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Absolute C++

by: Savitch, Walter

Absolute C++

by: Savitch, Walter

ISBN 13:
9780321330239
ISBN 10:
0321330234
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2006
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Summary

Offers complete coverage of the C++ programming language.This title offers provides all the tools necessary for experienced and novice programmers to master C++, including: thorough coverage of the Standard Template Library; complete and fully executable code throughout; sections highlighting programming tips and common pitfalls; and a logical order of coverage of C++ topics in order for readers to better understand the language.This book is appropriate for anyone interested in learning how to programming using the C++ programming language.

C++ Basics

(44)

Introduction to C++

(4)

Origins of the C++ Language

(1)

C++ and Object-Oriented Programming

(1)

The Character of C++

(1)

C++ Terminology

(1)

A Sample C++ Program

(2)

Variables, Expressions, and Assignment Statements

(22)

Identifiers

(2)

Variables

(2)

Assignment Statements

(2)

Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables

(1)

Tip: Use Meaningful Names

(1)

More Assignment Statements

(1)

Assignment Compatibility

(1)

Literals

(2)

Escape Sequences

(1)

Naming Constants

(2)

Arithmetic Operators and Expressions

(2)

Integer and Floating-Point Division

(1)

Pitfall: Division and Whole Number

(1)

Type Casting

(2)

Increment and Decrement Operators

(2)

Pitfall: Order of Evaluation

(1)

Console Input/Output

(7)

Output Using cout

(1)

New Lines in Output

(1)

Tip: End Each Program with \n or endl

(1)

Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point

(1)

Output with cerr

(1)

Input Using cin

(2)

Tip: Line Breaks in I/O

(1)

Program Style

(1)

Comments

(1)

Libraries and Namespaces

(9)

Libraries and include Directives

(1)

Namespaces

(1)

Pitfall: Problems with Library Names

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

(2)

Programming Projects

(4)

Flow of Control

(50)

Boolean Expression

(11)

Building Boolean Expressions

(1)

Pitfall: Strings of Inequalities

(1)

Evaluating Boolean Expressions

(2)

Precedence Rule

(4)

Pitfall: Integer Values Can Be Used as Boolean Values

(3)

Branching Mechanisms

(12)

if-else Statements

(1)

Compound Statements

(2)

Pitfall: Using = in Place of = =

(2)

Omitting the else

(1)

Nested Statement

(1)

Multiway if-else Statement

(1)

The switch Statement

(4)

Pitfall: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement

(1)

Tip: Use switch Statements for Menu

(1)

Enumeration Types

(1)

The Conditional Operation

(2)

Loops

(26)

The while and do-while Statements

(3)

Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited

(3)

The Comma Operator

(1)

The for Statement

(3)

Tip: Repeat-N-Times Loops

(1)

Pitfall: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement

(1)

Pitfall: Infinite Loops

(3)

The break and continue Statement

(3)

Nested Loops

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

(5)

Programming Projects

(3)

Function Basics

(44)

Predefined Functions

(12)

Predefined Functions That Return a Value

(5)

Predefined void Functions

101

(2)

A Random Number Generator

103

(5)

Programmer-Defined Functions

108

(13)

Defining Functions That Return a Value

108

(3)

Alternate Form for Function Declarations

111

(1)

Pitfall: Arguments in the Wrong Order

111

(1)

Pitfall: Use the Terms Parameter and Argument

111

(1)

Functions Calling Functions

112

(1)

Example: A Rounding Function

112

(2)

Functions That Return a Boolean Value

114

(1)

Defining void Functions

115

(2)

return Statements in void Functions

117

(2)

Preconditions and Postconditions

119

(1)

main is a Function

119

(1)

Recursive Functions

120

(1)

Scope Rules

121

(18)

Local Variables

122

(1)

Procedural Abstraction

122

(3)

Global Constants and Global Variables

125

(3)

Blocks

128

(1)

Nested Scopes

129

(1)

Tip: Use Function Calls in Branching and Loop Statements

129

(1)

Variables Declared in a for Loop

130

(1)

Chapter Summary

131

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

131

(4)

Programming Projects

135

(4)

Parameters and Overloading

139

(42)

Parameters

140

(18)

Call-by-Value Parameters

140

(3)

A First Look at Call-by-Reference Parameters

143

(2)

Call-by-Reference Mechanism in Detail

145

(2)

Constant Reference Parameters

147

(1)

Example: The swap Values Function

148

(1)

Tip: Think of Actions, Not Code

149

(1)

Mixed Parameter Lists

150

(1)

Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use

151

(1)

Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables

152

(3)

Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names

155

(1)

Example: Buying Pizza

155

(3)

Overloading and Default Arguments

158

(11)

Introduction to Overloading

159

(2)

Pitfall: Automatic Type Conversion and Overloading

161

(2)

Rules for Resolving Overloading

163

(1)

Example: Revised Pizza-Buying Program

164

(3)

Default Arguments

167

(2)

Testing and Debugging Functions

169

(12)

The assert Macro

169

(1)

Stubs and Drivers

170

(4)

Chapter Summary

174

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

174

(2)

Programming Projects

176

(5)

Arrays

181

(54)

Introduction to Arrays

182

(9)

Declaring and Referencing Arrays

182

(3)

Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays

185

(1)

Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero

185

(1)

Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array

185

(1)

Arrays in Memory

186

(1)

Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range

187

(2)

Initializing Arrays

189

(2)

Arrays in Functions

191

(13)

Indexed Variables as Function Arguments

191

(2)

Entire Arrays as Function Arguments

193

(3)

The const Parameter Modifier

196

(2)

Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters

198

(1)

Functions That Return an Array

198

(1)

Example: Production Graph

199

(5)

Programming With Arrays

204

(10)

Partially Filled Arrays

204

(1)

Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters

205

(2)

Example: Searching an Array

207

(3)

Example: Sorting an Array

210

(4)

Multidimensional Arrays

214

(21)

Multidimensional Array Basics

214

(2)

Multidimensional Array Parameters

216

(1)

Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program

217

(5)

Chapter Summary

222

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

223

(4)

Programming Projects

227

(8)

Structures and Classes

235

(36)

Structures

236

(13)

Structure Types

238

(4)

Pitfall: Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition

242

(1)

Structures as Function Arguments

242

(1)

Tip: Use Hierarchical Structures

243

(3)

Initializing Structures

246

(3)

Classes

249

(22)

Defining Classes and Member Functions

249

(5)

Encapsulation

254

(1)

Public and Private Members

255

(4)

Accessor and Mutator Functions

259

(2)

Tip: Separate Interface and Implementation

261

(1)

Tip: A Test for Encapsulation

262

(1)

Structures versus Classes

263

(2)

Tip: Thinking Objects

265

(1)

Chapter Summary

265

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

266

(2)

Programming Projects

268

(3)

Constructors and Other Tools

271

(46)

Constructors

272

(19)

Constructor Definitions

272

(5)

Pitfall: Constructors with No Arguments

277

(2)

Explicit Constructor Calls

279

(1)

Tip: Always Include a Default Constructor

279

(3)

Example: BankAccount Class

282

(6)

Class Type Member Variables

288

(3)

More Tools

291

(13)

The const Parameter Modifier

292

(2)

Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const

294

(4)

Inline Functions

298

(1)

Static Members

299

(5)

Nested and Local Class Definitions

304

(1)

Vectors---A Previews of the Standard Template Library

304

(13)

Vector Basics

305

(3)

Pitfall: Using Square Brackets beyond the Vector Size

308

(1)

Tip: Vector Assignment Is Well Behaved

309

(1)

Efficiency Issues

309

(2)

Chapter Summary

311

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

311

(3)

Programming Projects

314

(3)

Operator Overloading, Friends, and References

317

(50)

Basic Operator Overloading

318

(16)

Overloading Basics

319

(5)

Tip: A Constructor Can Return an Object

324

(1)

Returning by const Value

325

(3)

Tip: Returning Member Variables of a Class Type

328

(1)

Overloading Unary Operators

329

(1)

Overloading as Members Functions

330

(2)

Tip: A Class Has Access to All Its Objects

332

(1)

Overloading Function Application ( )

333

(1)

Pitfall: Overloading &&, ||, and the Comma Operator

334

(1)

Friend Functions and Automatic Type Conversion

334

(8)

Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion

334

(1)

Pitfall: Member Operators and Automatic Type Conversion

335

(1)

Friend Functions

336

(4)

Pitfall: Compilers without Friends

340

(1)

Friend Classes

340

(2)

References and More Overloaded Operators

342

(25)

References

342

(1)

Pitfall: Returning a Reference to Certain Member Variables

343

(1)

Overloading >> and <<

344

(7)

Tip: What Mode of Returned Value to Use

351

(2)

The Assignment Operator

353

(1)

Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators

354

(3)

Overloading the Array Operator [ ]

357

(2)

Overloading Based on L-Value versus R-Value

359

(1)

Chapter Summary

359

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

360

(2)

Programming Projects

362

(5)

Strings

367

(54)

An Array Type for Strings

368

(14)

C-String Values and C-String Variables

369

(4)

Pitfall: Using = and = = with C-Strings

373

(2)

Other Functions in <cstring>

375

(4)

C-String Input and Output

379

(3)

Character Manipulation Tools

382

(12)

Character I/O

382

(1)

The Member Functions get and put

382

(3)

Example: Checking Input Using a Newline Function

385

(1)

Pitfall: Unexpected `\n' in Input

386

(2)

The putback, peek, and ignore Member Functions

388

(2)

Character-Manipulating Functions

390

(2)

Pitfall: toupper and to lower Return int Values

392

(2)

The Standard Class string

394

(27)

Introduction to the Standard Class string

394

(2)

I/O with the Class string

396

(5)

Tip: More Versions of getline

401

(1)

Pitfall: Mixing cin >> variable; and getline

401

(1)

String Processing with the Class string

402

(4)

Example: Palindrome Testing

406

(5)

Converting between string Objects and C-Strings

411

(1)

Chapter Summary

411

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

412

(3)

Programming Projects

415

(6)

Pointers and Dynamic Arrays

421

(54)

Pointers

422

(17)

Pointer Variables

423

(8)

Basic Memory Management

431

(3)

Pitfall: Dangling Pointers

434

(1)

Dynamic Variables and Automatic Variables

434

(1)

Tip: Define Pointer Types

435

(2)

Pitfall: Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters

437

(2)

Uses for Pointers

439

(1)

Dynamic Arrays

439

(12)

Array Variables and Pointer Variables

439

(2)

Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays

441

(4)

Example: A Function That Returns an Array

445

(2)

Pointer Arithmetic

447

(1)

Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays

448

(3)

Classes, Pointers, and Dynamic Arrays

451

(24)

The -< Operator

451

(1)

The this Pointer

452

(1)

Overloading the Assignment Operator

453

(3)

Example: A Class for Partially Filled Arrays

456

(7)

Destructors

463

(2)

Copy Constructors

465

(4)

Chapter Summary

469

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

470

(2)

Programming Projects

472

(3)

Separate Compilation and Namespaces

475

(44)

Separate Compilation

476

(15)

Encapsulation Reviewed

477

(1)

Header Files and Implementation Files

478

(8)

Example: DigitalTime Class

486

(1)

Tip: Reusable Components

487

(1)

Using #ifndef

487

(3)

Tip: Defining Other Libraries

490

(1)

Namespaces

491

(28)

Namespaces and using Directives

491

(2)

Creating a Namespace

493

(3)

Using Declarations

496

(2)

Qualifying Names

498

(2)

Tip: Choosing a Name for a Namespace

500

(1)

Example: A Class Definition in a Namespace

501

(1)

Unnamed Namespaces

502

(7)

Pitfall: Confusing the Global Namespace and the Unnamed Namespace

509

(1)

Tip: Unnamed Namespaces Replace the static Qualifer

509

(1)

Tip: Hiding Helping Functions

509

(1)

Nested Namespaces

510

(1)

Tip: What Namespace Specification Should You Use?

510

(4)

Chapter Summary

514

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

514

(2)

Programming Projects

516

(3)

Streams and File I/O

519

(52)

I/O Streams

521

(16)

File I/O

521

(5)

Pitfall: Restrictions on Stream Variables

526

(1)

Appending to a File

526

(2)

Tip: Another Syntax for Opening a File

528

(1)

Tip: Check That a File Was Opened Successfully

529

(3)

Character I/O

532

(1)

Checking for the End of a File

533

(4)

Tools for Stream I/O

537

(14)

File Names as Input

537

(1)

Formatting Output with Stream Functions

538

(4)

Manipulators

542

(1)

Saving Flag Settings

543

(1)

More Output Stream Member Functions

544

(2)

Example: Cleaning Up a File Format

546

(2)

Example: Editing a Text File

548

(3)

Stream Hierarchies: A Preview of Inheritance

551

(6)

Inheritance among Stream Classes

551

(2)

Example: Another new Line Function

553

(4)

Random Access to Files

557

(14)

Chapter Summary

559

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

559

(3)

Programming Projects

562

(9)

Recursion

571

(38)

Recursive void Functions

573

(12)

Example: Vertical Numbers

573

(3)

Tracing a Recursive Call

576

(3)

A Closer Look at Recursion

579

(1)

Pitfall: Infinite Recursion

580

(2)

Stacks for Recursion

582

(2)

Pitfall: Stack Overflow

584

(1)

Recursion versus Iteration

584

(1)

Recursive Functions That Return a Value

585

(6)

General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value

585

(1)

Example: Another Powers Function

586

(5)

Thinking Recursively

591

(18)

Recursive Design Techniques

591

(1)

Binary Search

592

(9)

Chapter Summary

601

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

601

(5)

Programming Projects

606

(3)

Inheritance

609

(46)

Inheritance Basics

610

(23)

Derived Classes

610

(10)

Constructors in Derived Classes

620

(2)

Pitfall: Use of Private Member Variables from the Base Class

622

(2)

Pitfall: Private Member Functions Are Effectively Not Inherited

624

(1)

The protected Qualifier

624

(3)

Redefinition of Member Functions

627

(2)

Redefining versus Overloading

629

(1)

Access to a Redefined Base Function

630

(1)

Functions That Are Not Inherited

631

(2)

Programming With Inheritance

633

(22)

Assignment Operators and Copy Constructors in Derived Classes

633

(1)

Destructors in Derived Classes

634

(1)

Example: Partially Filled Array with Backup

634

(9)

Pitfall: Same Object on Both Sides of the Assignment Operator

643

(1)

Example: Alternate Implementation of PFArrayDBak

644

(3)

Tip: A Class Has Access to Private Members of All Objects of the Class

647

(1)

Tip: ``Is a'' versus ``Has a''

647

(1)

Protected and Private Inheritance

648

(1)

Multiple Inheritance

649

(1)

Chapter Summary

650

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

650

(2)

Programming Projects

652

(3)

Polymorphism and Virtual Functions

655

(28)

Virtual Function Basics

656

(13)

Late Binding

656

(1)

Virtual Functions in C++

657

(7)

Tip: The Virtual Property Is Inherited

664

(1)

Tip: When to Use a Virtual Function

664

(1)

Pitfall: Omitting the Definition of a Virtual Member Function

665

(1)

Abstract Classes and Pure Virtual Functions

665

(2)

Example: An Abstract Class

667

(2)

Pointers and Virtual Functions

669

(14)

Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility

669

(5)

Pitfall: The Slicing Problem

674

(1)

Tip: Make Destructors Virtual

675

(1)

Downcasting and Upcasting

676

(2)

How C++ Implements Virtual Functions

678

(1)

Chapter Summary

679

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

679

(1)

Programming Projects

680

(3)

Templates

683

(38)

Function Templates

684

(14)

Syntax for Function Templates

686

(3)

Pitfall: Compiler Complications

689

(1)

Tip: How to Define Templates

690

(2)

Example: A Generic Sorting Function

692

(4)

Pitfall: Using a Template with an Inappropriate Type

696

(2)

Class Templates

698

(11)

Syntax for Class Templates

698

(5)

Example: An Array Template Class

703

(6)

The vector and basic_string Templates

709

(1)

Templates and Inheritance

709

(12)

Example: Template Class for a Partially Filled Array with Backup

710

(6)

Chapter Summary

716

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

716

(4)

Programming Projects

720

(1)

Linked Data Structures

721

(72)

Nodes and Linked Lists

723

(24)

Nodes

723

(5)

Linked Lists

728

(2)

Inserting a Node at the Head of a List

730

(3)

Pitfall: Losing Nodes

733

(1)

Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List

734

(4)

Pitfall: Using the Assignment Operator with Dynamic Data Structures

738

(1)

Searching a Linked List

738

(5)

Example: A Generic Sorting Template Version of Linked List Tools

743

(4)

Linked List Applications

747

(15)

Example: A Stack Template Class

748

(7)

Example: A Queue Template Class

755

(3)

Tip: A Comment on Namespaces

758

(1)

Friend Classes and Similar Alternatives

759

(3)

Iterators

762

(9)

Pointers as Iterators

762

(1)

Iterator Classes

763

(1)

Example: An Iterator Class

764

(7)

Trees

771

(22)

Tree Properties

772

(3)

Example: A Tree Template Class

775

(5)

Chapter Summary

780

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

780

(8)

Programming Projects

788

(5)

Exception Handling

793

(30)

Exception Handling Basics

795

(20)

A Toy Example of Exception Handling

795

(9)

Defining Your Own Exception Classes

804

(2)

Multiple Throws and Catches

806

(2)

Pitfall: Catch the More Specific Exception First

808

(1)

Tip: Exception Classes Can Be Trivial

809

(1)

Throwing an Exception in a Function

810

(1)

Exception Specification

810

(4)

Pitfall: Exception Specification in Derived Classes

814

(1)

Programming Techniques for Exception Handling

815

(8)

When to Throw an Exception

815

(2)

Pitfall: Uncaught Exceptions

817

(1)

Pitfall: Nested try-catch Blocks

817

(1)

Pitfall: Overuse of Exceptions

818

(1)

Exception Class Hierarchies

818

(1)

Testing for Available Memory

818

(1)

Rethrowing an Exception

819

(1)

Chapter Summary

819

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

820

(1)

Programming Projects

821

(2)

Standard Template Library

823

(52)

Iterators

825

(14)

Iterator Basics

825

(6)

Kinds of Iterators

831

(3)

Constant and Mutable Iterators

834

(2)

Reverse Iterators

836

(2)

Pitfall: Compiler Problems

838

(1)

Other Kinds of Iterators

838

(1)

Containers

839

(14)

Sequential Containers

839

(5)

Pitfall: Iterators and Removing Elements

844

(1)

Tip: Type Definitions in Containers

844

(1)

The Container Adapters stack and queue

845

(1)

The Associative Containers set and map

846

(5)

Efficiency

851

(2)

Generic Algorithms

853

(22)

Running Times and Big-O Notation

854

(4)

Container Access Running Times

858

(1)

Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms

859

(4)

Modifying Sequence Algorithms

863

(2)

Set Algorithms

865

(1)

Sorting Algorithms

865

(2)

Chapter Summary

867

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

868

(2)

Programming Projects

870

(5)

Patterns and UML

875

(36)

Patterns

876

(11)

Adapter Pattern

877

(1)

The Model-View-Controller Pattern

877

(2)

Example: A Sorting Pattern

879

(6)

Efficiency of the Sorting Pattern

885

(1)

Tip: Pragmatics and Patterns

886

(1)

Pattern Formalism

886

(1)

UML

887

(6)

History of UML

887

(1)

UML Class Diagrams

888

(1)

Class Interactions

889

(1)

Chapter Summary

889

(1)

Answers to Self-Test Exercises

889

(2)

Programming Projects

891

(2)

Appendix 1 C++ Keywords

893

(2)

Appendix 2 Precedence of Operators

895

(4)

Appendix 3 The ASCII Character Set

899

(2)

Appendix 4 Some Library Functions

901

(8)

Arithmetic Functions

901

(1)

Input and Output Member Functions

902

(1)

Character Functions

903

(1)

C-String Functions

904

(2)

string Class Functions

906

(1)

Random Number Generator

907

(1)

Trigonometric Functions

908

(1)

Appendix 5 Old and New Header Files

909

(2)

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Absolute C++

Absolute C++

9780321330239

0321330234

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Absolute C++

Absolute C++

9780321330239

0321330234

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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