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Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers

by: Thornton, Stephen T.; Rex, Andrew

Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers

by: Thornton, Stephen T.; Rex, Andrew

ISBN 13:
9780534417819
ISBN 10:
0534417817
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 03/25/2005
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Summary

In addition to featuring the latest discoveries, MODERN PHYSICS presents a contemporary and comprehensive approach to physics with a strong emphasis on applications. The authors discuss the experiments that led to key discoveries in order to illustrate the process behind scientific advances and to give you a historical perspective. A sound theoretical foundation in quantum theory is included to help you succeed in upper division courses.

Preface

The Birth of Modern Physics

(19)

Classical Physics of the 1890s

(3)

Mechanics

(1)

Electromagnetism

(1)

Thermodynamics

(1)

The Kinetic Theory of Gases

(3)

Waves and Particles

(2)

Conservation Laws and Fundamental Forces

(4)

Fundamental Forces

(3)

The Atomic Theory of Matter

(2)

Unresolved Questions of 1895 and New Horizons

(4)

On the Horizon

(1)

Summary

(1)

Special Theory of Relativity

(65)

The Need for Ether

(1)

The Michelson-Morley Experiment

(5)

Einstein's Postulates

(3)

The Lorentz Transformation

(2)

Time Dilation and Length Contraction

(7)

Time Dilation

(4)

Length Contraction

(3)

Addition of Velocities

(4)

Experimental Verification

(5)

Muon Decay

(2)

Atomic Clock Measurement

(2)

Velocity Addition

(1)

Testing Lorentz Symmetry

(1)

Twin Paradox

(1)

Spacetime

(4)

Doppler Effect

(6)

Special Topic: Applications of the Doppler Effect

(3)

Relativistic Momentum

(4)

Relativistic Energy

(7)

Total Energy and Rest Energy

(1)

Equivalence of Mass and Energy

(2)

Relationship of Energy and Momentum

(1)

Massless Particles

(1)

Computations in Modern Physics

(5)

Binding Energy

(3)

Electromagnetism and Relativity

(10)

Summary

(8)

The Experimental Basis of Quantum Theory

(42)

Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron

(4)

Determination of Electron Charge

(3)

Line Spectra

(4)

Special Topic: The Discovery of Helium

(2)

Quantization

(1)

Blackbody Radiation

(6)

Photoelectric Effect

103

(8)

Experimental Results of Photoelectric Effect

104

(2)

Classical Interpretation

106

(2)

Einstein's Theory

108

(1)

Quantum Interpretation

109

(2)

X-Ray Production

111

(3)

Compton Effect

114

(4)

Pair Production and Annihilation

118

(9)

Summary

122

(5)

Structure of the Atom

127

(34)

The Atomic Models of Thomson and Rutherford

128

(3)

Rutherford Scattering

131

(8)

Special Topic: Lord Rutherford of Nelson

134

(5)

The Classical Atomic Model

139

(2)

The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom

141

(6)

The Correspondence Principle

146

(1)

Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model

147

(3)

Reduced Mass Correction

148

(1)

Other Limitations

149

(1)

Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number

150

(4)

Atomic Excitation by Electrons

154

(7)

Summary

156

(5)

Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I

161

(39)

X-Ray Scattering

162

(5)

De Broglie Waves

167

(4)

Special Topic: Cavendish Laboratory

168

(2)

Bohr's Quantization Condition

170

(1)

Electron Scattering

171

(3)

Wave Motion

174

(7)

Waves or Particles?

181

(4)

Uncertainty Principle

185

(5)

Probability, Wave Functions, and the Copenhagen Interpretation

190

(3)

The Copenhagen Interpretation

191

(2)

Particle in a Box

193

(7)

Summary

195

(5)

Quantum Mechanics II

200

(39)

The Schrodinger Wave Equation

201

(7)

Normalization and Probability

203

(2)

Properties of Valid Wave Functions

205

(1)

Time-Independent Schrodinger Wave Equation

205

(3)

Expectation Values

208

(3)

Infinite Square-Well Potential

211

(4)

Finite Square-Well Potential

215

(2)

Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well

217

(2)

Simple Harmonic Oscillator

219

(6)

Barriers and Tunneling

225

(14)

Potential Barrier with E > V0

225

(1)

Potential Barrier with E < V0

226

(4)

Potential Well

230

(1)

Alpha-Particle Decay

230

(2)

Special Topic: Scanning Probe Microscopes

232

(2)

Summary

234

(5)

The Hydrogen Atom

239

(29)

Application of the Schrodinger Equation to the Hydrogen Atom

239

(1)

Solution of the Schrodinger Equation for Hydrogen

240

(6)

Separation of Variables

241

(1)

Solution of the Radial Equation

242

(2)

Solution of the Angular and Azimuthal Equations

244

(2)

Quantum Numbers

246

(5)

Principal Quantum Number n

247

(1)

Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number l

248

(1)

Magnetic Quantum Number ml

249

(2)

Magnetic Effects on Atomic Spectra---The Normal Zeeman Effect

251

(5)

Intrinsic Spin

256

(2)

Special Topic: Hydrogen and the 21-cm Line Transition

258

(1)

Energy Levels and Electron Probabilities

258

(10)

Selection Rules

260

(1)

Probability Distribution Functions

261

(4)

Summary

265

(3)

Atomic Physics

268

(26)

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

268

(9)

Inert Gases

272

(1)

Alkalis

273

(1)

Alkaline Earths

274

(1)

Halogens

275

(1)

Transition Metals

275

(1)

Lanthanides

275

(1)

Actinides

275

(1)

Special Topic: Rydberg Atoms

276

(1)

Total Angular Momentum

277

(11)

Single-Electron Atoms

277

(4)

Many-Electron Atoms

281

(1)

LS Coupling

282

(3)

jj Coupling

285

(3)

Anomalous Zeeman Effect

288

(6)

Summary

291

(3)

Statistical Physics

294

(40)

Historical Overview

295

(2)

Maxwell Velocity Distribution

297

(2)

Equipartition Theorem

299

(4)

Maxwell Speed Distribution

303

(4)

Classical and Quantum Statistics

307

(4)

Classical Distributions

308

(1)

Quantum Distributions

309

(2)

Fermi-Dirac Statistics

311

(9)

Introduction to Fermi-Dirac Theory

311

(2)

Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction

313

(1)

Quantum Theory of Electrical Conduction

314

(6)

Bose-Einstein Statistics

320

(14)

Blackbody Radiation

320

(2)

Liquid Helium

322

(2)

Special Topic: Superfluid 3He

324

(4)

Bose-Einstein Condensation in Gases

328

(1)

Summary

329

(5)

Molecules and Solids

334

(53)

Molecular Bonding and Spectra

334

(8)

Molecular Bonds

335

(1)

Rotational States

336

(1)

Vibrational States

337

(2)

Vibration and Rotation Combined

339

(3)

Stimulated Emission and Lasers

342

(9)

Scientific Applications of Lasers

347

(1)

Holography

348

(1)

Quantum Entanglement, Teleportation, and Information

349

(1)

Other Laser Applications

350

(1)

Structural Properties of Solids

351

(3)

Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Solids

354

(8)

Thermal Expansion

354

(2)

Thermal Conductivity

356

(2)

Magnetic Properties

358

(1)

Diamagnetism

358

(2)

Paramagnetism

360

(1)

Ferromagnetism

361

(1)

Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism

362

(1)

Superconductivity

362

(15)

The Search for a Higher Tc

369

(5)

Special Topic: Low-Temperature Methods

374

(2)

Superconducting Fullerenes

376

(1)

Applications of Superconductivity

377

(10)

Josephson Junctions

377

(1)

Maglev

378

(1)

Generation and Transmission of Electricity

379

(1)

Other Scientific and Medical Applications

380

(2)

Summary

382

(5)

Semiconductor Theory and Devices

387

(37)

Band Theory of Solids

387

(5)

Kronig-Penney Model

390

(2)

Band Theory and Conductivity

392

(1)

Semiconductor Theory

392

(9)

Special Topic: The Quantum Hall Effect

396

(3)

Thermoelectric Effect

399

(2)

Semiconductor Devices

401

(14)

Diodes

401

(2)

Bridge Rectifiers

403

(1)

Zener Diodes

403

(1)

Light-Emitting Diodes

403

(1)

Photovoltaic Cells

404

(3)

Transistors

407

(3)

Field Effect Transistors

410

(1)

Schottky Barriers

411

(1)

Semiconductor Lasers

412

(1)

Integrated Circuits

413

(2)

Nanotechnology

415

(9)

Carbon Nanotubes

416

(1)

Nanoscale Electronics

417

(1)

Nanotechnology and the Life Sciences

418

(1)

Information Science

419

(1)

Summary

420

(4)

The Atomic Nucleus

424

(42)

Discovery of the Neutron

424

(3)

Nuclear Properties

427

(4)

Sizes and Shapes of Nuclei

428

(2)

Intrinsic Spin

430

(1)

Intrinsic Magnetic Moment

430

(1)

The Deuteron

431

(2)

Nuclear Forces

433

(1)

Nuclear Stability

434

(7)

Nuclear Models

439

(2)

Radioactive Decay

441

(3)

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

444

(11)

Alpha Decay

445

(2)

Beta Decay

447

(3)

Special Topic: Neutrino Detection

450

(4)

Gamma Decay

454

(1)

Radioactive Nuclides

455

(11)

Time Dating Using Lead Isotopes

457

(2)

Radioactive Carbon Dating

459

(1)

Special Topic: The Formation and Age of the Earth

460

(2)

Summary

462

(4)

Nuclear Interactions and Applications

466

(42)

Nuclear Reactions

466

(5)

Cross Sections

469

(2)

Reaction Kinematics

471

(2)

Reaction Mechanisms

473

(4)

The Compound Nucleus

474

(3)

Direct Reactions

477

(1)

Fission

477

(4)

Induced Fission

478

(1)

Thermal Neutron Fission

479

(1)

Chain Reactions

480

(1)

Fission Reactors

481

(7)

Nuclear Reactor Problems

484

(1)

Breeder Reactors

485

(1)

Special Topic: Early Fission Reactors

486

(2)

Fusion

488

(6)

Formation of Elements

488

(2)

Nuclear Fusion on Earth

490

(1)

Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions

491

(3)

Special Applications

494

(9)

Medicine

495

(1)

Archaeology

496

(1)

Art

496

(1)

Crime Detection

497

(1)

Mining and Oil

497

(1)

Materials

498

(1)

Small Power Systems

499

(1)

Special Topic: The Search for New Elements

500

(1)

New Elements

501

(2)

Summary

503

(5)

Elementary Particles

508

(36)

Early Discoveries

509

(3)

The Positron

509

(1)

Yukawa's Meson

510

(2)

The Fundamental Interactions

512

(3)

Classification of Elementary Particles

515

(6)

Leptons

516

(1)

Hadrons

517

(1)

Particles and Lifetimes

518

(3)

Conservation Laws and Symmetries

521

(4)

Baryon Conservation

521

(1)

Lepton Conservation

522

(1)

Strangeness

523

(1)

Symmetries

524

(1)

Quarks

525

(5)

Quark Description of Particles

526

(2)

Color

528

(1)

Confinement

528

(2)

The Families of Matter

530

(1)

Beyond the Standard Model

530

(3)

Neutrino Oscillations

531

(1)

Matter-Antimatter

531

(1)

Grand Unifying Theories

532

(1)

Accelerators

533

(11)

Special Topic: Experimental Ingenuity

534

(2)

Synchrotrons

536

(1)

Linear Accelerators

536

(1)

Fixed-Target Accelerators

537

(1)

Colliders

538

(2)

Summary

540

(4)

General Relativity

544

(21)

Tenets of General Relativity

544

(5)

Principle of Equivalence

545

(2)

Spacetime Curvature

547

(2)

Tests of General Relativity

549

(4)

Bending of Light

549

(1)

Gravitational Redshift

550

(1)

Perihelion Shift of Mercury

551

(1)

Light Retardation

552

(1)

Gravitational Waves

553

(2)

Black Holes

555

(5)

Frame Dragging

560

(5)

Special Topic: Gravity Probe B

561

(1)

Summary

562

(3)

Cosmology---The Beginning and the End

565

Evidence of the Big Bang

566

(6)

Hubble's Measurements

566

(3)

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

569

(1)

Nucleosynthesis

569

(3)

The Big Bang

572

(4)

Stellar Evolution

576

(5)

The Ultimate Fate of Stars

577

(2)

Special Topic: Planck's Time, Length, and Mass

579

(2)

Astronomical Objects

581

(7)

Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars

581

(2)

Gamma Ray Astrophysics

583

(1)

Novae and Supernovae

584

(4)

Problems with the Big Bang

588

(4)

The Inflationary Universe

588

(1)

The Lingering Problems

589

(3)

The Age of the Universe

592

(5)

Age of Chemical Elements

593

(1)

Age of Astronomical Objects

593

(1)

Cosmological Determinations

594

(3)

Universe Age Conclusion

597

(1)

The Future

597

The Demise of the Sun

597

(1)

Where Is the Missing Mass?

597

(1)

Special Topic: Future of Space Telescopes

598

(3)

The Future of the Universe

601

(1)

Are Other Earths Out There?

601

(1)

Summary

601

Appendix 1 Fundamental Constants

(1)

Appendix 2 Conversion Factors

(2)

Appendix 3 Mathematical Relations

(1)

Appendix 4 Periodic Table of Elements

(1)

Appendix 5 Mean Values and Distributions

(2)

Appendix 6 Probability Integrals In = ∫∞o xn exp(-ax2) dx A-8

(2)

Appendix 7 Integrals of the Type ∫∞o xn-1 dx/ex - 1 A-10

(2)

Appendix 8 Atomic Mass Table

(24)

Appendix 9 Nobel Laureates in Physics

(7)

Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Problems

Index

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Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers

9780534417819

0534417817

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers

9780534417819

0534417817

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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