Rent 9780534551810 | Ethics : Discovering Right and Wrong

Table of Contents

Preface

(4)

A Word to the Student: Why Study Moral Philosophy?

1 Introduction: What Is Ethics?

(25)

Morality As Compared with O... MORE

(4)

Traits of Moral Principles

(2)

Domains of Ethical Assessment

(4)

Why Do We Need Morality?

(4)

The Purposes of Morality

(4)

For Further Reflection

(3)

For Further Reading

(2)

2 Ethical Relativism: Who's to Judge What's Right and Wrong?

(18)

An Analysis of Relativism

(2)

Subjective Ethical Relativism (Subjectivism)

(3)

Conventional Ethical Relativism (Conventionalism)

(4)

A Critique of Ethical Relativism

(5)

For Further Reflection

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

3 The Case for Moral Objectivism

(18)

Natural Law

(6)

Moderate Objectivism

(5)

An Explanation of the Attraction of Ethical Relativism

(4)

For Further Reflection

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

4 Egoism, Self-Interest, and Altruism

(21)

An Overview of the Problem

(4)

Psychological Egoism

(5)

Ethical Egoism

(3)

A Critique of Ethical Egoism

(2)

Attempted Refutations of Egoism

(2)

Evolution and Altruism

(3)

For Further Reflection

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

5 Value: The Quest for the Good

(21)

What Types of Value Are There?

(3)

What Things Are Good?

(3)

Are Values Objective or Subjective?

(2)

What Is the Relation of Value to Morality?

(3)

What Is the Good Life?

(5)

For Further Reflection

101

(1)

For Further Reading

102

(2)

6 Utilitarianism

104

(26)

What Is Utilitarianism?

108

(4)

Two Types of Utilitarianism

112

(3)

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism

115

(2)

External Criticisms of Utilitarianism

117

(4)

Utilitarian Responses to Standard Objections

121

(5)

For Further Reflection

126

(2)

For Further Reading

128

(2)

7 Kantian and Deontological Systems

130

(27)

Two Types of Deontological Systems

130

(5)

Kant's Rule-Deontological System

135

(2)

The Categorical Imperative

137

(9)

Kant's Other Formulations of the Categorical Imperative

146

(4)

Kant's Ethics and Religion

150

(2)

A Reconciliation Project

152

(3)

For Further Reflection

155

(1)

For Further Reading

156

(1)

8 Virtue-Based Ethical Systems

157

(23)

The Aretaic Critique of Action-Based (Deontic) Ethical Systems

158

(4)

The Nature of Virtue Ethics

162

(4)

Types of Relationships between Virtue Ethics and Action Ethics

166

(12)

For Further Reflection

178

(1)

For Further Reading

178

(2)

9 Why Should I Be Moral?

180

(12)

The Paradox of Morality and Self-Interest

184

(6)

For Further Reflection

190

(1)

For Further Reading

191

(1)

10 Religion and Ethics

192

(16)

Does Morality Depend on Religion?

193

(5)

Is Religious Ethics Essentially Different from Secular Ethics?

198

(1)

Is Religion Irrelevant or Even Inimical to Morality?

199

(3)

Does Religion Enhance the Moral Life?

202

(4)

For Further Reflection

206

(1)

For Further Reading

207

(1)

11* The Fact-Value Problem: Metaethics in the 20th Century

208

(31)

Nonnaturalism

210

(5)

Emotivism

215

(5)

Prescriptivism

220

(10)

The Renaissance of Naturalism

230

(6)

For Further Reflection

236

(1)

For Further Reading

237

(2)

12* Moral Realism and the Challenge of Skepticism

239

(16)

Mackie's Error Theory of Morality

242

(4)

Harman's Moral Nihilism

246

(8)

For Further Reading

254

(1)

A Concluding Reflection: Minimal Morality, Virtue Ethics, and the Development of Character

255

(5)

Appendix 1 An Analysis of the Modified Divine Command Theory(*)

260

(7)

Appendix 2 How to Read and Write a Philosophy Paper

267

(5)

Glossary

272

(7)

Index

279

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Ethics : Discovering Right and Wrong

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