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The Challenge Of Effective Speaking with InfoTrac

ISBN: 9780534646974 | 0534646972
Edition: 13th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 2/8/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
THE CHALLENGE OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING is a classic in the field. Written by true teachers of public speaking who have been in the classroom for many years and who have adapted their methods to best meet the needs of their changing student body, this Thirteenth Edition stays true to what has made it a market-leading text for hundreds of thousands of students. THE CHALLENGE OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING presents the speechmaking process in a six-step framework based on classical and contemporary theory. The straightforward writing style and effective use o... MORE
Prefacexiv
Part One Orientation
Introduction to Public Speaking
1(12)
Public Speaking Is an... MORE
2(4)
Audience
3(1)
Context
4(1)
Speaker
5(1)
Speech Planning Process
5(1)
Speech Making Process
5(1)
Speech Effectiveness
6(1)
Public Speaking Skills Empower
6(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Frederick Douglass
7(1)
Public Speaking Challenges Us to Behave Ethically
8(1)
Reflect on Ethics
9(1)
The Effective Public Speaker Is Competent
10(1)
Summary
11(1)
Challenge Online
11(1)
Key Terms
11(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
12(1)
Web Resources
12(1)
Developing Confidence through the Speech Planning Process
13(19)
Understanding Public Speaking Apprehension
14(4)
Signs of Speech Apprehension
15(1)
Causes of Speech Apprehension
16(1)
Ideal Level of Apprehension
17(1)
Overcoming Public Speaking Apprehension
18(3)
General Methods
18(2)
Specific Techniques
20(1)
Gaining Confidence through Effective Speech Planning
21(4)
Step 1: Select a Speech Goal That Is Appropriate for the Audience and Occasion
21(1)
Step 2: Understand Your Audience and Adapt to It
22(1)
Step 3: Gather and Evaluate Information to Use in the Speech
23(1)
Step 4: Organize and Develop Ideas into a Well-Structured Speech Outline
23(1)
Step 5: Choose Visual Aids That Are Appropriate for the Audience
24(1)
Step 6: Practice the Wording and Delivery of the Speech
24(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Cicero
25(2)
Preparing a Narrative/Personal Experience Speech
27(1)
Sample Speech: The Funeral
28(1)
Reflect on Ethics
29(1)
Summary
29(1)
Challenge Online
30(1)
Key Terms
30(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
31(1)
Web Resource
31(1)
Effective Listening
32(11)
Attending to the Speech
34(1)
Understanding and Remembering Speech Information
35(1)
Critically Analyzing a Speech
36(1)
Reflect on Ethics
37(1)
Evaluating Speech Effectiveness
38(2)
Summary
40(1)
Challenge Online
41(1)
Key Terms
41(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
41(1)
Web Resources
42(1)
Part Two Principles
Determining a Speech Goal That Meets Audience Needs
43(23)
Identifying Topics
44(1)
Listing Subjects
44(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Angela Perez Baraquio
45(2)
Brainstorming for Topic Ideas
45(2)
Analyzing the Audience
47(7)
Types of Audience Data Needed
47(3)
Methods for Gathering Audience Data
50(4)
Analyzing the Setting
54(3)
Selecting a Topic
57(1)
Writing a Speech Goal
58(4)
Understanding General and Specific Speech Goals
58(1)
Phrasing a Specific Speech Goal
59(3)
Reflect on Ethics
62(1)
Summary
62(1)
Challenge Online
63(1)
Key Terms
63(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
63(1)
Web Resources
64(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps
64(2)
Adapting to Audiences
66(18)
Relevance
67(2)
Demonstrate Timeliness
67(1)
Demonstrate Proximity
68(1)
Demonstrate Personal Impact
68(1)
Information Comprehension
69(3)
Orient Listeners
69(1)
Define Key Terms
69(1)
Illustrate New Concepts with Vivid Examples
70(1)
Personalize Information
70(1)
Compare Unknown Ideas with Familiar Ones
70(1)
Use Multiple Methods for Developing Ideas
71(1)
Common Ground
72(1)
Use Personal Pronouns
72(1)
Ask Rhetorical Questions
72(1)
Draw from Common Experiences
73(1)
Speaker Credibility
73(3)
Demonstrate Knowledge and Expertise
74(1)
Establish Trustworthiness
75(1)
Display Personableness
75(1)
Reflect on Ethics
76(1)
Initial Audience Attitudes
76(1)
Language and Cultural Differences
77(1)
Overcome Linguistic Problems
77(1)
Choose Culturally Sensitive Material
78(1)
Forming a Specific Plan of Audience Adaptation
78(3)
Summary
81(1)
Challenge Online
81(1)
Key Terms
81(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
82(1)
Web Resource
82(1)
Speech Planning Action Step
82(2)
Researching Information for Your Speech
84(27)
Locate and Evaluate Information Sources
85(12)
Personal Knowledge, Experience, and Observation
85(1)
Books, Articles, and General References
86(4)
Internet Resources
90(1)
Surveys
91(1)
Interviews
91(2)
Skimming to Determine Source Value
93(1)
Criteria for Judging Sources
94(3)
Identify and Select Relevant Information
97(3)
Factual Statements
97(2)
Expert Opinions
99(1)
Elaborations
99(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Marion Wright Edelman
100(2)
Drawing Information from Multiple Cultural Perspectives
102(1)
Reflect on Ethics
102(1)
Recording Information
103(3)
Preparing Note Cards
103(2)
Citing Sources in the Speech
105(1)
Summary
106(1)
Challenge Online
107(1)
Key Terms
107(1)
Web Resources
107(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps
108(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
108(3)
Organizing and Outlining the Speech Body
111(21)
Construct a Thesis Statement
112(6)
Identify Main Points
112(3)
Write the Thesis Statement
115(3)
Outline the Body of the Speech
118(9)
Outline Main Points
119(5)
Identify and Outline Subpoints
124(2)
List Supporting Material
126(1)
Create Section Transitions
127(2)
Reflect on Ethics
129(1)
Summary
130(1)
Challenge Online
130(1)
Key Terms
130(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
131(1)
Web Resource
131(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps
131(1)
Completing the Outline: Creating the Introduction and the Conclusion
132(22)
Creating the Introduction
133(7)
Goals of the Introduction
133(2)
Types of Introductions
135(3)
Selecting and Outlining an Introduction
138(2)
Reflect on Ethics
140(1)
Creating the Conclusion
141(3)
Goals of the Conclusion
141(1)
Types of Conclusions
141(2)
Selecting and Outlining a Conclusion
143(1)
Completing the Outline
144(5)
Listing Sources
144(3)
Writing a Title
147(1)
Reviewing the Outline
147(2)
Summary
149(3)
Challenge Online
152(1)
Key Terms
152(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
152(1)
Web Resources
152(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps
153(1)
Constructing and Using Visual Aids
154(20)
Types of Visual Aids
156(1)
Reflect on Ethics
157(4)
Methods for Displaying Visual Aids
161(3)
Criteria for Choosing Visual Aids
164(2)
Principles for Designing Effective Visual Aids
166(3)
Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids
169(2)
Summary
171(1)
Challenge Online
172(1)
Key Terms
172(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
173(1)
Web Resource
173(1)
Speech Planning Action Step
173(1)
Practicing Speech Wording
174(16)
Language and Meaning
175(2)
Speaking Clearly
177(3)
Using Specific Language
177(2)
Providing Details and Examples
179(1)
Being Sensitive to Cultural Differences
180(1)
Speaking Vividly and Emphatically
180(2)
Using Vivid Language
180(1)
Emphasizing Key Words and Ideas
181(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Benazir Bhutto
182(1)
Speaking Appropriately
183(4)
Adapting Formality of Language to the Occasion
183(1)
Limiting the Use of Jargon and Slang
184(1)
Showing Sensitivity
185(2)
Reflect on Ethics
187(1)
Summary
187(1)
Challenge Online
188(1)
Key Terms
188(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
189(1)
Web Resources
189(1)
Practicing Delivery
190(25)
Elements of Delivery
191(5)
Voice
191(2)
Articulation
193(1)
Bodily Action
194(2)
Conversational Style
196(4)
Enthusiasm
196(1)
Vocal Expressiveness
196(1)
Spontaneity
197(1)
Fluency
197(1)
Eye Contact
198(2)
Types of Delivery
200(1)
Impromptu Speeches
200(1)
Scripted Speeches
200(1)
Extemporaneous Speeches
201(1)
Rehearsal
201(7)
Scheduling and Conducting Rehearsal Sessions
201(1)
Preparing Speaking Notes
201(2)
Using Visual Aids during the Speech
203(1)
Rehearsing the Speech
204(4)
General Criteria for Evaluating Speeches
208(1)
Reflect on Ethics
209(1)
Sample Speech: The Buckeye Tree
210(2)
Summary
212(1)
Challenge Online
212(1)
Key Terms
213(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
213(1)
Web Resource
213(1)
Speech Planning Action Step
214(1)
Part Three Informative and Persuasive Speaking
Informative Speaking
215(25)
Characteristics of Effective Informative Speaking
216(4)
Intellectual Stimulation
216(1)
Creativity
217(1)
Emphasis to Aid Memory
218(2)
Methods of Informing
220(5)
Description
221(1)
Definition
222(1)
Comparison and Contrast
222(1)
Narration
223(1)
Demonstration
223(2)
Reflect on Ethics
225(1)
Common Informative Frameworks
225(2)
Process Speeches
225(2)
Sample Process Speech: Tablature
227(8)
Expository Speeches
230(5)
Sample Expository Speech: Women in World War II
235(3)
Summary
238(1)
Challenge Online
238(1)
Key Terms
238(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
239(1)
Web Resource
239(1)
Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience
240(28)
Constructing a Persuasive Speech Goal
241(3)
Adapting Your Persuasive Goals to Initial Audience Attitude
241(3)
Phrasing Persuasive Speech Goals as Propositions
244(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Susan B. Anthony
244(2)
Identifying Good Reasons and Sound Evidence
246(4)
Finding Reasons to Use as Main Points
246(2)
Selecting Evidence to Support Reasons
248(2)
Reflect on Ethics
250(1)
Reasoning with Audiences
250(8)
Essentials of Reasoning
251(1)
Types and Tests of Arguments
252(5)
Avoiding Fallacies of Reasoning
257(1)
Organizational Patterns for Persuasive Speeches
258(4)
Statement of Reasons Pattern
259(1)
Comparative Advantages Pattern
259(1)
Criteria Satisfaction Pattern
259(1)
Problem Solution Pattern
260(2)
Sample Speech to Convince: Downloading Music
262(4)
Summary
266(1)
Challenge Online
266(1)
Key Terms
266(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
267(1)
Speech Planning Action Steps
267(1)
Persuasive Speaking: Motivating the Audience
268(25)
Motivating Your Audience to Think: The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
269(2)
Increasing Audience Involvement through Emotional Appeals
271(4)
Evoking Negative Emotions
271(2)
Evoking Positive Emotions
273(2)
Cueing Your Audience through Credibility: Demonstrating Goodwill
275(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Bono
276(2)
Motivating Your Audience to Act: The Speech to Actuate
278(4)
Understanding How Incentives Motivate Behavior
279(1)
Using Incentives to Meet Needs
280(2)
The Motivated Sequence Persuasive Speech Pattern
282(1)
Guidelines for Developing an Ethical Persuasive Speech
283(2)
Reflect on Ethics
285(2)
Sample Speech: Open Your Eyes
287(4)
Summary
291(1)
Challenge Online
292(1)
Key Terms
292(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
292(1)
Web Resource
292(1)
Part Four Adapting to Other Occasions and Formats
Ceremonial Speaking: Speeches for Special Occasions
293(12)
Welcomings
294(1)
Expectations
294(1)
Considerations
294(1)
Introductions
295(1)
Expectations
295(1)
Considerations
295(1)
Reflect on Ethics
296(1)
Recognition Presentations
296(2)
Expectations
297(1)
Considerations
297(1)
Acceptances
298(1)
Expectations
298(1)
Considerations
298(1)
Spotlight on Speakers: Daniel Inouye
299(1)
Toasts
300(1)
Expectations
300(1)
Considerations
300(1)
Tributes and Eulogies
301(1)
Expectations
301(1)
Considerations
301(1)
Other Ceremonial Speeches
302(1)
Summary
302(1)
Challenge Online
303(1)
Key Terms
303(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
303(2)
Increasing the Effectiveness of Problem Solving Discussions
305(19)
Characteristics of Effective Problem Solving Discussions
306(4)
Developing Clearly Defined Goals to Which Members Are Committed
307(1)
Optimum Number of Diverse Members
307(1)
Cohesiveness
307(1)
Rules and Norms
308(1)
The Working Environment
308(2)
The Problem Solving Discussion Process
310(4)
Define the Problem
310(1)
Analyze the Problem
311(1)
Determine Solution Criteria
312(1)
Identify Possible Solutions
312(1)
Evaluate Solutions
313(1)
Decide
313(1)
Implement and Monitor Decisions
314(1)
Reflect on Ethics
314(1)
Leader Responsibilities
315(3)
Preparing for the Meeting
315(1)
Leading the Discussion
315(2)
Following Up
317(1)
Member Responsibilities
318(1)
Preparing for the Meeting
318(1)
Participating in the Discussion
318(1)
Following Up
319(1)
When the Discussion Goes Public
319(2)
Symposium
320(1)
Panel Discussion
320(1)
Town Hall Meeting
320(1)
Public Hearing
320(1)
Summary
321(1)
Challenge Online
322(1)
Key Terms
322(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercise
323(1)
Web Resources
323(1)
Notes324(4)
Glossary328(6)
Index334

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