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Reading Problems : Assessment and Teaching Strategies

by: Jennings, Joyce H.; Caldwell, JoAnne Schudt; Lerner, Janet W.

Reading Problems : Assessment and Teaching Strategies

by: Jennings, Joyce H.; Caldwell, JoAnne Schudt; Lerner, Janet W.

ISBN 13:
9780205441211
ISBN 10:
0205441211
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2010
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

The Fifth Edition of Reading Problems: Assessment and Teaching Strategies combines new and time-tested approaches to working with struggling readers of all ages, and includes practical instructional strategies, assessment tools, and discussion of the research.

List of Strategy Snapshots

xvi

Preface

xvii

Overview of Reading and Reading Problems

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Reading Problems: A National Dilemma

(4)

National Reading Levels

(1)

Reading Needs in Today's World

(1)

Need for Early Identification and Instruction

(1)

Providing Reading Assistance

(2)

Factors Associated with Reading Problems

(2)

Factors Within the Individual

(1)

Factors in the Home, Social, and Cultural Environments

(1)

Factors in the School Environment

(1)

Factors of Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

(1)

What Is Reading?

(5)

Constructing Meaning

(1)

Contribution of the Reader

(2)

Contribution of the Written Material

(1)

Contribution of the Reading Situation

(1)

Components of the Reading Process

(4)

Early Literacy

(1)

Word Recognition: Accuracy and Fluency

(1)

Reading Comprehension

(2)

Language and Meaning Vocabulary

(1)

Reading-Writing Connection

(1)

Enjoyment and Appreciation

(1)

Overview of This Book

(2)

Summary

(1)

Factors Associated with Reading Disability

(24)

Introduction

(1)

Environmental Factors

(4)

Home Environment

(2)

School Environment

(1)

Social Environment

(1)

Cultural Environment

(1)

Assessing Environmental Factors

(1)

Emotional Factors

(3)

Emotional Responses to Reading Problems

(1)

Assessing Emotional and Behavioral Factors

(2)

Intelligence

(3)

Definitions of Intelligence

(1)

Current Views of Intelligence

(1)

Evidence That a Person's Intelligence Can Be Changed

(1)

Cultural Bias in the Measurement of Intelligence

(1)

Using Intelligence Tests to Determine the Existence of a Reading Disability

(1)

Concerns about Using Intelligence Tests to Determine a Reading Disability

(1)

Language Abilities

(6)

Written and Oral Language

(1)

Receptive and Expressive Language

(1)

Systems of Oral Language

(2)

Speech Problems and Language Disorders

(1)

Nonstandard Dialects

(1)

English Language Learners

(1)

Assessing Language Development

(1)

Physical Factors

(5)

Hearing Impairment

(1)

Visual Impairment

(1)

Neurological Factors

(1)

Gender Differences

(1)

Other Physical Problems

(1)

Summary

(2)

Obtaining Background Information

(32)

Introduction

(1)

Information about the Environment

(7)

Home Environment

(2)

School Environment

(3)

Social and Cultural Environments

(1)

Information about the Individual

(5)

Emotional Information

(1)

Information about Potential (Intelligence)

(1)

Physical Information

(2)

Information about Language Development

(1)

Methods of Collecting Information

(3)

Interview and Questionnaire

(2)

Informal Talks

(1)

School Records and Materials

(1)

Observation during Reading Lessons

(1)

Summary

(16)

Informal Assessment Procedures

(35)

Introduction

(1)

General Diagnostic Questions: An Overview

(3)

How Severe Is the Reading Problem?

(1)

What Is the General Area of the Reading Problem?

(2)

Overview of Formal Assessment Measures

(1)

Overview of Informal Assessment Measures

(1)

Informal Reading Inventory

(24)

Obtaining Answers to General Diagnostic Questions

(1)

Administering and Scoring the Informal Reading Inventory

(11)

Interpreting the Scores of the IRI

(7)

Special Issues and Options in Using IRIs

102

(3)

Interactive Assessment Procedures

105

(2)

Assessment Portfolios

107

(3)

Summary

110

(2)

Assessing Reading: Formal Measures

112

(25)

Introduction

113

(1)

Overview of Formal Tests

113

(4)

Norm-Referenced Tests

113

(1)

Criterion-Referenced Tests

114

(1)

Bias in Testing

114

(1)

Ethical Considerations

114

(1)

Scores on Norm-Referenced Tests

114

(2)

Standardization, Validity, and Reliability

116

(1)

Tests of General Reading Assessment

117

(6)

Group Survey Tests

117

(3)

Individual Survey Tests

120

(2)

Normed Oral Reading Tests

122

(1)

Diagnostic Reading Tests

123

(4)

Diagnostic Reading Batteries

123

(3)

Diagnostic Tests of Specific Areas

126

(1)

Measuring Intelligence

127

(8)

Using Intelligence Test Information in Reading Assessment

128

(2)

Intelligence Tests That Should Be Administered by Psychologists

130

(2)

Intelligence Tests That Can Be Administered by Teachers and Reading Specialists

132

(2)

Interpreting Intelligence Test Scores

134

(1)

Summary

135

(2)

Providing Instruction and Intervention Strategies

137

(30)

Introduction

138

(1)

Effective Intervention Programs

139

(1)

Individual Intervention Programs

140

(2)

Reading Recovery®

140

(1)

Early Steps

140

(1)

Book Buddies

141

(1)

Individual Intervention for Older Students

142

(1)

Group Intervention Programs

142

(3)

The Boulder Project

142

(1)

Early Intervention in Reading (EIR)

142

(1)

First Grade Group Intervention

142

(1)

Reading Club

143

(1)

Literacy Booster Groups

143

(1)

Intervention in the Classroom

143

(1)

Cross-Age Tutoring

144

(1)

Project Success

144

(1)

Readers' Workshop

145

(1)

Total School or Classroom Interventions

145

(2)

Success for All

145

(1)

Four Blocks® Literacy Model

146

(1)

Fluency-Oriented Reading Program

146

(1)

Principles of Teaching Students Struggling with Literacy

147

(17)

Emphasize Reading

147

(2)

Teach Students the Strategies That Good Readers Use

149

(3)

Make Assessment an Ongoing and Integral Component of Instruction

152

(1)

Provide a Balanced Instructional Framework

153

(1)

Provide a Consistent Instructional Structure and Use Time Effectively

154

(1)

Provide Text That Students Can Read Successfully

155

(1)

Provide Time for Word Study

156

(1)

Encourage Independent Reading

156

(3)

Include Writing as Part of the Lesson Structure

159

(1)

Keep the Size of the Group as Small as Possible

159

(2)

Coordinate Intervention Instruction and Classroom Instruction

161

(2)

Build Rapport by Fostering Acceptance, Security, and Success

163

(1)

Application of Common Intervention Elements to Program Design

164

(1)

Summary

165

(2)

Early Literacy

167

(17)

Introduction

168

(1)

Early Literacy Concepts

168

(6)

Oral Language Development

169

(1)

Concepts about Print

169

(1)

Alphabet Knowledge

170

(2)

Phonemic Awareness

172

(1)

Letter-Sound Correspondence

172

(1)

Beginning Reading Vocabulary

173

(1)

Strategies to Develop Early Literacy Concepts

174

(9)

Oral Language Development

174

(3)

Concepts about Print

177

(2)

Alphabet Knowledge

179

(1)

Phonemic Awareness

180

(2)

Letter-Sound Correspondence

182

(1)

Beginning Reading Vocabulary

183

(1)

Summary

183

(1)

Improving Word Recognition Accuracy

184

(25)

Introduction

185

(1)

Stages of Word Recognition Development

185

(1)

Strategies for Identifying Words

186

(1)

Assessing Phonics Strategies

187

(2)

Miscue Analysis

187

(1)

Tests of Phonics Patterns

188

(1)

Teaching Phonics Strategies

189

(14)

Patterns and Rules

190

(1)

Choosing the Phonics Teaching Sequence

191

(2)

Decoding through Analogy

193

(1)

Combining Phonics and Meaning

194

(1)

Making Students Aware of Their Strategies

195

(1)

Dealing with Exceptions

196

(1)

Ideas for Practicing Phonics

196

(2)

Teaching Multisyllabic Words

198

(3)

The Benchmark Program

201

(2)

The Open Court Reading Program

203

(1)

Assessing Structural Analysis Strategies

203

(1)

Teaching Structural Analysis Strategies

204

(1)

Assessing Context Strategies

205

(2)

Miscue Analysis

206

(1)

Student Reading Interview

206

(1)

Comparison of Words Recognized in Lists and Passages

206

(1)

Teaching Context Strategies

207

(1)

Encouraging Students to Monitor for Meaning

207

(1)

Using Cloze

207

(1)

Summary

208

(1)

Improving Reading Fluency

209

(30)

Introduction

210

(1)

Role of Fluency in the Reading Process

210

(1)

Assessing Word Recognition Fluency

211

(3)

Listening to Students Read Orally

212

(1)

Determining Reading Rate

212

(2)

Timed Administration of Word Lists

214

(1)

Strategies for Developing Fluency in Context

214

(13)

Promoting Wide Reading of Easy Text

214

(3)

Using Patterned Books

217

(3)

Assisted Reading

220

(2)

Repeated Reading

222

(1)

Performance Reading

223

(1)

The Language Experience Approach

223

(1)

Making Oral and Silent Reading Effective

224

(2)

Fluency Development Procedures

226

(1)

Strategies for Developing Sight Words in Isolation

227

(8)

Choosing Words for Instructional Focus

228

(1)

Guidelines for Teaching Sight Words

228

(2)

Strategies for Focusing on Words

230

(3)

Mastering Function Words

233

(1)

Dealing with Reversals

234

(1)

Combining Contextual Reading with a Focus on Words

235

(2)

The Curious George Strategy

235

(1)

The Multiple-Exposure/Multiple-Context Strategy

235

(2)

Summary

237

(2)

Improving Vocabulary Development and Listening Comprehension

239

(26)

Introduction

240

(1)

Importance of Language to Reading

240

(1)

Causes of Problems with Language

240

(1)

Language Disability and Delay

240

(1)

Lack of Reading

241

(1)

Lack of a Rich Language Environment

241

(1)

Assessing Language Abilities

241

(3)

Informal Measures

241

(2)

Formal Measures

243

(1)

Conditions That Foster Language Learning

244

(3)

Exposure to Rich Language

244

(1)

Active Participation

245

(1)

Incidental and Explicit Instruction

245

(1)

Making Connections

246

(1)

Strategies for Fostering Language: Listening Comprehension

247

(3)

Reading Books to Students

247

(1)

Paired Story Reading

248

(1)

Directed Listening-Thinking Activity (DL-TA)

248

(1)

Sentence Building

248

(1)

Encouraging Verbal Expression

249

(1)

Strategies for Fostering Language: Meaning Vocabulary

250

(12)

Introducing Words Before Reading

251

(2)

Practicing and Reinforcing Meaning Vocabulary

253

(4)

Using Strategies to Figure Out Unknown Words

257

(5)

Using Poetry to Develop Language

262

(1)

Summary

263

(2)

Improving Comprehension of Narrative Text

265

(28)

Introduction

266

(1)

General Features of Effective Reading Comprehension

266

(3)

The Purpose of Reading Is Comprehension

267

(1)

Comprehension Is an Active and Accurate Process

267

(1)

Comprehension Uses Background Knowledge

267

(1)

Comprehension Requires Higher-Level Thinking

268

(1)

Comprehending Narrative Materials

269

(1)

Narratives Inspire Imaginative Personal Responses

269

(1)

Narratives Have Story Organization

269

(1)

Assessing Abilities with Narrative Text

270

(3)

Measuring General Comprehension Ability

270

(1)

Judging the Comprehension of Specific Materials

271

(2)

Strategies for Improving Comprehension before Reading

273

(3)

Building Background Knowledge

273

(1)

Predicting and Semantic Impressions

274

(2)

Reading a Story to Students

276

(1)

Strategies for Improving Comprehension during Reading

276

(7)

The Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA)

276

(3)

Using Post-It™ Notes to Monitor Responses to Reading

279

(1)

Making Mental Images

279

(2)

Constructing Content-Free Questions

281

(1)

Using Discussion Cards

282

(1)

Strategies for Improving Comprehension after Reading

283

(7)

Comprehension Strategies that Develop Story Structure

283

(4)

Comprehension Strategies that Nurture Personal Response

287

(3)

Connecting the Literary Experience

290

(1)

Conceptually Connected Instruction (Themes)

290

(1)

Studying Different Genres

291

(1)

Summary

291

(2)

Improving Comprehension of Informational Text

293

(27)

Introduction

294

(1)

Nature of Informational Text

294

(2)

Types of Informational Text

294

(1)

Difficulties Presented by Informational Text

295

(1)

Importance of Informational Text

295

(1)

Assessing Abilities with Informational Text

296

(2)

Focusing the Informal Reading Inventory on Informational Text

296

(1)

Assessing the Use of Background Knowledge

297

(1)

Assessing Comprehension Monitoring

297

(1)

Assessing Ability to Transform Text for Studying

298

(1)

Strategies for Helping Students Read Informational Text

298

(19)

Strategies for Combining Prior Knowledge with Informational Text

299

(6)

Strategies for Monitoring the Comprehension of Informational Text

305

(1)

Content-Free Questions

305

(8)

Question-Answer Relationships (QARs)

313

(1)

Strategies for Transforming Informational Text

314

(3)

Summary

317

(3)

Reading and Writing

320

(27)

Introduction

321

(1)

Importance of Teaching Writing

321

(1)

Assessing Writing

322

(1)

Writing Instruction

323

(5)

Writing Process

323

(3)

Supporting Students' Writing

326

(2)

Written Conversations and Personal Correspondence

328

(1)

Personal Journals

328

(1)

Strategies for Integrating Reading and Writing

329

(8)

Writing and Reading Narrative Text

330

(5)

Writing and Reading Informational Text

335

(2)

Writing with Poetry

337

(1)

Developing the Ability to Spell

338

(7)

Spelling Development

339

(2)

Spelling Assessment

341

(1)

Spelling Instruction

342

(3)

Handwriting

345

(1)

Summary

346

(1)

Literacy Instruction for Diverse Populations: English Language Learners, Adolescents, and Adults with Reading Problems

347

(17)

Introduction

348

(1)

Teaching in a Multicultural Society

348

(2)

Diverse Cultural Views about Reading

348

(1)

Teaching Children from Diverse Cultures

349

(1)

English Language Learners

350

(7)

About English Language Learners

352

(1)

Models for Teaching English Language Learners

353

(1)

Teaching Reading to English Language Learners

354

(1)

Strategies for Teaching Reading to ELL Students

354

(3)

Role of Parents in Fostering Literacy

357

(1)

You Read to Me, I'll Read to You Strategy

357

(1)

Parent Workshops

357

(1)

Adolescents with Reading Problems

358

(2)

Characteristics of Adolescents with Reading Problems

359

(1)

Special Considerations at the Secondary Level

359

(1)

Components of Effective Secondary Programs

360

(1)

Adults with Reading Problems

360

(2)

Postsecondary and College Programs

360

(1)

Needs of Adults with Reading Problems

361

(1)

Instructional Programs for Adults

361

(1)

Summary

362

(2)

Literacy Instruction for Students with Special Needs

364

(19)

Introduction

365

(1)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

365

(2)

Eligibility of Learning Disabilities

365

(1)

The Individualized Education Program (IEP)

366

(1)

Transition Services

367

(1)

Procedural Safeguards

367

(1)

Categories of Students with Disabilities

367

(1)

Learning Disabilities

367

(1)

Characteristics of Learning Disabilities

368

(1)

Educational Settings for Students with Learning Disabilities

368

(1)

Dyslexia: The Baffling Reading Disorder

368

(3)

Neurological Basis of Dyslexia

369

(2)

Genetics of Dyslexia

371

(1)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

371

(2)

Characteristics of ADD

372

(1)

Eligibility of Children with ADD for Services

372

(1)

Behavior Problems of Students with ADD

372

(1)

Medication for Students with ADD

372

(1)

Other Students Who Are at Risk

373

(1)

Providing Reading Instruction for Students with Special Needs

373

(8)

Adapting Standard Reading Methods for Students with Severe Reading Disabilities

373

(4)

Differences in Learning Styles

377

(1)

Multisensory Methods for Teaching Reading

378

(2)

Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing Program (LIPS)

380

(1)

Direct Instruction Reading Program

380

(1)

Fast ForWord®

381

(1)

Summary

381

(2)

Collaborative Assessment and Instruction

383

(51)

Introduction

384

(1)

Changing Roles of Reading Specialists

384

(3)

Title I Programs

384

(1)

No Child Left Behind Act

385

(1)

Narrowing the Achievement Gap

386

(1)

Role of the Reading Specialist in Assessment

387

(2)

Evaluation of Student Performance

387

(1)

Individual Diagnostic Procedures

387

(2)

Role of the Reading Specialist in Instruction

389

(1)

Working with Classroom Teachers

389

(1)

Working with Other Professionals

389

(1)

Reading Specialists as Literacy Leaders

390

(9)

Providing Support for Teachers

390

(1)

Providing Support for Paraprofessionals

391

(1)

Serving as a Liaison between Teachers and Administrators

391

(2)

Serving on Student Services Teams

393

(1)

Serving on the Instructional Intervention Team

393

(4)

Working with Parents

397

(2)

Literacy Advocates in the Community

399

(1)

Summary

399

(2)

Appendixes

Appendix A: Frequently Used Tests

401

(21)

Appendix B: Publishers of Educational Resources

422

(4)

Appendix C: An Informal Reading Inventory

426

(1)

Appendix D: Reporting Information to Parents

427

(7)

References

434

(33)

Name Index

467

(7)

Subject Index

474

(9)

Test Index

483

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Reading Problems : Assessment and Teaching Strategies

Reading Problems : Assessment and Teaching Strategies

9780205441211

0205441211

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Reading Problems : Assessment and Teaching Strategies

Reading Problems : Assessment and Teaching Strategies

9780205441211

0205441211

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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