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General Chemistry (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

ISBN: 9780534408602 | 0534408605
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 4/18/2003

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SummaryTable of Contents
This best-selling text, GENERAL CHEMISTRY by Whitten/Davis/Peck/Stanley, is best summarized by "classic text, modern presentation." This simple phrase underlies its strong emphasis is on fundamental skills and concepts. As in previous editions, clearly explained problem-solving strategies continue to be the strength of this student-friendly text. This revision builds on the highly praised style and applications to everyday life that have earned this text a reputation as the voice of authority in general chemistry. Whitten always has been viewed... MORE
To the Instructorxvii
Ancillariesxxiii
Acknowledgmentsxxv
To the Studentxxviii
The Foundations of Chemistry
... MORE(45)
Matter and Energy
4(2)
States of Matter
6(1)
Chemical and Physical Properties
6(3)
Chemical and Physical Changes
9(1)
Mixtures, Substances, Compounds, and Elements
10(6)
Chemistry in Use The Resources of the Ocean
11(5)
Measurements in Chemistry
16(2)
Units of Measurement
18(2)
Use of Numbers
20(6)
The Unit Factor Method (Dimensional Analysis)
26(4)
Percentage
30(1)
Density and Specific Gravity
31(3)
Heat and Temperature
34(3)
Heat Transfer and the Measurement of Heat
37(9)
Key Terms
40(1)
Exercises
41(5)
Chemical Formulas and Composition Stoichiometry
46(42)
Atoms and Molecules
48(3)
Chemical Formulas
51(2)
Ions and Ionic Compounds
53(2)
Names and Formulas of Some Ionic Compounds
55(2)
Atomic Weights
57(1)
The Mole
57(6)
Chemistry in Use Avogadro's Number
61(2)
Formula Weights, Molecular Weights, and Moles
63(3)
Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds
66(4)
Chemistry in Use Names of the Elements
68(2)
Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition
70(4)
Determination of Molecular Formulas
74(3)
Some Other Interpretations of Chemical Formulas
77(3)
Purity of Samples
80(8)
Key Terms
82(1)
Exercises
82(6)
Chemical Equations and Reaction Stoichiometry
88(33)
Chemical Equations
89(4)
Calculations Based on Chemical Equations
93(3)
The Limiting Reactant Concept
96(3)
Percent Yields from Chemical Reactions
99(2)
Sequential Reactions
101(1)
Concentrations of Solutions
102(5)
Dilution of Solutions
107(2)
Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions
109(12)
Key Terms
112(1)
Exercises
113(8)
Some Types of Chemical Reactions
121(52)
The Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
123(6)
Chemistry in Use The Discovery of Phosphorus
128(1)
Aqueous Solutions: An Introduction
129(6)
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
135(2)
Oxidation Numbers
137(3)
Naming Some Inorganic Compounds
140(1)
Naming Binary Compounds
140(3)
Naming Ternary Acids and Their Salts
143(3)
Classifying Chemical Reactions
145(1)
Oxidation--Reduction Reactions: An Introduction
146(3)
Combination Reactions
149(1)
Decomposition Reactions
150(2)
Displacement Reactions
152(5)
Chemistry in Use Troublesome Displacement Reactions
154(3)
Metathesis Reactions
157(6)
Summary of Reaction Types
163(10)
Key Terms
165(1)
Exercises
166(7)
The Structure of Atoms
173(57)
Subatomic Particles
175(1)
Fundamental Particles
175(1)
The Discovery of Electrons
176(2)
Canal Rays and Protons
178(1)
Rutherford and the Nuclear Atom
179(2)
Atomic Number
181(1)
Neutrons
182(1)
Mass Number and Isotopes
182(2)
Mass Spectrometry and Isotopic Abundance
184(3)
Chemistry in Use Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis
186(1)
The Atomic Weight Scale and Atomic Weights
187(3)
The Electronic Structures of Atoms
190(1)
Electromagnetic Radiation
190(4)
The Photoelectric Effect
194(1)
Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Atom
194(7)
Enrichment The Bohr Theory and the Balmer--Rydberg Equation
198(3)
The Wave Nature of the Electron
201(1)
The Quantum Mechanical Picture of the Atom
202(3)
Enrichment The Schrodinger Equation
204(1)
Quantum Numbers
205(1)
Atomic Orbitals
206(5)
Electron Configurations
211(6)
Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
217(1)
The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations
218(12)
Key Terms
221(2)
Exercises
223(7)
Chemical Periodicity
230(35)
More About the Periodic Table
231(5)
Chemistry in Use The Periodic Table
233(1)
Chemistry in Use Glenn Seaborg: A Human Side to the Modern Periodic Table
234(1)
Periodic Properties of the Elements
235(1)
Atomic Radii
236(2)
Ionization Energy
238(3)
Electron Affinity
241(3)
Ionic Radii
244(2)
Electronegativity
246(1)
Chemical Reactions and Periodicity
247(1)
Hydrogen and the Hydrides
247(4)
Oxygen and the Oxides
251(14)
Key Terms
260(1)
Exercises
261(4)
Chemical Bonding
265(36)
Lewis Dot Formulas of Atoms
267(1)
Ionic Bonding
268(1)
Formation of Ionic Compounds
268(7)
Enrichment Introduction to Energy Relationships in Ionic Bonding
273(2)
Covalent Bonding
275(1)
Formation of Covalent Bonds
275(1)
Lewis Formulas for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions
276(1)
Writing Lewis Formulas: The Octet Rule
277(6)
Resonance
283(2)
Formal Charges
285(2)
Writing Lewis Formulas: Limitations of the Octet Rule
287(5)
Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
292(2)
Dipole Moments
294(1)
The Continuous Range of Bonding Types
294(7)
Key Terms
295(1)
Exercises
296(5)
Molecular Structure and Covalent Bonding Theories
301(47)
A Preview of the Chapter
303(2)
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
305(1)
Polar Molecules: The Influence of Molecular Geometry
306(3)
Valence Bond Theory
309(1)
Molecular Shapes and Bonding
309(1)
Linear Electronic Geometry: AB2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)
310(2)
Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)
312(2)
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)
314(5)
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB3U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A)
319(5)
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB2U2 Species (Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)
324(2)
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: ABU3 Species (Three Lone Pairs of Electrons on A)
326(1)
Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB5, AB4U, AB3U2, and AB2U3
327(4)
Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB6, AB5U, and AB4U2
331(5)
Compounds Containing Double Bonds
336(2)
Compounds Containing Triple Bonds
338(1)
A Summary of Electronic and Molecular Geometries
339(9)
Key Terms
341(1)
Exercises
342(6)
Molecular Orbitals in Chemical Bonding
348(19)
Molecular Orbitals
350(3)
Molecular Orbital Energy Level Diagrams
353(1)
Bond Order and Bond Stability
354(1)
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
355(3)
Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
358(3)
Delocalization and the Shapes of Molecular Orbitals
361(6)
Key Terms
364(1)
Exercises
364(3)
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases, and Salts
367(28)
Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases
369(1)
The Arrhenius Theory
370(1)
The Hydronium Ion (Hydrated Hydrogen Ion)
370(1)
Bronsted--Lowry Theory
371(3)
The Autoionization of Water
374(1)
Amphoterism
375(1)
Strengths of Acids
375(4)
Acid--Base Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
379(3)
Chemistry in Use Everyday Salts of Ternary Acids
381(1)
Acidic Salts and Basic Salts
382(2)
The Lewis Theory
384(3)
The Preparation of Acids
387(8)
Key Terms
388(1)
Exercises
389(6)
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions II: Calculations
395(30)
Aqueous Acid-Base Reactions
396(1)
Calculations Involving Molarity
396(5)
Titrations
401(3)
The Mole Method and Molarity
404(3)
Equivalent Weights and Normality
407(4)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
411(1)
The Half-Reaction Method
411(2)
Adding H+, OH-, or H2O to Balance Oxygen or Hydrogen
413(3)
Stoichiometry of Redox Reactions
416(9)
Key Terms
419(1)
Exercises
419(6)
Gases and the Kinetic--Molecular Theory
425(52)
Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
427(1)
Composition of the Atmosphere and Some Common Properties of Gases
427(1)
Pressure
428(5)
Chemistry in Use The Greenhouse Effect
430(3)
Boyle's Law: The Volume--Pressure Relationship
433(3)
Charles's Law: The Volume--Temperature Relationship; The Absolute Temperature Scale
436(2)
Standard Temperature and Pressure
438(1)
The Combined Gas Law Equation
438(2)
Avogadro's Law and the Standard Molar Volume
440(2)
Summary of Gas Laws: The Ideal Gas Equation
442(4)
Determination of Molecular Weights and Molecular Formulas of Gaseous Substances
446(2)
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
448(6)
Mass--Volume Relationships in Reactions Involving Gases
454(2)
The Kinetic--Molecular Theory
456(6)
Enrichment Kinetic--Molecular Theory, the Ideal Gas Equation, and Molecular Speeds
459(3)
Diffusion and Effusion of Gases
462(1)
Real Gases: Deviations from Ideality
463(14)
Key Terms
467(1)
Exercises
467(10)
Liquids and Solids
477(56)
Kinetic--Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids
480(1)
Intermolecular Attractions and Phase Changes
481(6)
The Liquid State
486(1)
Viscosity
487(1)
Surface Tension
487(1)
Capillary Action
488(1)
Evaporation
489(1)
Vapor Pressure
490(2)
Boiling Points and Distillation
492(1)
Heat Transfer Involving Liquids
493(4)
Enrichment The Clausius--Clapeyron Equation
495(2)
The Solid State
497(1)
Melting Point
497(1)
Heat Transfer Involving Solids
497(3)
Sublimation and the Vapor Pressure of Solids
500(1)
Phase Diagrams (P versus T)
501(2)
Amorphous Solids and Crystalline Solids
503(3)
Enrichment X-Ray Diffraction
504(2)
Structures of Crystals
506(3)
Bonding in Solids
509(9)
Band Theory of Metals
518(15)
Chemistry in Use Semiconductors
520(3)
Key Terms
523(2)
Exercises
525(8)
Solutions
533(49)
The Dissolution Process
535(1)
Spontaneity of the Dissolution Process
535(2)
Dissolution of Solids in Liquids
537(3)
Dissolution of Liquids in Liquids (Miscibility)
540(1)
Dissolution of Gases in Liquids
541(1)
Rates of Dissolution and Saturation
542(2)
Effect of Temperature on Solubility
544(2)
Effect of Pressure on Solubility
546(1)
Molality and Mole Fraction
546(3)
Colligative Properties of Solutions
548(1)
Lowering of Vapor Pressure and Raoult's Law
549(4)
Fractional Distillation
553(2)
Boiling Point Elevation
555(1)
Freezing Point Depression
556(2)
Determination of Molecular Weight by Freezing Point Depression or Boiling Point Elevation
558(2)
Colligative Properties and Dissociation of Electrolytes
560(2)
Osmotic Pressure
562(8)
Colloids
567(1)
Chemistry in Use Water Purification and Hemodialysis
568(2)
The Tyndall Effect
570(1)
The Adsorption Phenomenon
570(1)
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Colloids
571(11)
Chemistry in Use Why Does Red Wine Go with Red Meat?
574(1)
Key Terms
575(1)
Exercises
576(6)
Chemical Thermodynamics
582(56)
Heat Changes and Thermochemistry
584(1)
The First Law of Thermodynamics
584(2)
Some Thermodynamic Terms
586(2)
Enthalpy Changes
588(1)
Calorimetry
588(2)
Thermochemical Equations
590(3)
Standard States and Standard Enthalpy Changes
593(1)
Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation, ΔH0f
594(2)
Hess's Law
596(5)
Bond Energies
601(3)
Changes in Internal Energy, ΔE
604(6)
Relationship of ΔH and ΔE
610(2)
Spontaneity of Physical and Chemical Changes
612(1)
The Two Aspects of Spontaneity
612(1)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
613(1)
Entropy, S
613(7)
Free Energy Change, ΔG, and Spontaneity
620(3)
The Temperature Dependence of Spontaneity
623(15)
Key Terms
627(1)
Exercises
628(10)
Chemical Kinetics
638(61)
The Rate of a Reaction
640(7)
Factors that Affect Reaction Rates
646(1)
Nature of the Reactants
647(1)
Concentrations of Reactants: The Rate-Law Expression
648(8)
Concentration Versus Time: The Integrated Rate Equation
656(12)
Enrichment Calculus Derivation of Integrated Rate Equations
662(2)
Enrichment Using Integrated Rate Equations to Determine Reaction Order
664(4)
Collision Theory of Reaction Rates
668(1)
Transition State Theory
669(3)
Reaction Mechanisms and the Rate-Law Expression
672(4)
Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation
676(4)
Catalysts
680(19)
Chemistry in Use Ozone
686(4)
Key Terms
690(1)
Exercises
690(9)
Chemical Equilibrium
699(45)
Basic Concepts
700(3)
The Equilibrium Constant
703(4)
Variation of Kc with the Form of the Balanced Equation
707(1)
The Reaction Quotient
708(1)
Uses of the Equilibrium Constant, Kc
709(4)
Disturbing a System at Equilibrium: Predictions
713(7)
The Haber Process: A Practical Application of Equilibrium
720(1)
Disturbing a System at Equilibrium: Calculations
721(4)
Partial Pressures and the Equilibrium Constant
725(1)
Relationship Between KP and KC
726(3)
Heterogeneous Equilibria
729(1)
Relationship Between ΔG0rxn and the Equilibrium Constant
730(4)
Evaluation of Equilibrium Constants at Different Temperatures
734(10)
Key Terms
736(1)
Exercises
736(8)
Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases
744(42)
A Review of Strong Electrolytes
745(1)
The Autoionization of Water
746(2)
The pH and pOH Scales
748(5)
Ionization Constants for Weak Monoprotic Acids and Bases
753(11)
Polyprotic Acids
764(4)
Solvolysis
768(1)
Salts of Strong Bases and Strong Acids
769(1)
Salts of Strong Bases and Strong Acids
769(3)
Salts of Weak Bases and Strong Acids
772(3)
Chemistry in Use Taming Acids with Harmless Salts
774(1)
Salts of Weak Bases and Weak Acids
775(1)
Salts that Contain Small, Highly Charged Cations
776(10)
Key Terms
779(1)
Exercises
779(7)
Ionic Equilibria II: Buffers and Titration Curves
786(30)
The Common Ion Effect and Buffer Solutions
787(7)
Buffering Action
794(3)
Preparation of Buffer Solutions
797(5)
Chemistry in Use Fun with Carbonates
800(2)
Acid--Base Indicators
802(2)
Titration Curves
804(1)
Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves
804(3)
Weak Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves
807(3)
Weak Acid/Weak Base Titration Curves
810(1)
Summary of Acid--Base Calculations
810(6)
Key Terms
812(1)
Exercises
812(4)
Ionic Equilibria III: The Solubility Product Principle
816(25)
Solubility Product Constants
817(3)
Determination of Solubility Product Constants
820(2)
Uses of Solubility Product Constants
822(6)
Fractional Precipitation
828(3)
Simultaneous Equilibria Involving Slightly Soluble Compounds
831(3)
Dissolving Precipitates
834(7)
Key Terms
837(1)
Exercises
837(4)
Electrochemistry
841(53)
Electrical Conduction
844(1)
Electrodes
844(1)
Electrolytic Cells
845(1)
The Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride (The Downs Cell)
845(1)
The Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Chloride
846(2)
The Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Sulfate
848(1)
Counting Electrons: Coulometry and Faraday's Law of Electrolysis
849(2)
Commercial Applications of Electrolytic Cells
851(1)
Voltaic or Galvanic Cells
852(1)
The Construction of Simple Voltaic Cells
852(1)
The Zinc--Copper Cell
853(3)
Chemistry in Use A Spectacular View of One Mole of Electrons
854(2)
The Copper--Silver Cell
856(2)
Standard Electrode Potentials
858(1)
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode
858(1)
The Zinc--SHE Cell
858(2)
The Copper--SHE Cell
860(1)
Standard Electrode Potentials
861(1)
Uses of Standard Electrode Potentials
862(3)
Standard Electrode Potentials for Other Half-Reactions
865(2)
Corrosion
867(1)
Corrosion Protection
868(3)
Effect of Concentrations (Or Partial Pressures) on Electrode Potentials
871(1)
The Nernst Equation
871(4)
Using Electrochemical Cells to Determine Concentrations
875(3)
Enrichment Concentration Cells
876(2)
The Relationship of E0cell to ΔG0 and K
878(2)
Primary Voltaic Cells
880(1)
Dry Cells
880(2)
Secondary Voltaic Cells
882(1)
The Lead Storage Battery
882(1)
The Nickel--Cadmium (Nicad) Cell
883(1)
The Hydrogen--Oxygen Fuel Cell
884(10)
Key Terms
886(1)
Exercises
887(7)
Metals I: Metallurgy
894(19)
Metals
895(1)
Occurrence of the Metals
895(2)
Metallurgy
896(1)
Pretreatment of Ores
897(2)
Reduction to the Free Metals
899(1)
Refining of Metals
900(2)
Metallurgies of Specific Metals
902(1)
Magnesium
902(1)
Aluminum
903(2)
Iron
905(1)
Copper
906(3)
Gold
909(4)
Key Terms
910(1)
Exercises
910(3)
Metals II: Properties and Reactions
913(22)
The Alkali Metals (Group IA)
915(1)
Group IA Metals: Properties and Occurrence
915(1)
Reactions of the Group IA Metals
916(2)
Uses of Group IA Metals and Their Compounds
918(4)
Chemistry in Use Trace Elements and Life
919(3)
The Alkaline Earth Metals (Group IIA)
922(1)
Group IIA Metals: Properties and Occurrence
922(1)
Reactions of the Group IIA Metals
922(2)
Uses of Group IIA Metals and Their Compounds
924(1)
The Post-Transition Metals
925(1)
Group IIIA: Periodic Trends
925(5)
Chemistry in Use The Most Valuable Metal in the World
928(1)
The d-Transition Metals
929(1)
General Properties
930(1)
Oxidation States
930(1)
Chromium Oxides, Oxyanions, and Hydroxides
931(4)
Key Terms
933(1)
Exercises
933(2)
Some Nonmetals and Metalloids
935(30)
The Noble Gases (Group VIIIA)
937(1)
Occurrence, Uses, and Properties
937(1)
Xenon Compounds
937(2)
The Halogens (Group VIIA)
938(1)
Properties
939(1)
Occurrence, Production, and Uses
940(2)
Reactions of the Free Halogens
942(1)
The Hydrogen Halides and Hydrohalic Acids
942(2)
The Oxoacids (Ternary Acids) of the Halogens
944(1)
Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium
945(1)
Occurrence, Properties, and Uses
945(2)
Reactions of Group VIA Elements
947(1)
Hydrides of Group VIA Elements
948(1)
Group VIA Oxides
948(2)
Oxoacids of Sulfur
950(2)
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
951(1)
Occurrence of Nitrogen
952(1)
Hydrogen Compounds of Nitrogen
953(1)
Nitrogen Oxides
954(3)
Chemistry in Use Nitrogen Oxides and Photochemical Smog
956(1)
Some Oxoacids of Nitrogen and Their Salts
957(1)
Phosphorus
958(2)
Silicon
959(1)
Silicon and the Silicates
960(5)
Key Terms
961(1)
Exercises
961(4)
Coordination Compounds
965(30)
Coordination Compounds
966(4)
Ammine Complexes
970(1)
Important Terms
971(2)
Nomenclature
973(2)
Structures
975(1)
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
975(1)
Structural (Constitutional) Isomers
976(2)
Stereoisomers
978(7)
Bonding in Coordination Compounds
985(1)
Crystal Field Theory
985(3)
Color and the Spectrochemical Series
988(7)
Key Terms
990(1)
Exercises
991(4)
Nuclear Chemistry
995(38)
The Nucleus
997(1)
Neutron--Proton Ratio and Nuclear Stability
998(1)
Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy
999(3)
Radioactive Decay
1002(2)
Equations for Nuclear Reactions
1004(1)
Neutron-Rich Nuclei (Above the Band of Stability)
1004(1)
Neutron-Poor Nuclei (Below the Band of Stability)
1004(1)
Nuclei with Atomic Number Greater Than 83
1005(1)
Detection of Radiation
1005(2)
Rates of Decay and Half-Life
1007(2)
Disintegration Series
1009(2)
Uses of Radionuclides
1011(4)
Artificial Transmutations of Elements
1015(4)
Nuclear Fission
1019(1)
Nuclear Fusion Reactors
1020(6)
Chemistry in Use Managing Nuclear Wastes
1024(2)
Nuclear Fusion
1026(7)
Key Terms
1028(1)
Exercises
1029(4)
Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names, and Properties
1033(67)
Saturated Hydrocarbons
1037(1)
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
1037(5)
Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons
1042(5)
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
1047(1)
Alkenes
1047(5)
Chemistry in Use Petroleum
1048(4)
Alkynes
1052(2)
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1054(1)
Benzene
1054(2)
Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1056(2)
Hydrocarbons: A Summary
1058(1)
Functional Groups
1058(1)
Organic Halides
1059(2)
Alcohols and Phenols
1061(3)
Ethers
1064(1)
Aldehydes and Ketones
1065(3)
Amines
1068(2)
Carboxylic Acids
1070(3)
Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
1073(6)
Chemistry in Use Butter, Margarine and trans Fats
1077(2)
Summary of Functional Groups
1079(1)
Fundamental Classes of Organic Reactions
1079(1)
Substitution Reactions
1079(3)
Addition Reactions
1082(2)
Elimination Reactions
1084(1)
Polymerization Reactions
1085(15)
Key Terms
1091(1)
Exercises
1092(8)
Organic Chemistry II: Shapes, Selected Reactions, and Biopolymers
1100
Shapes of Organic Molecules
1101(1)
Constitutional Isomers
1102(1)
Stereoisomers
1103(3)
Conformations
1106(1)
Selected Reactions
1107(1)
Reactions of Bronsted--Lowry Acids and Bases
1107(3)
Oxidation--Reduction Reactions
1110(5)
Chemistry in Use Chemical Communication
1111(4)
Formation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
1115(1)
Hydrolysis of Esters
1116(2)
Biopolymers
1117(1)
Carbohydrates
1118(4)
Polypeptides and Proteins
1122(4)
Nucleic Acids
1126
Key Terms
1129(1)
Exercises
1130
Appendix A Some Mathematical Operations1(4)
Appendix B Electron Configurations of the Atoms of the Elements5(3)
Appendix C Common Units, Equivalences, and Conversion Factors8(3)
Appendix D Physical Constants11(1)
Appendix E Some Physical Constants for a Few Common Substances12(2)
Appendix F Ionization Constants for Weak Acids at 25°C14(1)
Appendix G Ionization Constants for Weak Bases at 25°C15(1)
Appendix H Solubility Product Constants for Some Inorganic Compounds at 25°C16(2)
Appendix I Dissociation Constants for Some Complex Ions18(1)
Appendix J Standard Reduction Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25°C19(3)
Appendix K Selected Thermodynamic Values at 298.15 K22(2)
Appendix L Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Numerical Exercises24
Glossary/Index1

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