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| Preface for Students | p. v |
| Preface for Instructors | p. viii |
| Writing Process | |
| The Writing Situation | p. 3 |
| Assessment | |
| Subject | |
| Audience | |
| Purpose | |
| Invention | p. 8 |
| Journal keeping | |
| Observing | |
| Freewriting | |
| Brainstorming | |
| ... MORE | |
| Asking questions | |
| Thesis and Organization | p. 14 |
| Thesis statement | |
| Organization | |
| Drafting | p. 22 |
| Starting to draft | |
| Maintaining momentum | |
| Sample first draft | |
| Revising and Editing | p. 24 |
| Revising the whole essay | |
| Sample revision | |
| Editing the revised draft | |
| Formatting and proofreading | |
| Sample Final Draft | p. 33 |
| Collaborating | |
| Preparing a writing portfolio | |
| Paragraphs | p. 38 |
| Unity | |
| Coherence | |
| Development | |
| Introductions and conclusions | |
| Document Design | p. 53 |
| Academic papers | |
| Principles of design | |
| Elements of design | |
| Illustrations | |
| Readers with disabilities | |
| Writing in and out of College | |
| Academic Writing | p. 69 |
| Becoming an academic writer | |
| Audience | |
| Purpose | |
| Structure and format | |
| Language | |
| Study Skills | p. 75 |
| Time management | |
| Listening and note taking in class | |
| Reading | |
| Exams | |
| Critical Thinking and Reading | p. 82 |
| Reading texts | |
| Viewing images | |
| Argument | p. 95 |
| Elements of argument | |
| Reasonableness | |
| Organization | |
| Visual arguments | |
| Sample Argument | p. 110 |
| Online Writing | p. 114 |
| Electronic mail | |
| Online collaboration | |
| Web compositions | |
| Oral Presentations | p. 123 |
| Organization | |
| Delivery | |
| Public Writing | p. 127 |
| Business letters and resumes: Sample Letter and Resume | p. 129 |
| Memos, reports, and proposals: Sample Memo and Report | p. 134 |
| Community work: Sample Flyer, Newsletter, and Brochure | p. 136 |
| Clarity and Style | |
| Emphasis | p. 141 |
| Effective subjects and verbs | |
| Sentence beginnings and endings | |
| Coordination | |
| Subordination | |
| Parallelism | p. 152 |
| With and, but, or, nor, yet | |
| With both ... and, not ... but, etc. | |
| In comparisons | |
| With lists, headings, and outlines | |
| Variety and Details | p. 156 |
| Sentence length | |
| Sentence structure | |
| Details | |
| Appropriate and Exact Language | p. 160 |
| Appropriate language | |
| Exact language | |
| Completeness | p. 176 |
| Compounds | |
| Needed words | |
| Conciseness | p. 177 |
| Focusing on subject and verb | |
| Cutting empty words | |
| Cutting repetition | |
| Reducing clauses and phrases | |
| Cutting there is or it is | |
| Combining sentences | |
| Rewriting jargon | |
| Sentence Parts and Patterns | |
| Basic Grammar | |
| Parts of Speech | p. 188 |
| Nouns | |
| Pronouns | |
| Verbs | |
| Adjectives and adverbs | |
| Prepositions and conjunctions | |
| Interjections | |
| The Sentence | p. 195 |
| Subject and predicate | |
| Predicate patterns | |
| Phrases and Subordinate Clauses | p. 201 |
| Phrases | |
| Subordinate clauses | |
| Sentence Types | p. 208 |
| Simple sentences | |
| Compound sentences | |
| Complex sentences | |
| Compound-complex sentences | |
| Verbs | |
| Forms | p. 210 |
| Sing/sang/sung and other irregular verbs | |
| Sit/set; lie/lay; rise/raise | |
| -s and -ed forms | |
| Be, have, and other helping verbs | |
| Verb + gerund or infinitive: stop eating vs. stop to eat | |
| Verb + particle: look up, look over, etc. | |
| Tenses | p. 225 |
| Present tense: sing | |
| Perfect tenses: have/had/will have sung | |
| Progressive tenses: is/was/will be singing | |
| Consistency | |
| Sequence | |
| Mood | p. 232 |
| Subjunctive: I wish I were | |
| Consistency | |
| Voice | p. 234 |
| She wrote it (active) vs. It was written (passive) | |
| Consistency | |
| Subject-Verb Agreement | p. 237 |
| -s and -es endings | |
| Intervening words | |
| Subjects with and | |
| Subjects with or or nor | |
| Everyone and other indefinite pronouns | |
| Team and other collective nouns | |
| Who, which, that | |
| News and other singular nouns ending in -s | |
| Inverted word order | |
| Is, are, and other linking verbs | |
| Titles and words being defined | |
| Pronouns | |
| Case | p. 244 |
| She and I vs. her and me | |
| It was she vs. It was her | |
| Who vs. whom | |
| Other constructions | |
| Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | p. 251 |
| Antecedents with and | |
| Antecedents with or or nor | |
| Everyone, person, and other indefinite words | |
| Team and other collective nouns | |
| Pronoun Reference | p. 256 |
| Clear reference | |
| Close reference | |
| Specific reference | |
| Definite it and they | |
| Appropriate you | |
| Consistency | |
| Modifiers | |
| Adjectives and Adverbs | p. 260 |
| Adjective vs. adverb | |
| Adjective with linking verb: felt bad | |
| Bigger, most talented, and other comparisons | |
| Double negatives | |
| Present and past participles: boring vs. bored | |
| A, an, the, and other determiners | |
| Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | p. 271 |
| Misplaced modifiers | |
| Dangling modifiers | |
| Sentence Faults | |
| Fragments | p. 278 |
| Tests | |
| Revision | |
| Acceptable fragments | |
| Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | p. 283 |
| Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
| Main clauses with however, for example, etc. | |
| Mixed Sentences | p. 289 |
| Reason is because and other mixed meanings | |
| Tangled grammar | |
| Repeated subjects and other parts | |
| Punctuation | |
| End Punctuation | p. 295 |
| Period | |
| Question mark | |
| Exclamation point | |
| Comma | p. 298 |
| Main clauses with and, but, etc. | |
| Introductory elements | |
| Nonessential elements | |
| Items in a series | |
| Two or more adjectives | |
| Dates, addresses, place names, numbers | |
| With quotations | |
| Misuses | |
| Semicolon | p. 316 |
| Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
| Main clauses with however, for example, etc. | |
| Main clauses or series items with commas | |
| Misuses | |
| Colon | p. 320 |
| Concluding explanation, series, etc. | |
| Salutation; title and subtitle; time | |
| Misuses | |
| Apostrophe | p. 323 |
| Possession | |
| Misuses | |
| Contractions | |
| Plural abbreviations, etc. | |
| Quotation Marks | p. 330 |
| Direct quotations | |
| Within quotations | |
| Dialog | |
| Titles of works | |
| Words used in a special sense | |
| Misuses | |
| With other punctuation | |
| Other Marks | p. 336 |
| Dash or dashes | |
| Parentheses | |
| Ellipsis mark | |
| Brackets | |
| Slash | |
| Spelling and Mechanics | |
| Spelling and the Hyphen | p. 345 |
| Typical spelling problems | |
| Spelling rules | |
| The hyphen | |
| Capital Letters | p. 355 |
| First word of sentence | |
| Proper nouns and adjectives | |
| Titles of works | |
| Online communication | |
| Underlining or Italics | p. 359 |
| Underlining vs. italics | |
| Titles of works | |
| Names of vehicles | |
| Foreign words | |
| Words or characters named as words | |
| Emphasis | |
| Online communication | |
| Abbreviations | p. 362 |
| Titles with proper names | |
| Familiar abbreviations | |
| BC, BCE, AD, CE, AM, PM, no., $ | |
| Latin abbreviations | |
| Inc., Bros., Co., & | |
| Units of measurement, names, etc. | |
| Numbers | p. 365 |
| Numerals vs. words | |
| Dates, addresses, etc. | |
| Beginning sentences | |
| Research Writing | |
| Research Strategy | p. 371 |
| Planning | |
| Research journal | |
| Researchable subject and question | |
| Goals for sources | |
| Working, annotated bibliography | |
| Finding Sources | p. 379 |
| Searching electronically | |
| Reference works | |
| Books | |
| Periodicals | |
| The Web | |
| Other online sources | |
| Government publications | |
| Images | |
| Your own sources | |
| Working with Sources | p. 397 |
| Evaluating sources | |
| Synthesizing sources | |
| Gathering information | |
| Using summary, paraphrase, quotation | |
| Integrating sources | |
| Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | p. 418 |
| Plagiarism and the Internet | |
| What not to acknowledge | |
| What must be acknowledged | |
| Online sources | |
| Documenting sources | |
| Writing the Paper | p. 427 |
| Focusing and organizing | |
| Drafting, revising, and formatting | |
| Writing in the Disciplines | |
| Goals and Requirements of the Disciplines | p. 433 |
| Methods and evidence | |
| Writing assignments | |
| Tools and language | |
| Documentation and format | |
| Reading and Writing About Literature | p. 435 |
| Methods and evidence | |
| Writing assignments | |
| Tools and language | |
| Documentation and format | |
| Sample Literary Analysis | p. 442 |
| Writing in Other Disciplines | p. 444 |
| Humanities | |
| Social sciences | |
| Natural and applied sciences | |
| MLA Documentation and Format | p. 458 |
| Indexes to models | p. 458 |
| Parenthetical text citations | |
| List of works cited | |
| Format of paper | |
| Sample MLA Paper | p. 498 |
| APA Documentation and Format | p. 506 |
| Indexes to models | p. 506 |
| Parenthetical text citations | |
| List of references | |
| Format of paper | |
| Sample APA Paper | p. 526 |
| Chicago Documentation | p. 533 |
| Index to models | p. 532 |
| Notes and works-cited entries | |
| Models | |
| CSE Documentation | p. 544 |
| Index to models | p. 533 |
| Name-year citations | |
| Numbered text citations | |
| List of references | |
| Glossary of Usage | p. 553 |
| Index | p. 569 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |