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| Thematic Table of Contents | p. xvii |
| Preface to the Instructor | p. xxiii |
| The Principles of Good Reading and Writing | p. 1 |
| Getting Started | p. 3 |
| Critical Reading | p. 3 |
| Reading for Best Results | p. 4 |
| How Critical Reading Works | p. 6 |
| Reading Visual Images | p. 14 |
| Examining an Advertisement | p. 16 |
| Active Writing | p. ... MORE |
| Limiting Your Subject | p. 18 |
| Determining Your Purpose and Audience | p. 20 |
| Writing a Thesis | p. 23 |
| Prewriting | p. 24 |
| Writing Drafts | p. 27 |
| One Student Writing | p. 28 |
| Writing with a Computer | p. 33 |
| Student Writing | p. 35 |
| Finding and Supporting a Thesis | p. 38 |
| The Thesis | p. 39 |
| Stating Your Thesis | p. 40 |
| Supporting Your Thesis: Details | p. 43 |
| Student Writing: Thesis and Details | p. 44 |
| Models of Writing | p. 47 |
| Planning a Paper: Outlining | p. 57 |
| The Importance of Planning | p. 57 |
| The Formal Outline | p. 58 |
| The Formal Outline Format | p. 59 |
| Topic and Sentence Outlines | p. 61 |
| From Outline to Essay: One Student Writing | p. 64 |
| Preparing Your Outline | p. 70 |
| Writing a Paper: An Overview of Parts | p. 77 |
| The Introduction | p. 77 |
| The Body | p. 81 |
| Topic Sentences | p. 81 |
| Student Writing: Topic Sentences | p. 83 |
| Transitions | p. 86 |
| Paragraph Development | p. 89 |
| The Conclusion | p. 94 |
| Revising and Editing Your Paper | p. 97 |
| One Student Revising and Editing | p. 98 |
| Learning from Other Students: Peer Review | p. 98 |
| Learning from Your Instructor's Comments | p. 100 |
| Putting It All Together | p. 102 |
| Proofreading | p. 103 |
| A Brief Note on Style | p. 107 |
| Methods of Development | p. 109 |
| Description | p. 111 |
| Writing Your Descriptive Paper | p. 112 |
| Student Writing: Description | p. 114 |
| Models of Writing | p. 119 |
| Critical Reading: Description | p. 119 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 127 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 132 |
| Narration | p. 136 |
| Writing Your Narrative Paper | p. 137 |
| Student Writing: Narration | p. 143 |
| Models of Writing | p. 149 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 158 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 164 |
| Example | p. 168 |
| Writing Your Example Paper | p. 169 |
| Student Writing: Example | p. 172 |
| Critical Reading: Example | p. 177 |
| Models of Writing | p. 179 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 184 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 190 |
| Process | p. 195 |
| Writing Your Process Paper | p. 195 |
| Student Writing: Process | p. 197 |
| Models of Writing | p. 203 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 215 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 222 |
| Comparison and Contrast | p. 226 |
| Writing Your Comparison-Contrast Paper | p. 227 |
| Student Writing: Comparison-Contrast | p. 227 |
| Subject-by-Subject Pattern | p. 227 |
| Point-by-Point Pattern | p. 230 |
| Combined Patterns of Comparison and Contrast | p. 232 |
| Models of Writing | p. 236 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 247 |
| The Battle of the Sexes: Two Stories for Comparison and Contrast | p. 247 |
| Legalizing Drugs: Two Websites for Comparison and Contrast | p. 261 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 263 |
| Classification and Division | p. 270 |
| Classification and Division as Modes of Thought | p. 271 |
| Reviewing Division Strategies | p. 273 |
| Writing Your Classification Paper | p. 273 |
| Student Writing: Classification | p. 275 |
| Models of Writing | p. 278 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 286 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 295 |
| Cause and Effect | p. 299 |
| Writing Your Cause-and-Effect Paper | p. 299 |
| Student Writing: Cause and Effect | p. 300 |
| Models of Writing | p. 304 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 311 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 314 |
| Definition | p. 321 |
| Writing Your Definition Paper | p. 322 |
| Student Writing: Formal Definition | p. 325 |
| Student Writing: Informal Definition | p. 328 |
| Models of Writing | p. 333 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 337 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 344 |
| Argumentation | p. 348 |
| Using Logic | p. 349 |
| Induction | p. 349 |
| Deduction | p. 349 |
| Using Induction and Deduction | p. 351 |
| Avoiding Logical Fallacies | p. 351 |
| Writing Your Argumentation Paper | p. 357 |
| Student Writing: Argumentation | p. 358 |
| Pro and Con: Arguments on Controversial Topics | p. 365 |
| Student Writing: Opposing Views on Immigrants in America | p. 365 |
| Student Writing: Opposing Views on Global Warming | p. 369 |
| Models of Writing | p. 372 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 384 |
| Student Writing: Opposing Views on the Death Penalty: Four Viewpoints | p. 385 |
| Opposing Positions on Same-Sex Marriages: Five Viewpoints | p. 395 |
| Opposing Views on the Megan Kanka Tragedy | p. 403 |
| Reading and Writing About Poetry | p. 409 |
| Mixing Methods of Development | p. 413 |
| Writing Your Paper of Mixed Modes of Development | p. 414 |
| Student Writing: Mixing Methods in Developing Your Essay | p. 415 |
| Critical Reading: Mixed Methods of Development | p. 419 |
| Models of Writing | p. 422 |
| Special Writing | p. 431 |
| Literary Analysis | p. 433 |
| Writing Your Analysis of Literature | p. 434 |
| Student Writing: Literary Analysis | p. 440 |
| Readings for Writing | p. 443 |
| Writing Essay Exams | p. 457 |
| Preparing for the Exam | p. 457 |
| Evaluating the Question | p. 458 |
| Planning and Writing Your Essay | p. 460 |
| Business Writing: An Overview | p. 463 |
| Writing Inquiry and Complaint Letters | p. 463 |
| Addressing an Envelope | p. 468 |
| Writing a Letter to Apply for a Job | p. 469 |
| Writing Your Resume | p. 470 |
| Electronic (Digital) Resumes | p. 474 |
| Memorandums | p. 476 |
| p. 476 | |
| Research | p. 479 |
| Doing Research | p. 481 |
| Choosing Your Subject | p. 482 |
| The Research Paper with a Thesis | p. 483 |
| Developing Your Thesis | p. 484 |
| Preliminary Reading | p. 485 |
| Research on the Internet | p. 487 |
| Searching the World Wide Web | p. 487 |
| "Googling" Your Subject | p. 488 |
| Evaluating Websites | p. 489 |
| Your Preliminary Outline | p. 491 |
| A Working Bibliography | p. 491 |
| Finding Sources | p. 492 |
| Making Bibliography Cards | p. 499 |
| Taking Notes | p. 502 |
| Place for Notes | p. 502 |
| Scope of Notes | p. 503 |
| Content of Notes | p. 503 |
| Preparing Note Cards | p. 504 |
| Quotation of Sources | p. 505 |
| Summary and Paraphrase of Sources | p. 505 |
| Disagreements: Facts and Opinions | p. 507 |
| Outlining | p. 507 |
| Making a Slug Outline | p. 508 |
| Writing a Formal Outline | p. 508 |
| Writing Your Research Paper | p. 511 |
| Using Sources | p. 511 |
| Quoting an Original Source in Your Paper | p. 512 |
| Paraphrasing an Original Source in Your Paper | p. 513 |
| Direct Quotations: How Many? | p. 513 |
| Documentation in the Humanities: MLA Style | p. 517 |
| Parenthetical Documentation | p. 517 |
| A List of Works Cited | p. 521 |
| Citing Electronic Sources | p. 526 |
| Explanatory Notes | p. 530 |
| Preparing the Works Cited List | p. 530 |
| Documenting with Endnotes | p. 531 |
| First References | p. 532 |
| Subsequent References | p. 533 |
| Endnotes: A Sample | p. 534 |
| Documentation in the Social Sciences: APA Style | p. 535 |
| Parenthetical Citation | p. 535 |
| The List of References | p. 537 |
| Preparing Your References List | p. 539 |
| Plagiarism | p. 540 |
| Writing Your Research Paper: Draft Stages | p. 542 |
| The First Draft | p. 542 |
| Subsequent Drafts | p. 542 |
| Toward the Final Copy | p. 543 |
| Preparing Your Manuscript | p. 543 |
| Frequently Asked Questions about Writing Research Papers | p. 545 |
| Sample Research Paper | p. 549 |
| Style | p. 573 |
| Proper Words in Proper Places | p. 575 |
| Denotation and Connotation | p. 575 |
| Abstract Writing and Concrete Writing | p. 578 |
| Specific Details | p. 579 |
| Specific Words and Phrases | p. 581 |
| Comparisons | p. 582 |
| Effective Sentences | p. 586 |
| Wordiness and Economy | p. 586 |
| Deadwood | p. 587 |
| Pointless Repetition of Meaning | p. 588 |
| Cutting Inadequate Clauses | p. 589 |
| Delay of Subject | p. 590 |
| Passive Verbs | p. 591 |
| Faulty Parallelism | p. 593 |
| Faulty Subordination and Sentence Combining | p. 595 |
| Sentence Monotony and Variety | p. 599 |
| Sentence Length | p. 599 |
| Sentence Structure | p. 599 |
| Additional Notes on Style: Problems and Solutions | p. 602 |
| Triteness | p. 602 |
| Euphemisms | p. 605 |
| Repetition, Good and Bad | p. 606 |
| Repetition for Clarity | p. 606 |
| Repetition for Impact | p. 606 |
| Undesirable Repetition of Meaning | p. 607 |
| Undesirable Repetition of the Same Word | p. 607 |
| Undesirable Repetition of Sounds | p. 608 |
| Slang | p. 609 |
| Fancy Writing | p. 610 |
| Sexist Language | p. 611 |
| Miscellaneous Do's and Don'ts | p. 614 |
| Handbook, Glossary, and ESL Pointers | p. 617 |
| Handbook | p. 619 |
| Self Test: Abbreviations | p. 620 |
| Self Test: Correct Adjectives and Adverbs | p. 623 |
| Self Test: Apostrophe Use | p. 627 |
| Self Test: Capital Letters | p. 630 |
| Self Test: Colons | p. 632 |
| Self Test: Commas in Series and Clauses | p. 634 |
| Self Test: Commas and Introductory Elements | p. 635 |
| Self Test: Commas and Interrupting Elements | p. 637 |
| Self Test: Commas and Nonrestrictive Elements | p. 640 |
| Self Test: Commas: Other Uses | p. 643 |
| Self Test: Comma Splices | p. 646 |
| Self Test: Comparatives and Superlatives | p. 648 |
| Self Test: Faulty Comparisons | p. 650 |
| Self Test: End Marks | p. 655 |
| Self Test: Fragments | p. 659 |
| Self Test: Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers | p. 664 |
| Self Test: Pronoun Agreement | p. 669 |
| Self Test: Pronoun Case | p. 673 |
| Self Test: Pronoun Reference | p. 675 |
| Self Test: Quotation Marks | p. 678 |
| Self Test: Run-on Sentences | p. 680 |
| Self Test: Shifts in Person or Tense | p. 683 |
| Self Test: Spelling | p. 686 |
| Self Test: Subject-Verb Agreement | p. 692 |
| Self Test: Verb Form | p. 697 |
| Self Test: Verb Tense | p. 701 |
| Glossary of Problem Words | p. 704 |
| Self Test: Problem Words | p. 737 |
| ESL Pointers: Tips for Non-Native Writers | p. 739 |
| Verbs and Helping Verbs, Including Modals | p. 739 |
| Phrasal Verbs | p. 742 |
| Nouns: Countable and Uncountable | p. 743 |
| Prepositions | p. 745 |
| Self Test: ESL Problems | p. 747 |
| Answer Key to Self Tests | p. 748 |
| Credits | p. 754 |
| Index | p. 758 |
| Correction Symbols and Abbreviations | p. 772 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |