Rent 9780205407835 | Adolescent, The: Development, Relationships, and Culture | Rice, F. Phillip; Dolgin, Kim Gale @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

----EXAM COPY EDITION--- Contemporary and inclusive, The Adolescent continues to be the best-selling and most comprehensive text in its subject area, setting the standard for adolescent psychology books since publication more than twenty years ago. The Adolescent offers an eclectic, interdisciplinary approach to the study of adolescence, presenting both psychological and sociological viewpoints as well as educational, demographic, and economic data. This text discusses not just one theory on the subject, but many, and outlines the contributions... MORE, strengths, and weaknesses of each. The authors also take into consideration current and important topics such as ethnic identity formation, gender issues, the Internet, effects of single-parent families, etc. The result is a treatment of the adolescent that offers current scholarship as well as an understanding of what it means to be an adolescent today. New To This Edition New paperback format and lower price makes the text more appealing and usable for students! Expanded coverage of cross-cultural issues throughout provides a richer and deeper understanding of adolescence across different cultural groups. ";In Their Own Words"; mini-essays include thoughts and comments from real students about various topics throughout the text, providing them with the perspectives offered by peers. A new Epilogue discusses the differences between adolescence and young adulthood and brings a nice sense of closure to the material, focusing students in on where they're at now and where they're headed. More than 450 new references, including such topics as sleep deprivation in adolescence, brain development, down-turn in adolescent pregnancy, keep students abreast of the most contemporary research being done and topics being discussed in the field. ----STUDENT COPY EDITION---- What's inside The Adolescent: Development, Relationships and Culture, 11/e Contemporary and inclusive, The Adolescent continues to be the best-selling and most comprehensive text in its subject area, setting the standard for adolescent psychology books since publication more than twenty years ago. The Adolescent offers an eclectic, exciting approach to the study of adolescence, presenting both psychological and sociological viewpoints as well as educational, demographic, and economic data. This text discusses not just one theory on the subject, but many, and outlines the contributions, strengths, and weaknesses of each. The authors also take into consideration current and important topics such as ethnic identity formation, gender issues, the Internet, effects of single-parent families, etc. The result is a treatment of the adolescent that offers current scholarship as well as an understanding of what it means to be an adolescent today. What's New To This Edition New paperback format and lower price makes the text more appealing and usable! Expanded coverage of cross-cultural issues throughout provides a richer and deeper understanding of adolescence across different cultural groups. ";In Their Own Words"; mini-essays include thoughts and comments from students like yourself about various topics throughout the text, providing you with the perspectives offered by your peers. A

Contemporary and inclusive, The Adolescent continues to be the best selling and most comprehensive text in its subject area, setting the standard for adolescent psychology books since publication more than twenty years ago. The Adolescent offers an eclectic, interdisciplinary approach to the study of adolescence, presenting both psychological and sociological viewpoints as well as educational, demographic, and economic data. This text discusses not just one theory on the subject, but many, and outlines the contributions, strengths, and weaknesses of each. The authors also take into consideration current and important topics such as ethnic identity formation, gender issues, the Internet, effects of single-parent families, etc.. The result is a treatment of the adolescent that offers a current scholarship as well as an understanding of what it means to be an adolescent today.

Features

Preface

xiii

PART ONE: Adolescence

1 Adolescents in Social Context

(22)

Approaches to Studying ... MORE

(1)

The Changing Face of American Adolescence

(1)

Our Society in Revolution

(1)

The Prolongation of Adolescence

(1)

The Revolution in Information Technology

(2)

The Internet

(1)

Inappropriate Materials

(1)

Effects on Children and Adolescents

(1)

The Revolution in the Workplace

(2)

Multiple Jobholders and Overtime Work

(1)

Working Women

(1)

Adolescent Employment

(1)

Advertising and Consumption

(1)

The Education Revolution

(2)

Educational Attainment

(1)

Embracing the New Technology

(1)

Innovations in Career Education

(1)

The Family Revolution

(2)

Changes in Marriage and Parenthood

(1)

Changes in Family Dynamics

(1)

Nonmarital Cohabitation

(1)

Out-of-Wedlock Births

(1)

Divorce

(1)

The Sexual Revolution

(3)

Positive Effects of the Sexual Revolution

(2)

Negative Effects of the Sexual Revolution

(1)

The Violence Revolution

(3)

Violent Crime

(1)

Violence in Society

(1)

Violence in the Home

(1)

Violent Deaths

(1)

A Caveat to Understanding Adolescence

(4)

2 Adolescents in Theoretical Context

(24)

Biological Views of Adolescence

(2)

G. Stanley Hall: Sturm and Drang

(1)

Arnold Gesell: Spiral Growth Patterns

(1)

Psychoanalytical and Psychosocial Views of Adolescence

(5)

Sigmund Freud: Individuation

(1)

Anna Freud: Defense Mechamisms

(2)

Erik Erikson: Ego Identity

(2)

Cognitive Views of Adolescence

(4)

Jean Piaget: Adaptation and Equilibrium

(1)

Robert Selman: Social Cognition

(2)

Lev Vygotsky: Social Influences on Cognition

(1)

Social-Cognitive Learning View of Adolescence

(2)

Albert Bandura: Social Learning Theory

(1)

Social-Cognitive Theory

(1)

The Impact of Culture on Adolescents

(11)

Robert Havighurst: Developmental Tasks

(1)

Kurt Lewin: Field Theory

(1)

Urie Bronfenbrenner: An Ecological Model

(2)

Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict: Anthropological Views

(1)

Cultural Continuity versus Discontinuity

(2)

Storm and Stress Revisited

(5)

3 Adolescent Diversity: Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity

(30)

Adolescents of Low Socioeconomic Status

(7)

Limitations of Low Socioeconomic Status

(1)

Cycle of Poverty and Deprivation

(5)

Minority Adolescents

(15)

African American Adolescents

(5)

Latino Adolescents

(4)

Native American Adolescents

(4)

Asian American Adolescents

(2)

Immigrants and Refugees

(7)

Southeast Asian American Adolescent Refugees

(5)

PART TWO: Physical

4 Body Issues: Sexual Maturation and Physical Growth

(22)

Biochemical Basis of Puberty

(4)

The Hypothalamus

(1)

The Pituitary Gland

(1)

The Gonads

(2)

The Adrenal Glands

(1)

Sex Hormone Regulation in Males

(1)

Sex Hormone Regulation in Females

(1)

Maturation and Functions of Male Sex Organs

(3)

Spermatogenesis

(1)

The Developing Penis

(1)

The Cowper's Glands

(1)

Nocturnal Emissions

(1)

Maturation and Functions of Female Sex Organs

(5)

The Developing Vagina

(1)

Changes in the Vulva and Uterus

(1)

Ovarian Changes

(1)

Menarche and the Menstrual Cycle

(3)

Menstrual Concerns

(2)

Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics

(4)

Males

(1)

Females

(2)

Results of Sexual Maturation

(1)

Growth in Height and Weight

(6)

Growth Trends

(1)

Determinants of Height

(1)

Other Physical Changes

(6)

5 Body Issues: Health Behaviors and Attitudes

(22)

Health Status

(3)

Mortality

(1)

Health Decisions

100

(2)

Adolescent Health in the Third World

102

(1)

Body Image

102

(3)

Physical Attractiveness

102

(1)

Body Types and Ideals

102

(3)

Early and Late Maturation

105

(2)

Early-Maturing Boys

105

(1)

Late-Maturing Boys

106

(1)

Early-Maturing Girls

106

(1)

Late-Maturing Girls

106

(1)

Off-Time Maturation

107

(1)

Weight

107

(3)

Obesity

107

(1)

Personal Contributors to Being Overweight

107

(2)

Interpersonal Interactions and Being Overweight

109

(1)

Environmental Influences

109

(1)

Broader Social Influences

109

(1)

Eating Disorders

110

(2)

Anorexia Nervosa

110

(1)

Bulimia

111

(1)

Health-Related Behaviors

112

(5)

Nutrition

112

(2)

Exercise

114

(2)

Sleep

116

(1)

Acne

117

(4)

Skin Gland Development

117

(1)

Causes

117

(1)

Treatment

117

(4)

PART THREE: Intellectual

6 Traditional Approaches to Cognitive Development: Piaget and Elkind

121

(20)

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

121

(7)

Sensorimotor Stage

122

(1)

Preoperational Stage

122

(2)

Concrete Operational Stage

124

(2)

Formal Operational Stage

126

(2)

Effects of Adolescent Thought on Personality and Behavior

128

(5)

Idealism

129

(1)

Long-Term Values

130

(1)

Hypocrisy

130

(1)

Creativity

131

(1)

Pseudostupidity

131

(1)

Egocentrism

131

(2)

Introspection

133

(1)

Self-Concept

133

(1)

Critique of Piaget's Formal Operational Stage

133

(4)

Age and Development

133

(1)

Consistency

134

(1)

Beyond Formal Operations

134

(1)

Culture and Environment

135

(1)

Motivation and Response

136

(1)

Role of School and Education

137

(1)

What Can We Retain from Formal Operations?

137

(4)

7 New Approaches to Cognitive Development: Information Processing, Decision Making, and Assessment Issues

141

(24)

Information Processing

142

(6)

Steps in Information Processing

142

(1)

Stimuli

142

(1)

Selection

143

(1)

Interpretation

143

(1)

Memory

143

(2)

Processing Speed

145

(1)

Higher-Order Thought Processes

145

(2)

Problem Solving

147

(1)

The Role of Knowledge

147

(1)

Decision Making

148

(2)

The Process

148

(1)

The Nine Cs of Decision Making

149

(1)

Epistemological Understanding

150

(2)

Brain Development during Adolescence

152

(2)

Assessing Cognition

154

(5)

Theories of Intelligence

154

(1)

Intelligence Tests

155

(1)

Changes with Age

156

(1)

Factors Influencing Test Results

157

(1)

Limitations of IQ

158

(1)

Uses and Misuses of IQ Tests

158

(1)

Achievement Tests

159

(6)

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)

159

(6)

PART FOUR: Psychosexual

8 Self-Concept, Identity, Ethnicity, and Gender

165

(28)

Self-Concept and Self-Esteem

166

(8)

Importance of Having a Good Self-Concept

167

(3)

Development of a Positive Self-Concept

170

(4)

Changes in Self-Concept during Adolescence

174

(1)

Identity

174

(10)

Seven Conflicts

175

(1)

Identity Status

176

(4)

Identity as a Process

180

(1)

Ethnic Identity

181

(3)

Gender

184

(9)

Biological Sex

185

(1)

Cognitive-Developmental Theories

185

(1)

Societal Influences

186

(3)

Androgyny

189

(1)

Gender and Identity

189

(4)

9 Sexual Values and Behavior

193

Changing Attitudes and Behavior

194

(6)

Premarital Sexual Behavior

194

(2)

Correlates

196

(3)

Other Mutual Sexual Behaviors

199

(1)

Masturbation

199

(1)

Sex and Its Meaning

200

(5)

What Are Adolescents Seeking?

200

(1)

Sexual Pluralism

200

(3)

Gender Differences in Sexual Ethics

203

(1)

Sexual Aggression

203

(2)

Contraceptives and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

205

(7)

Use of Contraceptives among Adolescents

205

(2)

Why Contraceptives Are Not Used

207

(1)

Should Adolescents Have Contraceptives?

207

(2)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

209

(1)

AIDS

210

(2)

Unwed Pregnancy and Abortion

212

(6)

Incidence of Teen Pregnancy

212

(2)

Causation Theories

214

(1)

Pregnancy-Resolution Decisions

215

(1)

Adolescent Mothers

216

(1)

Adolescent Fathers

217

(1)

Homosexuality

218

(4)

Causation Theories

219

(2)

Identity Adjustment

221

(1)

Sex Knowledge and Sex Education

222

(9)

Sources of Sex Information

222

(1)

The Role of Parents

223

(1)

The Role of Schools

224

(7)

PART FIVE: Familial

10 Adolescents and Their Families

231

(24)

Parenting Adolescents

231

(11)

What Kind of Parents Do Adolescents Want?

232

(1)

Connection

232

(4)

Trust

236

(1)

Attachment Style

236

(1)

Autonomy

236

(2)

Regulation

238

(4)

Parent-Adolescent Tension

242

(4)

Differences in Outlook

242

(1)

Focus of Conflict

243

(2)

Variables Affecting Conflict

245

(1)

Conflicts with Parents versus Conflicts with Peers

246

(1)

Results of Conflict

246

(1)

Relationships with Other Family Members

246

(2)

Adolescent-Sibling Relationships

246

(2)

Relationships with Other Relatives

248

(1)

Maltreatment

248

(7)

Child Abuse

249

(1)

Sexual Abuse

249

(1)

Incest

250

(1)

Neglect

250

(5)

11 Divorced, Parent-Absent, and Blended Families

255

(22)

With Whom Do American Adolescents Live?

255

(1)

Divorce and Adolescents

256

(9)

Attitudes toward Divorce

256

(1)

Short-Term Emotional Reactions

257

(1)

Long-Term Effects

258

(2)

Factors Influencing the Effects of Divorce

260

(5)

Parent-Absent Families

265

(4)

Psychological Health

265

(1)

Development of Masculinity/Femininity

266

(1)

Association with Delinquency

267

(1)

Influences on School Performance, Achievement, and Vocational Aspirations

268

(1)

Substance Abuse

268

(1)

Development of Autonomy

269

(1)

Blended Families

269

(3)

Adopted Adolescents

272

(5)

PART SIX: Social

12 Social Development: The Changing Nature of Friendship and Romance

277

(32)

Companionship

277

(6)

The Need for Friends

278

(1)

Loneliness

278

(2)

Family and Peer Relationships

280

(1)

Early Adolescent Friendships

280

(2)

Broadening Early Friendships

282

(1)

Friendship Activities

282

(1)

Group Acceptance and Popularity

283

(5)

Paths to Popularity

284

(2)

Criteria for Popularity

286

(1)

Shyness

287

(1)

Heterosociality

288

(3)

Psychosocial Development

288

(1)

Adolescent Love and Crushes

289

(2)

Loss of Love

291

(1)

Dating

291

(4)

Common Problems

293

(1)

Violence

293

(1)

Going Steady

294

(1)

Nonmarital Cohabitation

295

(5)

Incidence

295

(1)

Meanings Attached to Cohabitation

295

(2)

Reactions to Cohabitation

297

(1)

Adjustments to Cohabitation

298

(1)

Cohabitation versus Marriage

299

(1)

Effects on Subsequent Marriage

299

(1)

Cohabitation and Premarital

Childbearing

300

(1)

Adolescent Marriage

300

(9)

Trends and Incidence

301

(1)

Prospects and Prognosis

301

(1)

A Profile of the Young Married

302

(1)

Reasons for Adolescent Marriage

302

(1)

Adjustments and Problems

303

(2)

Early Marriage and Education

305

(4)

13 Adolescent Society, Culture, and Subculture

309

(22)

Culture and Society

309

(1)

The Adolescent Subculture

310

(2)

A False Dichotomy

310

(1)

Distinctive Social Relationships and Culture

311

(1)

Adolescent Societies

312

(1)

Formal Societies

312

(1)

Informal Societies

312

(1)

Division by Grade

313

(1)

Social Class and Status

313

(1)

In-School Subsystems

313

(3)

The Formal Academic Subsystem

313

(1)

The Semiformal Activities Subsystem

313

(2)

The Friendship Subsystem

315

(1)

Extremist Subcultures

316

(2)

Satanists

316

(2)

Goths

318

(1)

Neo-Nazi Skinheads

318

(1)

Material Concerns of Adolescent Culture

318

(6)

Clothing

319

(1)

The Automobile

320

(2)

The Telephone

322

(2)

Nonmaterial Concerns of Adolescent Culture

324

(7)

Slang

324

(1)

Music

324

(7)

14 The Development of Moral Values

331

(26)

Cognitive-Socialization Theories of Development

332

(10)

Piaget and Children's Moral Development

332

(1)

Kohlberg and Levels of Moral Development

333

(5)

Gilligan and Sex Differences in Moral Reasoning

338

(2)

The Social-Cognitive Domain Approach to Moral Reasoning

340

(1)

Moral Reasoning and Prosocial Behavior

341

(1)

Family Factors and Moral Learning

342

(2)

The Family's Role

342

(2)

Extrafamilial Influences on Morality

344

(13)

Peers

344

(1)

Religion

345

(2)

Television

347

(3)

Moral Education

350

(7)

PART SEVEN: Educational and Vocational

15 Education and School

357

(22)

Trends in U.S. Education

357

(4)

Traditionalists versus Progressives

357

(1)

Rise of Progressive Education

358

(1)

Sputnik and After

358

(1)

1960's and 19705

358

(1)

1980's

359

(1)

1990's

359

(2)

Early Twenty-First Century

361

(1)

Middle Schools

361

(2)

Characteristics of Good Schools

363

(4)

Size

363

(1)

Atmosphere

364

(1)

Teachers

364

(1)

Curriculum

365

(2)

Private versus Public Schools

367

(1)

Achievement and Dropping Out

367

(12)

Enrollment Figures

367

(1)

Who Drops Out and Why

368

(2)

Changing Schools

370

(1)

Truancy

370

(1)

Socioeconomic Factors

370

(1)

Racial and Ethnic Considerations

370

(1)

Congruence between School and Home

371

(1)

Family Relationships

371

(1)

Personality Characteristics

372

(1)

Sense of Academic Competence

372

(1)

Social Adjustment and Peer Associations

372

(1)

Employment and Money

372

(1)

School Stress

373

(1)

School Failure, Apathy, and Dissatisfaction

373

(1)

Alienation

374

(1)

Pregnancy and Marriage

374

(1)

Dropouts and Unemployment

375

(4)

16 Work and Vocation

379

(26)

Motives for Choice

379

(1)

Theories of Vocational Choice

380

(4)

Ginzberg's Compromise with Reality Theory

380

(2)

Holland's Occupational Environment Theory

382

(1)

Gati's Sequential Elimination Model

383

(1)

People Influencing Vocational Choice

384

(2)

Parents

384

(2)

Peers

386

(1)

School Personnel

386

(1)

Gender Roles and Vocational Choice

386

(3)

Other Crucial Determinants of Vocational Choice

389

(3)

Intelligence

389

(1)

Aptitudes and Special Abilities

390

(1)

Interests

390

(1)

Job Opportunities

390

(1)

Salary

391

(1)

Prestige

391

(1)

Socioeconomic Factors

392

(2)

Familiarity

392

(1)

Social Status and Aspirations

393

(1)

Race/Ethnicity and Aspirations

393

(1)

Youth Employment

394

(4)

Working for Wages

394

(3)

Volunteerism

397

(1)

Adolescents and Unemployment

398

(1)

Numbers of Unemployed Youths

398

(1)

Causes of Unemployment

398

(1)

Career Education

399

(6)

PART EIGHT: Psychosocial Problems

17 Adolescent Alienation

405

(26)

Running Away

405

(5)

Classes of Runaways

406

(1)

Reasons for Running Away

406

(1)

Throwaways

407

(1)

Life on the Street

408

(1)

Help for Runaways

408

(1)

Worldwide Scope

409

(1)

Suicide

410

(5)

Frequency of Suicide

410

(1)

Causes and Motives of Suicide

411

(4)

Copycat Suicides

415

(1)

Unsuccessful Attempts

415

(1)

Survivors

415

(1)

Juvenile Delinquency

415

(16)

Incidence of Delinquency

416

(2)

Causes of Delinquency

418

(3)

Juvenile Gangs

421

(1)

The Juvenile Justice System

422

(3)

The Restorative Justice Movement

425

(1)

Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

426

(5)

18 Substance Abuse, Addiction, and Dependency

431

(28)

Drug Use and Abuse

431

(17)

Physical Addiction and Psychological Dependency

432

(1)

Patterns and Intensity of Drug Use

432

(1)

Types of Drugs

433

(6)

Frequency of Adolescent Drug Use

439

(2)

Reasons for First Drug Use

441

(1)

Demographic Differences

442

(1)

Compulsive Drug Use

443

(2)

Prevention and Treatment

445

(3)

Tobacco and Smoking

448

(3)

Incidence of Tobacco Use

448

(1)

Reasons Adolescents Start Smoking

448

(1)

Effects of Cigarette Advertising

449

(1)

Reasons Adolescents Continue Smoking

450

(1)

Keeping Adolescents from Starting

450

(1)

Alcohol and Excessive Drinking

451

(8)

Incidence of Alcohol Use

451

(1)

Reasons for Drinking during Adolescence

452

(2)

Adult and Peer Influences

454

(1)

Harmful Consequences of Alcohol Use

455

(1)

Drinking in Young Adulthood

456

(3)

Epilogue

459

(2)

Glossary

461

(8)

Bibliography

469

(76)

Index

545

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