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Social Problems

ISBN: 9780205449699 | 0205449697
Edition: 11th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 6/8/2010 5:34:00 PM

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SummaryTable of Contents
Taking a conflict approach, Eitzen and Baca Zinn focus on the underlying features of the social world in an effort to help students to understand today's social problems.
Prefacexi
Acknowledgmentsxiv
PART ONE Political Economy of Social Problems
Sociological Approach to Social Problems
3... MORE
History of Social Problems Theory
5(1)
Toward a Definition of Social Problems
6(3)
Types of Social Problems
9(4)
Norm Violations
9(1)
Social Conditions
10(3)
The Sociological Imagination
13(1)
Social Structure as the Basic Unit of Analysis
14(4)
Person-Blame Approach versus System-Blame Approach
15(2)
Reasons for Focusing on the System-Blame Approach
17(1)
Organization of the Book
18(1)
Chapter Review
19(1)
Key Terms
20(1)
Websites for Further Reference
21(2)
Wealth and Power: The Bias of the System
23(33)
Capitalism and Socialism
24(4)
Capitalism
24(2)
Socialism
26(2)
U.S. Economy: Concentration of Corporate Wealth
28(10)
Monopolistic Capitalism
29(3)
Transnational Corporations
32(2)
Concentration of Wealth
34(4)
Political System: Links between Wealth and Power
38(4)
Government by Interest Groups
39(1)
Financing of Political Campaigns
39(3)
Candidate Selection Process
42(1)
Bias of the Political System
42(10)
Consequences of Concentrated Power
44(3)
Subsidies to Big Business
47(1)
Trickle-Down Solutions
48(1)
The Powerless Bear the Burden
49(1)
Foreign Policy for Corporate Benefit
50(1)
Reprise: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy
50(2)
Chapter Review
52(1)
Key Terms
52(1)
Websites for Further Reference
53(3)
PART TWO Problems of People, the Environment, and Location
World Population and Global Inequality
56(25)
World Population Growth
56(8)
Demographic Transition
59(2)
Family Planning
61(2)
Societal Changes
63(1)
Poverty
64(7)
Food and Hunger
65(2)
Sickness and Disease
67(1)
The New Slavery
68(2)
Concentration of Misery in Cities
70(1)
U.S. Relations with the Developing World
71(6)
Transnational Corporations
72(3)
United States in the Global Village
75(2)
Chapter Review
77(1)
Key Terms
77(1)
Websites for Further Reference
78(3)
Threats to the Environment
81(32)
Worldwide Environmental Problems
82(10)
Degradation of the Land
85(1)
Environmental Pollution and Degradation
86(6)
Global Environmental Crises
92(5)
Fossil Fuel Dependence, Waste, and Environmental Degradation
92(2)
Destruction of the Tropical Rain Forests and Other Forms of Deforestation
94(2)
Global Warming
96(1)
Sources of U.S. Environmental Problems
97(8)
Cultural Sources
98(4)
Structural Sources
102(3)
Solutions to the Environmental Crises
105(4)
Pro-Business Voluntaristic Approach
105(1)
Egalitarian/Authoritarian Plan
105(2)
Control of Resource Use
107(2)
International Implications of Environmental Problems
109(1)
Chapter Review
110(1)
Key Terms
110(1)
Websites for Further Reference
111(2)
Demographic Changes in the United States: The Browning and Graying of Society
113(32)
Profile of the U.S. Population
113(1)
New Immigration and the Changing Racial Landscape
114(11)
Immigration and Increasing Diversity
116(3)
Consequences of the New Immigration
119(4)
Immigration and Agency
123(1)
Effects of Immigration on Immigrants: Ethnic Identity or Assimilation?
124(1)
The Aging Society
125(6)
Demographic Trend
126(1)
Demographic Portrait of the Current Elderly Population
126(5)
Problems of an Aging Society
131(9)
Social Security
131(3)
Paying for Health Care
134(2)
Elderly Abuse
136(4)
Responses by the Elderly: Human Agency
140(2)
Chapter Review
142(1)
Key Terms
142(1)
Websites for Further Reference
143(2)
Problems of Place: Urban, Suburban, and Rural
145(37)
Urban Problems
145(17)
Urban Job Loss
146(1)
Disinvestment
147(3)
Federal Abandonment
150(1)
Urban Poverty
150(2)
Urban Housing Crisis
152(4)
Decaying Infrastructure
156(1)
Transportation, Pollution, and the Environment
156(3)
Health and Health Care
159(1)
Urban Schools
160(1)
Crime, Drugs, and Gangs
160(2)
Suburban Problems
162(5)
Suburban Sprawl
163(3)
Automobile Dependency
166(1)
Social Isolation in the Suburbs
166(1)
Rural Problems
167(10)
Poverty
168(2)
Jobs in Rural Areas
170(2)
Environment
172(1)
Health Care and Delivery
173(1)
Small Town Decline
174(1)
Crime and Illicit Drugs
175(2)
Chapter Review
177(1)
Key Terms
178(1)
Websites for Further Reference
179(3)
PART THREE Problems of Inequality
Poverty
182(34)
Extent of Poverty
182(9)
Racial Minorities
184(1)
Nativity
185(1)
Gender
185(1)
Age
186(1)
Place
186(2)
The New Poor
188(1)
The Working Poor
189(1)
The Near Poor
190(1)
The Severely Poor
190(1)
Myths about Poverty
191(4)
Refusal to Work
191(1)
Welfare Dependency
191(3)
The Poor Get Special Advantages
194(1)
Welfare Is an African American and Latino Program
195(1)
Costs of Poverty
195(3)
Causes of Poverty
198(7)
Deficiency Theory I: Innate Inferiority
202(1)
Deficiency Theory II: Cultural Inferiority
203(1)
Structural Theories
203(2)
Elimination of Poverty
205(7)
Chapter Review
212(1)
Key Terms
213(1)
Websites for Further Reference
213(3)
Racial and Ethnic Inequality
216(31)
How to Think about Racial and Ethnic Inequality
216(1)
Racial and Ethnic Minorities
217(11)
Racial Categories
219(5)
Differences among Ethnic Groups
224(4)
Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
228(4)
Deficiency Theories
229(1)
Bias Theories
229(1)
Structural Discrimination Theories
230(2)
Discrimination against African Americans and Latinos: Continuity and Change
232(7)
Income
233(1)
Education
234(2)
Unemployment
236(1)
Type of Employment
237(1)
Health
238(1)
Contemporary Trends and Issues in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations
239(4)
Growing Racial Strife
239(1)
More Racially Based Groups and Activities
240(1)
Economic Polarization in U.S. Inner Cities
241(1)
Racial Policies in the New Century
242(1)
Chapter Review
243(1)
Key Terms
244(1)
Websites for Further Reference
244(3)
Gender Inequality
247(38)
Women and Men Are Differentiated and Ranked
247(5)
Is Gender Biological or Social?
249(1)
Gender and Power
250(1)
What Causes Gender Inequality?
251(1)
Socialization versus Structure: Two Approaches to Gender Inequality
252(1)
Learning Gender
252(8)
Children at Home
253(1)
Children at Play
254(2)
Formal Education
256(4)
Socialization as Blaming the Victim
260(1)
Reinforcing Male Dominance
260(8)
Language
260(1)
Interpersonal Behavior
261(1)
Mass Communications Media
262(2)
Religion
264(2)
The Law
266(1)
Politics
267(1)
Structured Gender Inequality
268(9)
Occupational Distribution
269(2)
The Earnings Gap
271(3)
Intersection of Race and Gender in the Workplace
274(1)
Pay Equity
274(1)
How Workplace Inequality Operates
275(1)
Gender in the Global Economy
276(1)
Costs and Consequences of Sexism
277(3)
Who Benefits?
277(1)
Social and Individual Costs
277(3)
Fighting the System
280(1)
Feminist Movements in the United States
280(1)
Women's Struggles in the Twenty-First Century
281(1)
Chapter Review
281(1)
Key Terms
282(1)
Websites for Further Reference
282(3)
Sexual Orientation
285(27)
Social Deviance
285(4)
Gay and Lesbian Community: An Overview
289(4)
Defining Homosexuality
289(1)
Roots of Homosexuality
289(1)
Numbers: How Many Gays and Lesbians?
290(1)
Interpersonal Relationships and Domestic Arrangements among Gays and Lesbians
291(2)
Discrimination
293(13)
Ideological Oppression
293(6)
Legal Oppression: The Law, the Courts, and the Police
299(5)
Occupational Discrimination
304(2)
Fighting the System: Human Agency
306(3)
Chapter Review
309(1)
Key Terms
309(1)
Websites for Further Reference
310(2)
Disability and Ableism
312(27)
Definitions
312(4)
Individual Model of Disability
313(1)
Social Model of Disability
314(1)
Toward a More Complete Definition of Disability
315(1)
People with Disabilities as a Minority Group
316(6)
Defined as Different
316(1)
Naming
316(1)
Minority as a Master Status
317(1)
Categorization, Stigma, and Stereotypes
317(2)
Exclusion and Segregation
319(1)
Matrix of Domination
320(1)
Discrimination
321(1)
Issues of Gender, Sexual Behavior, and Fertility
322(6)
Gender Stereotyping
322(1)
Sexual Relationships
322(4)
Physical and Sexual Abuse
326(1)
Abortion Issue
326(2)
Agency
328(6)
Disability Rights Movement
328(2)
Americans with Disabilities Act
330(4)
Conclusion
334(1)
Chapter Review
335(1)
Key Terms
335(1)
Websites for Further Reference
336(3)
PART FOUR Social Structure and Individual Deviance
Crime and Justice
339(39)
Crime in Society
339(20)
What Is Crime?
339(3)
Crime Rates
342(4)
Demographic Characteristics of People Arrested for Crimes
346(3)
Categories of Crime
349(10)
Unjust System of Justice
359(13)
Laws
360(1)
Police
361(1)
Judicial Process
362(6)
Correctional System
368(4)
Unjust Imposition of the Label ``Criminal''
372(2)
Chapter Review
374(1)
Key Terms
375(1)
Websites for Further Reference
375(3)
Drugs
378(34)
The Politics of Drugs
379(5)
Historical Legality of Drugs
379(2)
Factors Influencing Drug Laws and Enforcement
381(3)
Drug Use in U.S. Society
384(15)
Commonly Abused Illegal Drugs
385(3)
Legal but Dangerous Drugs
388(4)
Drug Use Patterns by Class, Race, and Gender
392(2)
Learning to Use Drugs: The Impact of Social Factors
394(2)
Why Use Drugs?
396(3)
U.S. Official Policy: A War on Drugs
399(5)
Consequences of Official Drug Policies
400(2)
Is the Drug War Racist?
402(2)
Alternatives
404(4)
Regulation of Trade or Use through Licensing and Taxation
404(1)
Noninterference
405(3)
Chapter Review
408(1)
Key Terms
409(1)
Websites for Further Reference
409(3)
PART FIVE Institutional Problems
Work
412(33)
Problems of Work
412(14)
Control of Workers
412(2)
Alienation
414(1)
Dangerous Working Conditions
415(3)
Sweatshops
418(1)
Unions and Their Decline
419(2)
Discrimination in the Workplace: Perpetuation of Inequality
421(3)
Unemployment
424(2)
Globalization and the Structural Transformation of the Economy
426(4)
Globalization
426(2)
Structural Transformation of the Economy: From Manufacturing to Services
428(2)
Age of Discontinuity
430(9)
Changing Nature of Jobs
430(2)
Job Insecurity
432(1)
Increased Workload
433(1)
Worker Compensation
434(4)
Demography and Jobs
438(1)
Changing Economy, Demography, and the Future of Work
438(1)
Transformation of the Economy and the Bifurcation of the United States
439(2)
Chapter Review
441(1)
Key Terms
442(1)
Websites for Further Reference
442(3)
Families
445(34)
The Mythical Family in the United States
445(2)
Families in Contemporary U.S. Society: The Family in Capitalism
447(1)
Stratification and Family Life: Unequal Life Chances
448(7)
Structural Transformation and Family Life
451(2)
Changing Composition of Households and Families
453(2)
Parents and Children
455(9)
Social Supports for Working Parents
455(4)
Single Parents and Their Children
459(4)
Societal Response to Disadvantaged Children
463(1)
Divorce
464(4)
Consequences of Divorce
465(2)
Children and Divorce
467(1)
Violence in U.S. Families
468(6)
Violence and the Social Organization of the Family
468(1)
Spouse Abuse
469(2)
Child Abuse and Neglect
471(3)
Chapter Review
474(1)
Key Terms
475(1)
Websites for Further Reference
476(3)
Education
479(32)
Characteristics of Education in the United States
479(7)
Education as a Conserving Force
479(1)
Mass Education
480(1)
Local Control of Education
481(1)
Competitive Nature of U.S. Education
481(4)
``Sifting'' and ``Sorting'' Function of Schools
485(1)
Preoccupation with Order and Control
485(1)
Education and Inequality
486(13)
Financing Public Education
488(3)
Family Economic Resources
491(1)
Higher Education and Stratification
492(2)
Curriculum
494(2)
Segregation
496(1)
Tracking and Teachers' Expectations
496(3)
Possibilities for Promoting Equality of Opportunity
499(8)
Restructuring Society
507(1)
Chapter Review
507(1)
Key Terms
508(1)
Websites for Further Reference
508(3)
Health and Health Care Delivery
511(28)
The Crisis in Health Care: Cost and Coverage
511(2)
Rising Health Care Costs
511(1)
The Uninsured and Underinsured
512(1)
Unequal Access to Health Care
513(12)
Social Class
513(4)
Race
517(3)
Gender
520(4)
Class, Race, and Gender: Who Wins and Who Loses in the Battle against HIV/AIDS?
524(1)
Changing Social Organization of Health Care Delivery
525(6)
Fee-for-Service System
525(1)
Shift to Managed Care
526(3)
Shift from Private to For-Profit Hospitals
529(2)
Toward a Better Health Care System: Some Alternatives
531(3)
Reforms within the Medical Community
531(1)
National Health Insurance
532(2)
Societal Changes
534(1)
Chapter Review
534(1)
Key Terms
535(1)
Websites for Further Reference
536(3)
National Security in the Twenty-First Century: The War on Terror
539(33)
A War like No Other
540(3)
U.S. Military Establishment
543(2)
How Big Is the U.S. Military?
544(1)
U.S. National Security Policy and the War on Terror
545(5)
The Bush Doctrine
546(3)
Homeland Security: The Bush Doctrine II
549(1)
Consequences of the Bush Doctrine and Bush Doctrine II
550(11)
Should the United States Destabilize International Law, or Promote It?
550(2)
Should the United States Become a Fortress Society?
552(3)
Can We Claim the Moral High Ground?
555(2)
How Should the War on Terror Change Our Government's Spending Priorities?
557(2)
What about Domestic Terrorists?
559(2)
New Cornerstones of Policy for Twenty-First-Century National Security
561(7)
Why Do They Hate Us?
562(1)
How to Win the War on Terror
563(5)
Chapter Review
568(1)
Key Terms
569(1)
Websites for Further Reference
569(3)
PART SIX Solutions
Progressive Plan to Solve Society's Social Problems
572(20)
Sociology, Social Problems, and Social Change
573(3)
Sociological Paradox: Structure and Agency
573(1)
Sociological Dilemma: Recognition and Rejection
574(2)
Progressive Principles to Guide Public Policy
576(6)
Is a Progressive Social Policy Possible?
582(4)
Should a Progressive Plan Be Adopted by U.S. Society?
582(1)
Financing the Progressive Agenda
582(1)
Is There Any Hope of Instituting a Social Agenda Based on Progressive Principles?
583(3)
Human Agency: Social Change from the Bottom Up
586(3)
Individuals Protesting and Organizing for Change
587(2)
Chapter Review
589(1)
Key Terms
589(1)
Websites for Further Reference
590(2)
Bibliography592(32)
Name Index624(5)
Subject Index629

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