9780534577810

Each chapter of the Study Guide corresponds to a chapter in the text and provides the student with three concept goals, a guide to major concepts, a self-test, exercises, answers, and complete instructions and output for two software packages (SPSS and Minitab). In addition, the Study Guide was written to help bring students' math skills up to an appropriate level for this course.

Robert B. McCall is Professor of Psychology and CoDirector of the University of Pittsburgh Office of Child Development. He is the author of 24 editions of textbooks and guides and several hundred books, chapters, and articles for scholarly audiences and the general public. As a methodologist, he has published numerous articles and handbook chapters on statistics and longitudinal design, and he has been on the permanent editorial boards of a dozen journals and book series, including Psychological Methods. As a developmental psychologist, Dr. McCall is a specialist in infant attention and cognition as predictors of later IQ and in developmental changes in general mental performance. He was honored with the 1994 American Psychological Association Distinguished Contribution to Public Service for communicating psychology to the general public through the media and for inaugerating the University of Pittsburgh Office of Child Development, which promotes and conducts interdisciplinary university-community educational, research, human service demonstration, and policy projects.

Descriptive Statistics	p. 1
The Study of Statistics	p. 3
Why Study Statistics?	p. 4
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics	p. 6
Measurement	p. 9
Summation Sign	p. 17
Summary	p. 24
Frequency Distributions and Graphing	p. 28
Types of Frequency Distributions	p. 29
Constructing Frequency Distributions with Class Intervals	p. 34
Graphs of Frequency Distributions	p. 40
How Distributions Differ	p. 46
Summary	p. 50
Characteristics of Distributions	p. 53
Indicators of Central Tendency	p. 55
Indicators of Variability	p. 63
Populations and Samples	p. 69
A Note on Calculators and Computers	p. 72
Summary	p. 74
Elements of Exploratory Data Analysis	p. 78
Stem-and-Leaf Displays	p. 79
Resistant Indicators	p. 88
Summary	p. 97
Indicators of Relative Standing	p. 100
Percentiles	p. 101
Changing the Properties of Scales	p. 107
Standard Scores and the Normal Distribution	p. 113
Summary	p. 129
Regression	p. 133
Linear Relationships	p. 134
Regression Constants and the Regression Line	p. 142
Standard Error of Estimate	p. 152
Summary	p. 158
Correlation	p. 162
The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient	p. 163
Properties of the Correlation Coefficient	p. 170
Sampling Factors That Change the Correlation Coefficient	p. 176
Causality and Correlation	p. 183
Summary	p. 184
Inferential Statistics	p. 189
Sampling, Sampling Distributions, and Probability	p. 191
Methods of Sampling	p. 192
Sampling Distributions and Sampling Error	p. 195
Probability and Its Application to Hypothesis Testing	p. 204
Estimation	p. 207
Summary	p. 210
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Terminology and Theory	p. 214
Statistical Terminology	p. 215
Hypothesis Testing When [sigma subscript x] Is Estimated by s[subscript x]	p. 231
Summary	p. 237
Elementary Techniques of Hypothesis Testing	p. 240
Inferences about the Difference between Means	p. 241
Inferences about Correlation Coefficients	p. 253
A Comparison of the Difference between Means and Correlation	p. 260
Statistics in the Journals	p. 263
Summary	p. 264
Beyond Hypothesis Testing: Effect Size and Interval Estimation	p. 269
Beyond Hypothesis Testing	p. 270
Indices of Size	p. 273
Interval Estimation	p. 277
Summary	p. 291
Special Topics	p. 297
Introduction to Research Design	p. 299
Scientific Questions	p. 301
Operationalizing	p. 307
Data Collection and Data Analysis	p. 313
Conclusions and Interpretations	p. 314
The Research Report	p. 314
Ethical Considerations	p. 316
Summary	p. 320
Topics in Probability	p. 322
Set Theory	p. 323
Simple Classical Probability	p. 328
Probability of Complex Events	p. 333
Methods of Counting	p. 340
Summary	p. 347
Simple Analysis of Variance	p. 351
Logic of the Analysis of Variance	p. 353
Computational Procedures	p. 367
Comparisons between Specific Means	p. 375
Size of Relationship	p. 381
Summary	p. 386
Two-Factor Analysis of Variance	p. 389
Two-Factor Classification	p. 390
Logic of Two-Factor Analysis of Variance	p. 394
Computational Procedures	p. 41
Summary	p. 420
Nonparametric Techniques	p. 424
Parametric and Nonparametric Tests	p. 425
Tests on Independent Samples	p. 428
Tests on Correlated Samples	p. 446
Rank-Order Correlation	p. 450
Summary	p. 454
Math Review	p. 461
Tables	p. 469
Symbols	p. 490
Terms	p. 493
Answers	p. 502
Index	p. 523
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Study Guide for Fundamental Statistics for Behavioral Sciences, 8th

Study Guide for Fundamental Statistics for Behavioral Sciences, 8th

0534577814

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials