Care/Staff/Service Units
32(1)
Assigning Service Classification
32(1)
Transfers
33(1)
Intrahospital Transfer
33(1)
Discharge Transfer
33(1)
Additional Discharge Options
33(1)
Statistical Data
34(6)
Data Collection
34(1)
When Collection Takes Place
34(1)
Recording Data
34(1)
Amount of Data Collection
34(1)
Sources of Statistical Data
35(1)
Medical Record
35(1)
Abstracts
35(1)
Ancillary/Additional Reports
35(1)
Admission, Transfer, Census and Discharge Lists
35(1)
Incident Reports
35(1)
Requestors of Data
36(1)
Administration and Governing Board
36(1)
Medical Staff
36(1)
Outside Agencies
36(1)
Other Organizations
36(1)
Vital Statistics
36(1)
Birth Certificate
37(1)
Death Certificate
37(1)
Fetal Death Certificate
37(1)
Summary
37(1)
Chapter 3 Test
38(2)
Census
40(19)
Census Collection and Terms
41(10)
Census
41(1)
Inpatient Census
41(1)
Hospital Patients
41(1)
Inpatients
41(1)
Outpatients
41(1)
Hospital Departments
42(1)
Hospital Units and Services
42(1)
Census Taking
42(2)
Admitted and Discharged the Same Day (A&D)
44(1)
Census/Inpatient Census
44(1)
Daily Inpatient Census (DIPC)
44(1)
Inpatient Service Day (IPSD)
44(1)
Unit of Measure vs. Totals
45(1)
Synonymous Figures
45(1)
Watch Out
46(1)
Total Inpatient Service Days
46(1)
Daily Recording-Recording of Daily Inpatient Census (DIPC) and Inpatient Service Days (IPSD)
46(1)
Example
46(1)
Deaths/Discharges
46(1)
Included
46(1)
Not Included
47(1)
Census Calculation Tips
47(1)
Beds/Bassinets
48(1)
Inpatient Classification Categories
48(1)
Beds
48(1)
Bassinets
48(1)
Adults and Children (A&C)
48(1)
Newborns (NB)
48(3)
Average Census
51(3)
Average Daily Inpatient Census (Average Daily Census)
51(1)
Explanation
51(1)
Separate A&C/NB Data
51(1)
Days in Month
51(1)
Leap Year
52(1)
Rounding
52(1)
Logical Answers
52(1)
Other Formulae for Census Averages
52(1)
A&C
52(1)
NB
52(1)
Clinical Unit
53(1)
Example
53(1)
Summary
54(1)
Chapter 4 Test
55(4)
Percentage of Occupancy
59(19)
Bed/Bassinet Count Terms
60(1)
Inpatient Bed Count or Bed Complement
60(1)
Newborn Bassinet Count
60(1)
Rate Formula
60(1)
Beds
61(1)
Unit vs. Totals
61(1)
Excluded Beds
61(1)
Disaster Beds
61(1)
Bed/Bassinet Count Day Terms
62(1)
Inpatient Bed Count Day
62(1)
Inpatient Bassinet Count Day
62(1)
Inpatient Bed Count Days (Total)
62(1)
Occupancy Ratio/Percentage
62(2)
Adults and Children (A&C)
62(1)
Inpatient Bed Occupancy Ratio
62(1)
Formula: Daily Inpatient Bed Occupancy Percentage
62(1)
Example
62(1)
Explanation
62(1)
All Beds Occupied
63(1)
Disaster Beds and Occupancy Rates
63(1)
Normal Occupancy Percentage
63(1)
Newborn (NB)
63(1)
Formula: Daily Newborn Bassinet Occupancy Percentage
63(1)
Example
64(1)
Occupancy Percentage for a Period
64(3)
Bed (A & C)
64(1)
Newborn (NB)
65(1)
Clinical Unit
65(2)
Change in Bed Count During a Period
67(3)
Summary
70(1)
Chapter 5 Test
71(7)
Mortality (Death) Rates
78(28)
Terms
79(2)
Mortality
79(1)
Discharge
79(1)
Death
80(1)
Inpatient Death
80(1)
Newborn Death
80(1)
Outpatient Death
80(1)
Hospital Fetal Death (Abortion/Stillborn Infants)
80(1)
Net vs. Gross
80(1)
Death Rates
81(7)
Helpful Hints
81(1)
Gross Death Rate
81(1)
Net Death Rate or Institutional Death Rate
82(1)
Newborn Death Rate (Infant Death Rate or Infant Mortality Rate)
83(2)
Surgical Death Rates
85(1)
Postoperative Death Rate
85(2)
Anesthesia Death Rate
87(1)
Obstetrical: Terms/Classifications/Death Rates
88(11)
Terms
88(1)
Delivery/Delivered
88(1)
Undelivered
88(1)
Puerperium
89(1)
Infant/Infant Death
89(1)
Maternal Death/Obstetrical Death
89(1)
Abortion
89(1)
Stillborn
89(1)
Hospital Fetal Death
90(1)
Partum
90(1)
Neonate/Neonatal
90(1)
Perinatal Period/Perinatal Death
90(1)
Postnatal/Post Neonatal
90(1)
Pregnancy Termination
90(1)
Induced Termination of Pregnancy
90(1)
Classifications
91(1)
Newborn Birth Data Classification
91(1)
Neonatal Periods
91(1)
Fetal Death Classification
91(1)
Death Rates
92(1)
Maternal
92(1)
Fetal Death Rate (Stillborn Rate)
93(1)
Included in Fetal Death Rates
93(1)
Fetal Death Rate (Stillborn Rate)
94(1)
Vital Statistics Rates
95(1)
Maternal Mortality Rate
95(1)
Infant Mortality Rate
96(1)
Neonatal Mortality Rate
96(1)
Perinatal Mortality Rate
97(1)
Post Neonatal Mortality Rate
97(1)
Fetal Death Rate
97(2)
Induced Termination of Pregnancy Rates
99(1)
Summary
99(1)
Chapter 6 Test
100(6)
Autopsy Rates
106(18)
Terms
107(1)
Outpatients
107(1)
Autopsy
107(1)
Coroner
107(1)
Hospital Autopsy
107(1)
Medical Examiner
107(1)
Inpatients
107(1)
Coroner's Cases
108(1)
Additional Autopsy information
109(2)
Who Performs an Autopsy
109(1)
Where the Autopsy Is Performed
109(1)
Deaths Autopsied
109(1)
Inpatients
109(1)
Outpatients
109(1)
Fetal Deaths
109(1)
Coroner's Cases
109(1)
Report Requirements
109(1)
Consent
110(1)
Combining A&C and NB
110(1)
Autopsy Rates
111(9)
Gross Autopsy Rate
111(2)
Net Autopsy Rate
113(2)
Hospital Autopsy Rate (Adjusted)
115(3)
Newborn Autopsy Rate
118(1)
Fetal Autopsy Rate
119(1)
Summary
120(1)
Chapter 7 Test
120(4)
Length of Stay/Discharge Days
124(15)
Terms
125(1)
Length of Stay (LOS) (For One Inpatient)
125(1)
Total Length of Stay (For AN Inpatients)
125(1)
Discharge Days (DD)
125(1)
Average Length of Stay (ALOS)
125(1)
Calculating Length of Stay
125(2)
General
125(1)
A&D Same Day
126(1)
Admitted One Day and Discharged the Next
126(1)
Longer Stays
126(1)
Total Length of Stay
127(2)
Importance of Discharge Days
127(1)
Totaling
128(1)
Average Length of Stay
129(5)
Adults and Children (A&C)
129(3)
Newborn (NB)
132(2)
Day on Leave of Absence
134(1)
Summary
135(1)
Chapter 8 Test
135(4)
Miscellaneous Rates
139(32)
Rates
140(15)
Cesarean Section Rate
140(1)
Delivery
140(1)
Not Delivered
140(1)
Cesarean Section Rate
140(3)
Consultation Rate
143(1)
Morbidity Rates
144(1)
Prevalence
145(1)
Incidence
146(1)
Complications and Complication Rates
146(1)
Case Fatality Rate
146(1)
Infection Rates
147(1)
Hospital Infection Rate (Nosocomial Rate)
147(2)
Postoperative Infection Rate
149(4)
Bed Turnover Rate
153(1)
Direct Bed Turnover Rate
154(1)
Indirect Bed Turnover Rate
154(1)
Bassinet Turnover Rate
154(1)
Usefulness of Turnover Rates
154(1)
Summary
155(1)
Chapter 9 Test
156(15)
Unit 1 Exam-Chapters 4 Through 9
Frequency Distribution
171(14)
Introduction
172(1)
Ungrouped Frequency Distribution
172(1)
Grouped Frequency Distribution
172(1)
Purpose of a Grouped Frequency Distribution
173(1)
Bring Order to Chaos
173(1)
Condense Data to a More Readily Grouped Form
173(1)
Arranging Scores
173(1)
Terms Related To a Frequency Distribution
173(4)
Range
174(1)
Class
174(1)
Class Interval
174(1)
Class Limits (Score Limits)
175(1)
Class Boundaries
175(1)
Class Size/Class Width
175(1)
Frequency
176(1)
Cumulative Frequency
176(1)
Creating a Frequency Distribution
177(4)
Determine High and Low Scores
177(1)
Arrange Scores in Descending or Ascending Order (This Step Is Not Necessary but Is Extremely Helpful)
177(1)
Determine Range
177(1)
Determine the Number of Class Intervals
177(1)
Set Class/Score Limits
178(1)
Suggested Methods
178(1)
Departures from Convention
178(1)
Rules for Subsequent Computations
178(3)
Summary
181(1)
Chapter 10 Test
182(3)
Measures Of Central Tendency
185(15)
Mean
186(2)
Arithmetic Mean
186(1)
Weighted Mean
186(1)
Mean Computed from Grouped Data
187(1)
Median
188(1)
Mode
188(1)
Curves of a Frequency Distribution
189(5)
Bilaterally Symmetrical Curves
189(1)
Measures of Variability
189(1)
Bell-Shaped Curve
189(1)
Other Symmetrical Curves
190(1)
Skewed Curves
190(1)
Skewed to the Right (Positive Skewness)
190(1)
Skewed to the Left (Negative Skewness)
191(1)
Effect of Skewness on Measures of Central Tendency
191(1)
Reporting Measures of Central Tendency from a Skewed Distribution
192(1)
Suggestions for Reporting Averages
192(1)
Additional Points
193(1)
Other Curves
193(1)
J-Shaped
193(1)
Reversed J-Shaped
193(1)
U-Shaped
193(1)
Bimodal
193(1)
Multimodal
193(1)
Ranks/Quartiles/Deciles/Centiles/ Percentiles
194(3)
Terms
194(1)
Rank
194(1)
Quartiles
194(1)
Deciles
194(1)
Centiles/Percentiles
194(1)
Percentile Rank
194(1)
Percentile Score
195(1)
Percentages/Percentiles
195(1)
Importance of Percentiles
195(1)
Weakness of Percentiles
195(1)
Cumulative Frequency Related to Percentiles
195(1)
Computing Any Given Percentile
195(2)
Summary
197(1)
Chapter 11 Test
197(3)
Data Presentation
200(29)
Tables
201(5)
Basic Table Format
201(1)
Table Elements
202(1)
Designing a Table
202(1)
Examples
203(3)
Plotting a Frequency Distribution
206(1)
Axes
206(1)
Vertical Scale
206(1)
Scale Proportion
207(1)
Graphic Presentation
207(17)
General Rules
207(1)
Types of Graphs
207(1)
Statistical Graphs or Graphs of Continuous Data
208(1)
Construction of a Histogram
208(2)
Summary for Constructing a Histogram
210(1)
Variations in Histogram Construction
211(1)
Frequency Polygon
212(1)
Advantage of Frequency Polygon
212(1)
When to Use
212(1)
Construction of a Frequency Polygon
212(1)
Histogram and Frequency Polygon-Additional Information
213(1)
Comparisons
213(1)
Supplementary Suggestions for Construction
213(1)
Superimposing Figures
213(2)
Graphing Other Data
215(1)
Bar Graph
215(2)
Line Graph
217(1)
Pie Graph/Pie Chart
218(1)
Pictograph/Pictogram
219(1)
Comparison Graph:
220(1)
Bar Graphs
221(2)
Line Graphs
223(1)
Summary
224(1)
Chapter 12 Test
225(4)
Data Presentation Via Computer Technology
229(25)
Tables
231(2)
Setting up Tables
231(1)
Table Header
231(1)
Category and Series Labels
231(1)
Table Contents
232(1)
Data Alignment
232(1)
Data Presentation in Charts and Graphs
233(1)
Chart
233(1)
Graph
233(1)
Anatomy of a Chart/Graph
234(1)
Charts
234(9)
Bar Chart
234(1)
Simple Bar Chart
234(1)
Bar vs. Column Chart
235(1)
Additional Bar Charts
236(1)
Multiple Bar Charts
236(2)
Stack Bar Chart
238(1)
Percent Stack Bar Chart
239(1)
Guidelines for Constructing a Bar Chart
240(1)
Pie Chart
240(1)
Line Chart
240(2)
Guidelines for Constructing a Line Chart
242(1)
Graphs (Statistical)
243(2)
Line Graphs
243(1)
Histogram
243(1)
Frequency Polygon
243(2)
Summary
245(1)
Chapter 13 Test
245(9)
Unit II Exam-Chapters 10 Through 13
248(6)
APPENDICES254(18)
I. Definitions
254(5)
A. Patient Terms
254(1)
B. Inpatient Terms
254(1)
C. Census-Related Terms
255(1)
D. Bed/Bassinet Count Terms
255(1)
E. Occupancy Terms
256(1)
F. Death-Related Terms
256(1)
G. Autopsy Terms
256(1)
H. Length of Stay/Discharge Day Terms
257(1)
I. OB/Maternal Terms
257(1)
J. Newborn Terms
258(1)
K. Miscellaneous Terms
258(1)
II. Formulae
259(5)
A. Census Formulae
259(1)
B. Rate Formula
259(1)
C. Occupancy Formulae
260(1)
D. Death Rates
260(1)
1. General
260(1)
2. Surgical Death Rates
260(1)
3. Maternal/Fetal Death Rates
261(1)
E. Autopsy Rates
261(1)
F. Other Rates
261(1)
G. Length of Stay
262(1)
H. Vital Statistics Mortality Rates
262(1)
I. Induced Termination of Pregnancy Rates
263(1)
J. Miscellaneous Rates
263(1)
III. Abbreviations
264(2)
IV. Answers to the Self-Tests
266(6)
References272(1)
Index273

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