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The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

by: Fiorina, Morris P.; Peterson, Paul E.; Johnson, Bertram; Voss, D. Stephen

The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

by: Fiorina, Morris P.; Peterson, Paul E.; Johnson, Bertram; Voss, D. Stephen

ISBN 13:
9780321210012
ISBN 10:
0321210018
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2005
Publisher: Longman
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Summary

With an emphasis on elections and their importance in our political system, Morris Fiorina and Paul Peterson' s groundbreaking text offers a stimulating, analytical approach to American government that engages students as it gives them a unique understanding of their political system as it exists and functions today.

To the Students

xix

To Our Colleagues

xxv

Acknowledgments

xxxi

About the Authors

xxxiii

PART 1 The Foundations of a New American Democracy

Democracy in the United States

(24)

Elections in America

(3)

Half-a-Million Elected Officials

(1)

Nominating Candidates and Deciding Issues

(2)

International Comparison: Elections in Other Democracies

(1)

Government and Politics

(2)

Types of Government

(3)

Government by One Person

(1)

Government by the Few

(1)

Government by the Many

(1)

Popular and Responsible Democracy in the United States

(1)

The New American Democracy

(9)

The Permanent Campaign

(5)

Minorities and Elections

(3)

Majorities and Elections

(1)

Reform?

(1)

Benefits of an Electoral Democracy: A Pretty Good Government

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

On the Web

(1)

Establishing a Constitutional Democracy

(30)

The Colonial and Revolutionary Era

(6)

The Colonial Experience with Democracy

(2)

Spread of Democratic Ideals During the Revolutionary War

(2)

Theory of Rights and Representation

(2)

Government After Independence

(3)

Broadening Participation

(1)

The Articles of Confederation (1781--1789)

(2)

Drafting and Adopting a New Constitution

(10)

The Constitutional Convention

(3)

A Government of Separated Powers

(3)

The Bill of Rights

(1)

The Anti-Federalist---Federalist Debate

(2)

Amendments to the Constitution

(2)

Election Connection: Amendments to the Constitution Have Extended Liberties and Tightened the Election Connection

(1)

The Constitution: An Assessment

(4)

A Step Backward?

(2)

Achievements

(1)

The Constitution Today

(1)

International Comparison: Constitution Making in Iraq

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

On the Web

(1)

Federalism: Division of Power Among National, State, and Local Governments

(30)

The Federalism Debate: It's New But It's Old

(3)

Federalism in Context

(1)

International Comparison: Great Britain and the United States: Unitary and Federal Governments

(1)

Federalism and the Ratification of the Constitution

(1)

The Evolution of the Federalism Debate

(3)

Dual Sovereignty and Nullification

(2)

The Supreme Court and the Meaning of Dual Sovereignty

(4)

The Commerce Clause and the Court-Packing Episode

(2)

Necessary and Proper Clause

(1)

State Sovereign Immunity

(1)

Cooperative Federalism

(9)

Spending Clause

(1)

A Government of Shared Functions

(1)

Categorical Grants

(1)

Problems of Implementation

(1)

Block Grants

(3)

The Contemporary Debate

(1)

Democratic Dilemma: Categorical or Block Grant: Which Is Better?

(1)

Local Government

(4)

The Number and Types of Local Governments

(1)

Local Elections

(1)

Popularity of Local Government

(1)

Limits on Local Government

(1)

State Government

(3)

State Elections

(1)

Variation in State Government Responsibilities

(1)

Recent Developments at the State Level

(2)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

On the Web

(1)

American Political Culture

(34)

International Comparison: Citizenship in Europe and United States

(1)

Americans: A Contradictory People?

(1)

Social Diversity

(8)

A Nation of Immigrants Then

(4)

A Nation of Immigrants Now

(1)

Immigration as a Contemporary Issue

(3)

Philosophical Unity

(9)

American Individualism

(4)

The Tension Between Individualism and Equality

102

(1)

One Nation, Under God?

103

(3)

Why a Liberal Political Culture?

106

(5)

Traditional Explanations of American Liberalism

106

(2)

Newer Explanations

108

(2)

Election Connection: Bush Courts the Latino Vote

110

(1)

Chapter Summary

111

(1)

Key Terms

111

(1)

Suggested Readings

111

(1)

On the Web

112

(1)

Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Racial Politics of Affirmative Action

113

(6)

PART 2 The Ingredients of the New American Democracy

Public Opinion

119

(28)

What Is Public Opinion?

122

(1)

Sources of Public Opinion

122

(4)

Socialization

122

(1)

Personal Experiences

123

(1)

Self-Interest

123

(1)

Education

124

(1)

Reference Groups

124

(1)

The Media

125

(1)

Measuring Public Opinion

126

(8)

Sampling Error

126

(1)

Selection Bias

127

(1)

Measurement Error

128

(6)

Characteristics of Public Opinion

134

(7)

Public Opinion Is Uninformed

134

(3)

Public Opinion Is Not Ideological

137

(1)

Public Opinion Is Inconsistent

138

(3)

Governing by Public Opinion?

141

(4)

The Power of Public Opinion

141

(1)

The Limits of Public Opinion: Gun Control

142

(3)

Chapter Summary

145

(1)

Key Terms

145

(1)

Suggested Readings

146

(1)

On the Web

146

(1)

Individual Participation

147

(24)

A Brief History of the Franchise in the United States

149

(4)

Voting Rights in the Amendment Process

150

(2)

How Voting Rights Spread

152

(1)

Why People Participate: Costs and Benefits

153

(1)

International Comparisons of Voter Turnout

154

(6)

Personal Costs and Benefits: Registration

155

(1)

Election Connection: Nonvoters Who Actually Turned Out

156

(1)

Personal Costs and Benefits: Compulsion

157

(1)

Other Personal Costs and Benefits

157

(1)

Democratic Dilemma: Can Voters Speak for Those Who Abstain?

158

(1)

Mobilization and Turnout

159

(1)

Why Has American Turnout Declined?

160

(3)

Declining Personal Benefits

161

(1)

Declining Mobilization

161

(1)

Declining Social Connectedness

162

(1)

Who Votes and Who Doesn't?

163

(1)

Is Low Turnout a Problem?

164

(3)

Three Arguments Why Low Turnout Is Not a Problem

164

(1)

Three Arguments Why Low Turnout Is a Problem

165

(2)

Evaluating the Arguments

167

(1)

Beyond the Voting Booth

167

(2)

Chapter Summary

169

(1)

Key Terms

170

(1)

Suggested Readings

170

(1)

On the Web

170

(1)

Interest-Group Participation in American Democracy

171

(26)

Interest Groups in the United States

173

(3)

Growth and Development of Groups

173

(2)

The Nature and Variety of ``Interest Groups''

175

(1)

Forming and Maintaining Interest Groups

176

(6)

The Free-Rider Problem

177

(1)

Overcoming the Free-Rider Problem

178

(4)

How Interest Groups Influence Government

182

(9)

Lobbying

182

(2)

Grassroots Lobbying

184

(1)

Electioneering and PACs

184

(2)

Persuading the Public

186

(2)

Direct Action

188

(1)

Litigation

188

(1)

Democratic Dilemma: Strange Bedfellows: The Battle for Seattle, 1999

189

(1)

Why Groups Use Particular Tactics

190

(1)

How Influential Are Interest Groups?

191

(1)

Subgovernments

191

(1)

Issue Networks

192

(1)

Interest Groups and Democratic Politics

192

(3)

Chapter Summary

195

(1)

Key Terms

195

(1)

Suggested Readings

195

(1)

On the Web

196

(1)

Political Parties

197

(24)

What Parties Do

199

(6)

How Parties Contribute to Democratic Politics

200

(1)

How Parties Detract from Democratic Politics

201

(4)

The Balance Sheet

205

(1)

Political Parties in American History

205

(8)

The Party-Systems Interpretation of American History

206

(6)

Democratic Dilemma: Is Gridlock Necessarily Bad?

212

(1)

Two-Party and Multi-Party Systems

213

(2)

How Strong Are American Parties Today?

215

(4)

The Decline of Party Organizations

216

(1)

The Revival of Party Organizations?

217

(2)

Parties Versus Interest Groups

219

(1)

Chapter Summary

219

(1)

Key Terms

220

(1)

Suggested Readings

220

(1)

On the Web

220

(1)

The Media

221

(32)

Development of the Mass Media

223

(7)

Newspapers and Magazines

223

(2)

Radio

225

(1)

Television

226

(1)

New Media

227

(2)

Government Regulation of the Electronic Media

229

(1)

What Information Sources Do Americans Rely On?

230

(2)

Media Effects

232

(4)

Agenda Setting

232

(1)

Priming and Framing

233

(1)

Socialization

234

(1)

How Strong Are Media Effects?

235

(1)

Media Biases

236

(6)

Ideological Bias

236

(2)

Selection Bias

238

(2)

International Comparison: Aljazeera---Questionable Sources?

240

(1)

Professional Bias

240

(1)

Prospects for Change

241

(1)

The Media and Electoral Politics

242

(3)

Campaign Coverage

242

(1)

The Conventions

243

(1)

The Presidential Debates

244

(1)

Media Coverage of Government

245

(2)

Emphasis on the President (and Other Personalities)

245

(1)

Emphasis on Conflict

245

(2)

Emphasis on the Negative

247

(1)

Exaggerated Concern with the Press

247

(1)

Chapter Summary

247

(1)

Key Terms

248

(1)

Suggested Readings

248

(1)

On the Web

248

(1)

Voices of the Permanent Campaign: Cultural Politics in America

249

(4)

PART 3 Campaigns and Elections

Electing the President

253

(28)

Nominating a Presidential Candidate

255

(8)

Caucuses

255

(1)

Election Connection: A 2004 Caucus Experience

256

(1)

Primaries

257

(1)

Evolution of the Nomination Process

257

(1)

Financing Nomination Campaigns

258

(1)

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Nomination Process

259

(3)

Who Nominates the Vice-President?

262

(1)

The General Election for President

263

(4)

Financing the General-Election Campaign

263

(1)

Spending in the General-Election Campaign

264

(1)

International Comparison: Campaign Financing in Other Democracies

265

(1)

The Electoral College

266

(1)

Voting Behavior in Presidential Elections

267

(7)

When Americans Decide

267

(1)

How Americans Decide

268

(5)

Limited Media Influence on Presidential Elections

273

(1)

The Contemporary Presidential Election Scene

274

(5)

The 1970s and 1980s: Republican ``Lock''

274

(1)

The 1990s: Democratic Resurgence

275

(3)

The 2000 Election

278

(1)

The 2004 Showdown

279

(1)

Chapter Summary

279

(1)

Key Terms

279

(1)

Suggested Readings

280

(1)

On the Web

280

(1)

Choosing the Congress

281

(30)

The Electoral Evolution of the Congress

283

(2)

Reapportionment and Redistricting

285

(1)

Democratic Dilemma: Why Not Senate Districts?

286

(1)

The Congressional Nomination Process

286

(1)

Contemporary House Elections

287

(7)

Party Decline

288

(1)

Growth in Importance of ``Representative'' Behavior

288

(1)

Expanding Member Resources

289

(1)

Campaign Funds

290

(2)

More Responsive Incumbents

292

(2)

Contemporary Senate Elections

294

(2)

Party Competition

294

(1)

Uncontrolled Information

294

(1)

Better Challengers

295

(1)

High Ambitions

295

(1)

National Forces in Congressional Elections

296

(3)

National Forces in the 1990s: A New Era?

297

(1)

Congressional Elections in the 2000s: Neck and Neck

297

(1)

Why Have National Forces Grown Stronger?

298

(1)

Do Congressional Elections Produce a Representative Body?

299

(5)

Women

300

(1)

Minorities

301

(2)

Elections, Parties, and Group Representation

303

(1)

Chapter Summary

304

(1)

Key Terms

305

(1)

Suggested Readings

305

(1)

On the Web

305

(1)

Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Funding of Election Campaigns

306

(5)

PART 4 The Government

The Congress and Its Work

311

(24)

Congress---The First Branch

314

(2)

The Organization of Congress

316

(10)

The Congressional Parties

316

(1)

International Comparison: Congress in a Presidential System

317

(3)

The Committee System

320

(5)

Democratic Dilemma: Piles of Pork

325

(1)

Caucuses

326

(1)

How a Bill Becomes a Law

326

(3)

Evaluating Congress

329

(4)

Criticisms of Congress

329

(2)

Why Americans Like Their Members of Congress So Much More Than Congress Itself

331

(1)

Reforming Congress: Limit Their Terms?

332

(1)

Chapter Summary

333

(1)

Key Terms

334

(1)

Suggested Readings

334

(1)

On the Web

334

(1)

The Presidency: Powers and Practice

335

(28)

Presidential Constituencies

337

(2)

National Constituency

337

(1)

Partisan Constituencies

338

(1)

Partisan Support in Congress

338

(1)

Separate Institutions Sharing Power

339

(18)

Democratic Dilemma: Is Divided Government Good or Bad?

340

(1)

The Power to Inform and Persuade

341

(3)

The Veto Power

344

(1)

The Appointment Power

345

(3)

The Power to Recommend

348

(3)

International Comparison: The Chief of State in Other Countries

351

(1)

The President as Chief of State

351

(3)

Inherent Executive Power

354

(2)

The Impeachment Power

356

(1)

Presidential Expectations and Presidential Performance

357

(4)

Presidential Reputations

357

(1)

Presidential Popularity

357

(1)

Great Presidents

358

(3)

Chapter Summary

361

(1)

Key Terms

361

(1)

Suggested Readings

362

(1)

On the Web

362

(1)

The Bureaucracy

363

(32)

The Role of the Bureaucracy

365

(2)

The Bureaucracy Problem

367

(2)

Impossibility of Tasks

367

(1)

Difficulty Measuring Performance

367

(1)

Expansionary Tendencies

368

(1)

Slow to Change

368

(1)

Red Tape

368

(1)

American Bureaucracies: Particularly Political

369

(7)

Difficult Beginnings

370

(1)

Mountains of Patronage

370

(1)

Advantages of the Spoils System

371

(1)

Disadvantages of the Spoils System

372

(1)

Erosion of the Spoils System

373

(1)

Political Appointees Today

374

(1)

International Comparison: Political Versus Professional Bureaucrats

375

(1)

The President and the Bureaucracy

376

(5)

The Cabinet

377

(1)

Independent Regulatory Agencies

378

(2)

Office of Management and Budget

380

(1)

Congress and the Bureaucracy

381

(7)

Senate Confirmations

381

(2)

Agency Reorganization

383

(1)

Legislative Detail

383

(1)

Budgetary Control

384

(1)

Election Connection: Congressional Legislation: A Matter of Detail

385

(1)

Legislative Oversight

385

(1)

Iron Triangles and Issue Networks

386

(2)

Elections and the Bureaucracy

388

(5)

Bureaucratic Secrecy

389

(1)

Bureaucratic Coercion

390

(1)

Agency Expansion

390

(1)

Administrator Caution

391

(1)

Compromised Capacity

391

(1)

Muddling Through

391

(2)

Chapter Summary

393

(1)

Key Terms

393

(1)

Suggested Readings

393

(1)

On the Web

394

(1)

The Courts

395

(38)

State Courts

397

(2)

State Trial Courts: The Judicial Workhorses

397

(2)

Prosecuting State Cases

399

(1)

An Independent and Powerful Federal Judiciary

399

(7)

Tenure and Salary

399

(1)

Judicial Review

400

(1)

Three Theories of Constitutional Interpretation

401

(2)

Judicial Review in Practice

403

(2)

International Comparison: Statutory Interpretation in the United States and Britain

405

(1)

Statutory Interpretation

406

(1)

The Federal Court System in Practice

406

(6)

District Courts

407

(1)

Appeals Courts

408

(1)

Specialized Courts

408

(1)

Selection of Federal Judges

408

(1)

Deciding to Prosecute

409

(1)

Relations Between State and Federal Courts

410

(2)

The Supreme Court

412

(10)

The Politics of Supreme Court Appointments

412

(3)

Election Connection: The Thomas Nomination and the ``Year of the Woman''

415

(1)

Stare Decisis

415

(1)

Certs

416

(1)

The Role of the Chief Justice

417

(1)

The Role of the Solicitor General

418

(1)

The Role of Clerks

418

(1)

Supreme Court Decision Making

419

(2)

Voting on the Supreme Court

421

(1)

Checks on Court Power

422

(1)

Constitutional Amendment

422

(1)

Statutory Revision

422

(1)

Nonimplementation

423

(1)

Litigation as a Political Strategy

423

(1)

Chapter Summary

424

(1)

Key Terms

425

(1)

Suggested Readings

425

(1)

On the Web

426

(1)

Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Politics of the New Department of Homeland Security

427

(6)

PART 5 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

Civil Liberties

433

(30)

Origins of Civil Liberties in the United States

435

(3)

Origins of the Bill of Rights

435

(1)

Few Liberties Before the Civil War

436

(1)

Applying the Bill of Rights to State Governments

437

(1)

Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Press

438

(8)

Free Speech and Majoritarian Democracy

438

(1)

From ``Bad Tendency'' to ``Clear and Present Danger''

439

(2)

Democratic Dilemma: Do Campus Speech Codes Unduly Restrict Free Speech?

441

(1)

Fighting Words Doctrine

441

(1)

Balancing Doctrine

442

(1)

Fundamental Freedoms Doctrine

442

(2)

Freedom of the Press

444

(1)

Freedom of Association

444

(1)

Limitations on Free Expression

445

(1)

Freedom of Religion

446

(3)

Establishment of Religion Clause

446

(2)

Free Exercise of Religion Clause

448

(1)

Establishment of Religion or Free Exercise?

448

(1)

Law, Order, and the Rights of Suspects

449

(7)

Election Politics and Criminal Justice

449

(1)

International Comparison: United States Has Much Higher Murder, but Not Burglary, Rates Than Most Other Countries

450

(1)

Search and Seizure

451

(1)

Immunity Against Self-Incrimination

452

(1)

Impartial Jury

453

(1)

Legal Counsel

454

(1)

Double Jeopardy

454

(1)

Rights in Practice: Habeas Corpus

454

(1)

Rights in Practice: The Plea Bargain

455

(1)

The Right of Privacy

456

(4)

Regulation of Sexual Behavior

456

(1)

Abortion: Right to Life or Right to Choose?

457

(1)

Privacy in the Information Age

458

(2)

Chapter Summary

460

(1)

Key Terms

460

(1)

Suggested Readings

461

(1)

On the Web

461

(2)

Civil Rights

463

(34)

Origins of Civil Rights

465

(5)

Conflict Over Civil Rights After the Civil War

466

(1)

Early Court Interpretations of Civil Rights

467

(1)

Blacks Get Electoral Power

468

(1)

Awakening the Supreme Court to Civil Rights

469

(1)

Redefining the Equal Protection Clause

470

(9)

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

470

(2)

Civil Rights After Brown

472

(3)

Decline in Strength of the Civil Rights Movement

475

(1)

Supreme Court No Longer Forges Ahead

476

(1)

Affirmative Action

476

(2)

Elections, Courts, and Civil Rights: An Appraisal

478

(1)

Civil Rights of Other Minorities

479

(5)

Latinos

479

(2)

Asian Americans

481

(1)

Gays and Lesbians

482

(1)

Native Americans

483

(1)

Women's Rights

484

(5)

The Right to Equality Before the Law

484

(2)

Initial Court Response to Women's Rights

486

(1)

Discrimination in the Workplace

486

(1)

Sexual Harassment

487

(1)

Single-Sex Schools and Colleges

488

(1)

The Future of Women's Rights

488

(1)

Americans with Disabilities

489

(1)

Chapter Summary

490

(1)

Key Terms

491

(1)

Suggested Readings

491

(1)

On the Web

492

(1)

Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Politics of the Death Penalty

493

(4)

Appendices

I The Declaration of Independence

497

(4)

II The Constitution of the United States of America

501

(16)

III The Federalist No. 10

517

(5)

IV The Federalist No. 51

522

(4)

V Presidents of the United States of America

526

(2)

Photo Credits

528

(1)

Glossary

529

(8)

Endnotes

537

(28)

Name Index

565

(4)

Subject Index

569

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The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

9780321210012

0321210018

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

9780321210012

0321210018

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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