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| Preface | |
| Understanding the City, Its Origin And Development | |
| Exploring The City | |
| Why Study the City? | |
| Deciding What Is Urban | |
| The Urban Transformation | |
| Urbanization as a Process | |
| Levels of Urbanization | |
| Urbanism as a Way of Life | |
| The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives | |
| The C... MORE | |
| The Emergence of Urban Sociology | |
| Critical Urban Sociology: The City and Capitalism | |
| Social Psychology: The Urban Experience | |
| Geography and Spatial Perspectives | |
| Comparative Urbanism: The City and Culture | |
| The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities | |
| The City in Global Perspective | |
| The Quality of City Life | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| The Origins and Development of the World's Cities | |
| Urban Origins | |
| Archaeology: Digging the Early City | |
| The First Permanent Settlements | |
| The City Emerges | |
| The First Urban Revolution: City-States and Urban Empires | |
| The Near East: Mesopotamia and Egypt | |
| The Indus Region | |
| A Glance Eastward: China | |
| A Glance Westward: The Americas | |
| Summary: Traits of Early Cities | |
| Crete and Greece | |
| Rome | |
| Decline: The Middle Ages | |
| Revival: Medieval and Renaissance Cities | |
| The Second Urban Revolution: The Rise of Modern Cities | |
| Case Study: London-The History of a World City | |
| Beginnings: l55 b - l1066 T | |
| The Medieval City: 1066-1550 | |
| The World City Emerges: 1550-1800 | |
| Industrialization and Colonization: 1800-1900 | |
| The Modern Era: l1900 to the Present | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| The Development of North American Cities | |
| The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 | |
| Colonial City Characteristics | |
| The City-Instigated Revolutionary War | |
| Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 | |
| The Beginnings of Industrialization | |
| Urban-Rural/North-South Tensions | |
| The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 | |
| Technological Advance | |
| Suburbs and the Gilded Age | |
| The Great Migration | |
| Politics and Problems | |
| The Quality of Life in the New Metropolis | |
| The North American City Today: l1950 to the Present | |
| Decentralization | |
| The Sunbelt Expansion | |
| The Coming of the Postindustrial City | |
| Deterioration and Regeneration | |
| The Future | |
| The Human Cost of Economic Restructuring | |
| Case Study: New York-The Big Appl | |
| The Colonial Era | |
| Growth and Expansion | |
| The Great Metropolis Emerges | |
| New York Today | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Today's Cities and Suburbs | |
| Urban and Suburban Sprawl | |
| What Is Sprawl? | |
| Why Do We Have Sprawl? | |
| Sprawl Consequences | |
| Smart Growth | |
| Land Purchases | |
| Urban Growth Boundaries | |
| Revitalizing Existing Cities and Towns | |
| Transit-Oriented Approaches | |
| Exurbs | |
| The New Cities | |
| Characteristics and Commonalities | |
| Types of Edge Cities | |
| Evolving Middle-Class Centers | |
| Three Edge City Variations | |
| Gated Communities | |
| Types of Gated Communities | |
| A Sense of Community | |
| Common-Interest Developments;Case Study: Portland, Oregon | |
| The Physical Setting | |
| History | |
| Urban Decline and the Planners' | |
| Response to Sprawl | |
| Portland Today | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Disciplinary Perspectives | |
| Urban Sociology: Classic and Modern Statements | |
| The European Tradition: 1846-1921 | |
| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: From Barbarism to Civilization | |
| Ferdinand Tönnies: FromGemeinschaft | |
| toGesellschaft | |
| Emile Durkheim: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity | |
| Georg Simmel: The Mental Life of the Metropolis | |
| Max Weber: The Historical and Comparative Study of Cities | |
| The European Tradition: An Evaluation | |
| Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 | |
| Robert Park and Sociology at the University of Chicago | |
| Louis Wirth and Urban Theory | |
| Herbert Gans and the Urban Mosaic | |
| Wirth and Gans: A Comparison | |
| The Classic Theories and Modern Research: Myths and Realities | |
| Tolerance in the City | |
| Impersonality in the City | |
| Density and Urban Pathology | |
| Urban Malaise | |
| New Directions in Urban Sociology | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Spatial Perspectives: Making Sense of Space | |
| Urban Geography | |
| The Location of Cities | |
| Why Cities Are Where They Are | |
| The Shape of the City | |
| The Radiocentric City | |
| The Gridiron City | |
| Urban Ecology | |
| Concentric Zones | |
| Sectors | |
| Multiple Nuclei | |
| Limitations | |
| Social Area Analysis and Mapping | |
| GIS Mapping | |
| Limitations | |
| The Los Angeles School and Postmodernism | |
| Building Blocks | |
| Main Arguments | |
| Limitations | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Critical Urban Sociology | |
| Urban Economics: The Traditional Perspective | |
| Central Place Theory | |
| The General Pattern of Land Use | |
| Limitations | |
| Political Economy: The Ne | |
| Perspective | |
| Henri Lefebvre: Redefining the Study of Cities | |
| Urban Areas as Themed Environments | |
| David Harvey: The Baltimore Study | |
| Manuel Castells: Updating Marx | |
| Allen Scott: Business Location and the Global Economy | |
| John Logan and Harvey Molotch: Urban Growth Machines | |
| The Global Economy | |
| Deindustrialization | |
| Economic Restructuring | |
| World-Systems Analysis | |
| Urban Political Economy: Four Principles | |
| The Urbanization of Poverty | |
| The Developing World | |
| The Developed World | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Social Psychology: The Urban Experience | |
| The Physical Environment | |
| Kevin Lynch: The Image of the City | |
| Stanley Milgram: More on Mental Maps | |
| The Social Environment:Gesellschaft | |
| The Pedestrian: Watching Your Step | |
| A World of Strangers | |
| Class, Race, and the Urban Experience | |
| The City asGesellschaft: A Reassessment | |
| The Social Environment:Gemeinschaft | |
| Urban Networks | |
| Identifying with the City | |
| The City asGemeinschaft: A Reassessment | |
| The Texture of the City | |
| Humanizing the City | |
| Social Movements and City Life | |
| Suburban Life | |
| The Stereotypes | |
| The Physical Environment | |
| The Social Environment | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Comparative Urbanism: The City and Culture | |
| The City and the Countryside | |
| Interdependencies | |
| Urban Dominance | |
| The City and Civilization | |
| Oswald Spengler: The Sou of the City | |
| Lewis Mumford: The City as the Center of Civilization | |
| Daniel J. Monti: The Civic Culture of the City | |
| The City and Societal Culture | |
| Case Study: Ming Peking | |
| Physical Structure | |
| Symbolism | |
| Case Study: Hellenic Athens | |
| The Preclassical Period | |
| The Golden Age | |
| Behind the Glory | |
| Ming Peking and Athens: A Comparison | |
| The Culture of Capitalism and the City | |
| The Capitalist City | |
| The Industrial Revolution | |
| Urban Life as Economics | |
| Assets and Debits | |
| Case Study: Communist Beijing | |
| The Emergence of Modern Beijing | |
| Urban Life as Politics | |
| The Difficulties of Urban Life | |
| Economic Reform and Environmental Issues | |
| A Rising Consumerism | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| The Structure of the City | |
| Stratification and Social Class: Urban and Suburban Lifestyles | |
| Social Stratification | |
| Social Class Distinctions | |
| Income Distribution Nationwide | |
| Incomes Within and Outside Cities | |
| Poverty Nationwide | |
| Poverty Within and Outside Cities | |
| A Cautionary Note | |
| Urban Social Class Diversity | |
| Upper-Class Urban Neighborhoods | |
| Middle-Class Urban Neighborhoods | |
| Working-Class Urban Neighborhoods | |
| Mixed-Income Urban Neighborhoods | |
| Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods | |
| The Homeless | |
| Suburban Social Class Diversity | |
| Upper-Income Suburbs | |
| Middle-Income Suburbs | |
| Working-Class Suburbs | |
| Suburban Cosmopolitan Centers | |
| Minority Suburbs | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Urban Diversity | |
| Cities and Immigrants | |
| Ethnic Enclaves and Ethnic Identity | |
| Ethnic Change | |
| Racial and Ethnic Minorities | |
| Blacks | |
| Asians | |
| Hispanics | |
| Muslims | |
| Native Peoples | |
| Women and Urban Life | |
| Work | |
| Urban Space | |
| The Public Sphere | |
| Case Study: Chicago, City of the Big Shoulder | |
| Early Chicago | |
| The Burning and Rebuilding of Chicago | |
| Jane Addams and Hull House | |
| Chicago in the Early Twentieth Century | |
| The Postwar Period | |
| Chicago Today | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Chapter12 | |
| Housing, Education, Crime: Confronting Urban Problems | |
| Housing: A Place to Live | |
| Adequate Housing: Who Has It? | |
| Housing Problems: A Brief History | |
| Public Housing | |
| Deterioration and Abandonment in the Inner City | |
| The Inner City Today: A Revival? | |
| The New Urbanism | |
| Education: The Urban Challenge | |
| Meeting the No Child Left Behin | |
| Challenge | |
| Magnet Schools | |
| School Vouchers | |
| Charter Schools | |
| Crime: Perception and Reality | |
| Public Perception of Crime | |
| Explaining High-Crime Areas | |
| Effects of Crime on Everyday Life | |
| What Is the Solution? | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Global Urban Developments | |
| Cities in the Developing World | |
| Latin American Cities | |
| Early Cities | |
| European Dominance | |
| Modern Cities | |
| African Cities | |
| Early Cities | |
| European Dominances | |
| Modern Cities | |
| Middle Eastern Cities | |
| Islamic Cities | |
| European Dominance | |
| Modern Cities | |
| Asian Cities | |
| India | |
| China | |
| Japan | |
| Southeast Asia | |
| Common Legacies | |
| Economic Legacies | |
| Political Legacies | |
| Common Problems | |
| Spiraling Populations | |
| Quality of Life | |
| Environment | |
| Shantytowns | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| Internet Activities | |
| Planning the Urban Environment | |
| Visions | |
| City Planning in World History | |
| Why Plan? | |
| Planning in the Industrial Era: 1800-1900 | |
| The City Beautifu | |
| Movement | |
| The New Towns Movement | |
| A Socialist-Feminist New Town | |
| British New Towns | |
| New Towns Worldwide | |
| New Towns in North America | |
| What Makes New Towns Succeed or Fail? | |
| Architectural Visions | |
| The Radiant City | |
| Broadacre City | |
| The Arcology | |
| TRY-2004 | |
| Utopia's Limitations | |
| More Focused Urban Planning | |
| Sidewalks and Neighborhoods | |
| Squares and Parks | |
| The Middle Ground | |
| The Realities of Urban Planning | |
| Economics and Politics | |
| The Importance of Values | |
| Case Study: Toronto, Ontario | |
| The Physical Setting | |
| History | |
| Creation of a Metropolitan Government | |
| Two Phases of Urban Planning | |
| Toronto Today | |
| Summary | |
| Conclusion | |
| Key Terms | |
| References | |
| Photo Credits | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
John J. Macionis was born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He earned a bachelor’s degree from Cornell University and a doctorate in sociology from the University of Pennsylvania.
John Macionis' publications are wide-ranging, focusing on community life in the United States, interpersonal intimacy in families, effective teaching, humor, new information technology, and the importance of global education.
In addition, John Macionis and Nijole V. Benokraitis have edited the best-selling anthology Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology. Macionis and Vincent Parrillo have written the leading urban studies text, Cities and Urban Life (Pearson). Macionis’ most recent textbook is Social Problems (Pearson).
John Macionis is Professor and Distinguished Scholar of Sociology at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, where he has taught for almost thirty years. During that time, he has chaired the Sociology Department, directed the college’s multidisciplinary program in humane studies, presided over the campus senate and the college’s faculty, and taught sociology to thousands of students.
In 2002, the American Sociological Association presented Macionis with the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Teaching, citing his innovative use of global material as well as the introduction of new teaching technology in his textbooks.
Professor Macionis has been active in academic programs in other countries, having traveled to some fifty nations. He writes, “I am an ambitious traveler, eager to learn and, through the texts, to share much of what I discover with students, many of whom know little about the rest of the world. For me, traveling and writing are all dimensions of teaching. First, and foremost, I am a teacher—a passion for teaching animates everything I do.”
At Kenyon, Macionis teaches a number of courses, but his favorite class is Introduction to Sociology, which he offers every semester. He enjoys extensive contact with students and invites everyone enrolled in each of his classes to enjoy a home-cooked meal.
The Macionis family—John, Amy, and children McLean and Whitney—live on a farm in rural Ohio. In his free time, Macionis enjoys tennis, swimming, hiking, and playing oldies rock-and-roll (he recently released his first CD). Macionis is as an environmental activist in the Lake George region of New York’s Adirondack Mountains, working with a number of organizations, including the Lake George Land Conservancy, where he serves as president of the board of trustees.
His books include: Strangers to These Shores 9th ed. (Allyn & Bacon, 2008); Diversity in America 3rd ed. (Pine Forge Press, 2008); Contemporary Social Problems 6th ed. (Allyn & Bacon, 2005); Understanding Race and Ethnic Relations 3rd ed. (Allyn & Bacon, 2008); William Paterson University (Arcadia, 2005); Millennium Haze: Comparative Inquiries About Society, State and Community (FrancoAngeli, 2000); Ridgewood (Arcadia, 1999); and (ed.) Rethinking Today's Minorities (Greenwood Press, 1991). He is General Editor of the two-volume interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Social Problems (Sage, 2008).
He is the executive producer and writer of two award- winning PBS television documentaries: Smokestacks and Steeples: A Portrait of Paterson (1992) and Ellis Island: Gateway to America (1991).