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Teaching in America

ISBN: 9780205344703 | 0205344704
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2003

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SummaryTable of Contents
Teaching in America, Third Edition, was written to meet preservice teachers' need for an active learning text that presents current ideas about teaching in America along with the underpinning foundations of education. The Third Edition maintains its unique and engaging working-text style that provides preservice teachers with an active learning experience while establishing the foundations of education and incorporating a contemporary picture of teaching in America today. Readers reflect and respond directly within the book to issues raised in the chapters, thereby actively constructing knowledge and ideas about teaching. This approach enables future teachers to make the transition from thinking about being a teacher to identifying with the profession as an active, confident participant. Teaching in America provides the reader with a firm understanding of education as an institution and as a career, and a knowledge of teaching competencies and issues in education.
Prefaceix
PART ONE Teachers and Schools1(118)
What It Means to Be a Teacher
2(38)
``Getting the Job I Always Wanted''
... MORE		2(2)
What Makes a Good Teacher?
4(8)
Effective Teachers
5(3)
Teacher Efficacy
8(1)
Profile: The Qualities of a Good Teacher
9(1)
Teacher Accountability
10(2)
What Does a Teacher Do?
12(11)
A Teacher's Knowledge and Skills
13(2)
Metaphors for Teaching
15(1)
Building a Learning Environment
16(1)
Profile: What Teaching Means to Me
17(2)
Planning Learning Activities
19(2)
Profile: Quilts-Why Quilts?
21(2)
Why Do Teachers Teach?
23(5)
Intrinsic Rewards of Teaching
23(1)
Profile: Where Else Can I Dance the Hokey-Pokey?
24(2)
Extrinsic Rewards of Teaching
26(2)
How Is Teaching Changing?
28(12)
Patterns of Educational Reform
28(4)
Teaching in Restructured Schools
32(1)
Teaching in Diverse Schools
32(1)
Education on the Move: Restructuring in Kentucky
33(1)
Using a Variety of Teaching Methods and Instructional Materials
34(1)
Using Instructional Technologies
34(1)
Working with Colleagues, Families, and Communities
34(1)
Teaching in Inclusive Classrooms
35(5)
Teaching as a Profession
40(38)
``Being a Professional''
40(2)
How Is Teaching a Profession?
42(15)
Praxis and Teacher Certification Testing
42(1)
The Professionalization of Teaching
43(3)
Profile: The New Professional Teacher
46(2)
Education on the Move: Coventry Rhode Island School District and the National Board
48(1)
Professional Ethics
48(2)
Basing Practice on Educational Research
50(1)
Your Professional Development
51(1)
Professional Organizations for Teachers
52(5)
What Reform Movements Are Changing Teacher Education?
57(7)
Changing Teacher Education Programs
58(2)
Changing Standards for Teacher Education
60(4)
Who Are Today's Teachers?
64(3)
Characteristics of the Teaching Force
65(1)
Teacher Diversity
65(2)
What Job Opportunities Do You Have as a Teacher?
67(11)
Salaries and Benefits
68(3)
Teacher Supply and Demand
71(1)
Teaching in Private, Independent, and Parochial Schools
72(1)
Is Teaching for You?
72(1)
Profile: Two Views on Teaching in Independent and Parochial Schools
73(5)
How Schools Are Organized and Linked to Society
78(41)
``I Can Put Myself to Better Use''
78(2)
What Is the Role of Schooling in Society?
80(5)
Aims of Education
80(1)
Standards-Based Education
81(1)
Metaphors for Schools
82(1)
Profile: Loggers' Run Community Middle School
83(2)
How Are Public Schools Organized?
85(20)
The Structure of Schooling in the United States
85(6)
Pre-K Programs
91(2)
Kindergartens
93(1)
Primary and Elementary Schools
94(2)
Middle and Junior High Schools
96(3)
High Schools
99(2)
Alternative Learning Programs and Schools
101(1)
Education on the Move: Alternative Schools
101(2)
Education on the Move: Camino Nuevo Charter Academy
103(2)
What Is It Like to Teach in Urban, Rural, and Suburban Schools?
105(8)
Urban School Districts and Schools
105(2)
Rural Schools
107(1)
Profile: Emiliano Zapata Street Academy
108(1)
Suburban Schools
109(1)
What Makes a Good School?
109(1)
Profile: Three Views on Teaching
110(3)
How Are Schools Changing?
113(6)
PART TWO Students, Families, and Communities119(114)
Teaching and Learning in Multicultural/Multilingual Schools
120(40)
Carlos F. Diaz
``A First-Year Teacher in an Inner-City School''
120(2)
How Does Socioeconomic Status Affect Teaching and Learning?
122(1)
How Do Racial and Ethnic Diversity Affect Teaching and Learning?
123(6)
Cultural Impacts on Teaching and Learning
123(2)
Academic Achievement and Race
125(1)
Diversity Issues in School Life
126(1)
Diversity Issues in the Curriculum
127(2)
What Are Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education?
129(7)
Education on the Move: Creating a Multicultural Curriculum
130(1)
Models of Multicultural Education
131(1)
The Politics of Multiculturalism
132(1)
Afrocentric Curriculum
133(1)
Transformative Knowledge
133(1)
The Multiculturally Aware Teacher
134(2)
How Does Language Influence Teaching and Learning?
136(6)
Bilingual Education Legislation and Court Cases
136(2)
Programs for Students with Limited English Proficiency
138(1)
Assessments of English Proficiency
138(1)
Research on Second Language Learning
139(1)
Profile: Adjusting to the American Classroom
140(2)
How Does Gender Affect Teaching and Learning?
142(4)
Academic Achievement and Gender
142(1)
Profile: Discovering the Truth about Gender Bias
143(1)
Gender Issues in School Life
143(1)
Gender Issues in the Curriculum
144(1)
Providing a Gender-Fair Education
145(1)
How Can Students' Multicultural Needs Be Met?
146(14)
Establishing a Positive Learning Environment
147(1)
Promoting Positive Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
148(1)
Respecting Culture-Based Learning Styles
149(1)
Working to Reduce Prejudice
150(1)
Teaching Conflict Mediation Strategies
151(1)
The Impact of National and State Standards
151(1)
Education on the Move: The Spady Way: Conflict Resolution
152(1)
High-Stakes Testing and Educational Equity
153(1)
Providing Culture-Fair Education
154(6)
Teaching Students with Special Needs and Students at Risk
160(42)
``I'm Assigning Jeffrey to Your Class''
160(2)
What Laws and Definitions Provide for the Education of Students with Special Needs?
162(5)
Students with Disabilities and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
162(2)
Individualized Education Programs and Individualized Family Service Plans
164(3)
What Are Exceptional Student Education, Mainstreaming, and Inclusion?
167(5)
The Full-Inclusion Debate
167(2)
Profile: All Doors Are Open
169(1)
Providing for Students with Learning Disabilities
169(2)
Providing for Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
171(1)
How Can Professional Collaboration Enhance Education in Inclusive Classrooms?
172(5)
Consultation and Collaboration
173(1)
Co-Teaching
174(1)
Community-Based Programs
174(1)
Profile: We Teach Together
175(2)
How Can You Teach Students with Disabilities and Exceptional Learners in Your Classroom?
177(6)
Using Assistive Technology
178(1)
Teaching Gifted Learners
178(1)
Profile: Special Devices for Special Students
179(4)
What Factors Place Students at Risk and Affect Teaching and Learning?
183(9)
Poverty
184(2)
Education on the Move: Thomas J. Pappas School for Children of Homeless Families
186(1)
Substance Abuse
186(1)
HIV/AIDS
187(1)
Truancy and Delinquency
188(1)
Teen Pregnancy
189(1)
Violence
190(2)
What Can Schools Do and What Educational Approaches Help Students at Risk?
192(10)
Compensatory Education
193(1)
Prevention Programs
194(1)
Intervention Programs
194(1)
Transition Programs
195(1)
Education on the Move: Are They Ready for Life?
196(6)
Partners in Teaching: Parents, Families, and the Community
202(31)
``A Business-School Partnership-What a Great Idea!''
202(2)
How Do Parents and Families Influence Teaching and Learning?
204(3)
Changing Families
205(1)
Education as a Family Affair
205(2)
What Are Family-Centered Programs?
207(6)
Family-Centered Curriculum and Instruction
208(1)
Profile: Even Start
209(1)
Grandparents as Parents
209(2)
Profile: A Partnership for Literacy
211(1)
Profile: Rainbow Bridge Intergenerational Program
212(1)
How Can You and Your School Involve Families in Their Children's Education?
213(5)
Parent/Family Conferences
213(3)
Other Ways of Making Contact
216(1)
Education on the Move: New Class Notes
216(2)
What Other Trends Are Leading to Greater Parent Empowerment?
218(5)
Site-Based Management
218(1)
School Choice and Vouchers
219(1)
Charter Schools
220(2)
Profile: On Our Own
222(1)
How Can You Use the Community to Teach?
223(10)
Understanding Community Pressures
224(1)
Developing Community-School Partnerships
224(1)
Linking Schools, Communities, and Businesses
224(1)
Profile: Building Self-Sufficiency for Life
224(2)
Developing Social Capital
226(1)
Working with Community Agencies
226(1)
Profile: Parents Are Not an External Constituency
227(1)
What Parents Can Do
228(5)
PART THREE Foundations of Education233(138)
Political and Economic Influences on American Education
234(40)
``Reflection-in-Action Teachers''
234(2)
What Forces Influence School Governance and Finance?
236(5)
Public Opinion and Social Issues
236(1)
Stakeholders in Education
237(4)
How Is Education Controlled and Governed?
241(16)
Roles of the National Government in Education
241(1)
Profile: Back-to-School Address
242(5)
Roles of State Government in Education
247(4)
Profile: California's Superintendent of Public Instruction Sets Priorities
251(1)
Roles of Intermediate Education Agencies
251(1)
Roles of Local Government in Education
252(1)
Education on the Move: New York's Board of Cooperative Educational Services in Action
252(3)
Profile: Big-City Superintendent
255(2)
How Are Schools Governed and Administered?
257(3)
Principals and Assistant Principals
257(1)
School-Based Management
258(1)
School Advisory Councils
259(1)
How Is Education Funded?
260(5)
Federal Support and Mandates
261(1)
Funding at the State Level
262(1)
Funding at the Local Level
263(1)
Private Funding
263(2)
What Issues of Governance and Finance Affect Education Today?
265(6)
National Goals and Standards
266(1)
Federal versus State Control
267(1)
State versus Local Control
268(1)
Funding Equity
268(1)
Privatization of Public Schools
268(3)
How Are School Governance and Finance Important to Classroom Teachers?
271(3)
The Legal Basis for Education and School Law
274(48)
``Pasquale, Don't!''
274(2)
What Is the Basis of School Law?
276(9)
The U.S. Constitution, Basic Rights, and Education
276(2)
Federal Laws
278(1)
State Laws
279(1)
The Courts
280(5)
What Are the Legal Responsibilities of States and School Districts?
285(5)
School Desegregation
285(2)
School Accountability
287(1)
The Law and School Finance
288(1)
Profile: Garret Frey-``I Can Do Everything Anybody Else Can...''
289(1)
What Are Your Legal Responsibilities as a Teacher?
290(8)
Preventing Liability
291(1)
Reporting Child Abuse
292(1)
Avoiding Sexual Harassment
293(2)
Observing Copyright Law
295(1)
Practicing Ethical Behavior
295(3)
What Are Your Legal Rights as a Teacher?
298(6)
Nondiscrimination
298(1)
Profile: Teachers and Sexual Orientation
299(1)
Contracts and Tenure
299(1)
Evaluations and Grounds for Dismissal
300(1)
Collective Bargaining and the Right to Strike
301(1)
Academic Freedom
302(2)
What Are the Legal Rights of Students?
304(11)
Freedom of Expression
305(2)
Education on the Move: The First Amendment in Schools
307(1)
Due Process
308(2)
Right to Privacy
310(1)
Right to Nondiscrimination
311(3)
Legal Issues after September 11
314(1)
What Are the Rights and Responsibilities of Parents?
315(7)
Parental Information and Consent
316(1)
Compulsory School Attendance and Immunizations
316(1)
Home Schooling
317(5)
Historical and Philosophical Influences on Teaching and Learning in America
322(49)
``An Important Part of Being a Professional''
322(2)
Why Is Knowing the History of Education Important?
324(1)
What Was Schooling Like in the American Colonies?
324(5)
The New England Colonies
325(1)
The Middle Colonies
326(2)
The Southern Colonies
328(1)
Education and Native Americans
328(1)
How Did American Education Change after Nationhood?
329(7)
The Development of Common Schools
330(1)
The Spread of Education for Women
330(1)
Profile: Emma Hart Willard's Plan for the Education of Women
331(1)
The Expansion of High School Education
332(1)
The Monitorial System of Public Education
332(1)
Textbooks for Americans
332(1)
The Spread of Higher Education
333(1)
The Influence of European Developments in Education
334(2)
How Did American Education Change after the Civil War?
336(5)
Education for African Americans
336(1)
Profile: Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois: Contrasting Approaches to African American Education
337(1)
The Development of Indian Schools
338(1)
Education Reform in the Progressive Era
338(3)
How Did American Education Change after World War II?
341(5)
The Cold War
342(1)
The Civil Rights Movement
342(1)
Education for Students with Disabilities
343(1)
Equal Rights for Women
343(1)
The War on Poverty
343(1)
Conservative Reaction to the 1960s and 1970s
344(1)
The 1990s and Beyond
344(2)
How Is Philosophy Relevant for Classroom Teachers?
346(3)
Philosophy Is Based on Core Values
347(1)
Philosophy Guides Decisions and Actions
347(2)
How Do the Branches of Philosophy Relate to Education?
349(8)
Metaphysics-What Is Real?
349(1)
Epistemology-How Do We Know?
350(2)
Axiology-What Is Right?
352(2)
Profile: Axiological Questions and Teaching
354(1)
The Impact of Culture on Philosophical Questions
354(3)
What Are the Major Philosophies of Education?
357(10)
Perennialism
357(2)
Essentialism
359(1)
Progressivism
360(1)
Education on the Move: Two School Philosophies in Action: What Is Essential?
361(2)
Social Reconstructionism
363(1)
Humanism
364(1)
Existentialism
365(2)
What Are the Implications of Philosophies of Education for You and Your Students?
367(4)
PART FOUR Teaching and Learning371(154)
Standards, Assessment, and Accountability in Education Today
372(34)
``One Set of Standards for All?''
372(2)
How Are Standards Changing Teaching and Learning?
374(4)
Standards and Standards-Based Education
374(1)
Searching for Accountability
375(3)
How Are Standards Employed in the Educational System?
378(15)
Influences in the Development of Standards
378(1)
Standards for Teachers
379(7)
Standards for Colleges of Education
386(1)
Standards and Issues
386(4)
Standards and Changing Teacher Roles
390(1)
Education on the Move: Advice from the Field-Responding to Standards and Accountability
391(2)
How Is Assessment Changing Teaching and Learning?
393(13)
The National Test
394(1)
Testing of Teachers
394(1)
Testing Issues
394(1)
Profile: Tests-Maps for Change
395(2)
Profile: Potential Pitfalls
397(1)
Education on the Move: ``Test Prep-What Better Strategy Is There?''
398(1)
Assessing and Reporting Student Achievement
399(2)
Computerized Testing
401(1)
Profile: Empowering Students and Teachers through Tests
401(5)
Curriculum and Instruction
406(42)
``Varying What You Do Is the Key''
406(2)
What Do Students Learn in School?
408(6)
Kinds of Curricula
408(2)
Influences on Curriculum Planning and Design
410(3)
Education on the Move: Applying Neurological Research to the Curriculum
413(1)
What Are Some Current Trends in Curriculum Development?
414(13)
Teaching Reading
414(1)
Integrated Curricula in Science, Mathematics, and Technology
415(1)
Multicultural Curricula
416(2)
Profile: On Becoming a Multicultural Teacher
418(1)
Character Education
419(1)
Art as Curriculum
419(1)
Education on the Move: A Calendar of Character Traits
419(2)
Comprehensive School Reform and the Curriculum
421(6)
How Do Teachers Plan and Deliver Instruction?
427(2)
Curriculum and Instructional Goals
427(1)
Learning Objectives
427(1)
Outcome-Based Education
427(2)
What Are Some Models of Direct Instruction?
429(2)
Explicit Instruction
429(1)
Mastery Teaching
430(1)
Events of Instruction
430(1)
What Are Some Models of Indirect Instruction?
431(6)
Discovery Learning
432(1)
Teaching and Learning through Social Interaction
432(1)
Profile: The Classroom ``Familia''
433(1)
Individual Differences-Differentiated Instruction
433(2)
Profile: Lev Vygotsky's Teaching in the Zone
435(2)
How Do Teachers Help Students Learn Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills?
437(5)
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
437(1)
Profile: Put on Your Thinking Hat!
437(1)
Critical-Thinking Skills
438(1)
Creative Problem-Solving Strategies
439(3)
Appendix: Differentiating Instruction: One Approach from Many, by Kim L. Pettig
442(6)
Technology, Teaching, and Learning
448(38)
``Making Technology Available for All''
448(2)
What Is Technology?
450(1)
What Is Technological Literacy?
450(11)
Profile: Teaching Sixth-Grade Computer Lab: What a Challenge!
452(2)
Changing Concepts of Literacy
454(1)
Technological Fluency
455(1)
Technological Divides
456(1)
Technology and Standards of Learning
457(4)
How Is Technology Contributing to Community-Based and Worldwide Education?
461(8)
Increased Opportunities for Parent Participation
463(2)
Education on the Move: Home Schooling Online
465(1)
Educational Software for Very Young Children
466(1)
Supporting the Learning of Students with Special Needs
466(2)
Teaching a Diverse Population
468(1)
What Issues Are Associated with the Use of Technology?
469(10)
Ensuring Equitable Access to Technology
469(2)
Bridging the Gender Gap
471(1)
Profile: Access Native American Net Day
471(2)
Bridging the Digital Divides
473(1)
Integrating Technology into the Curriculum and Classroom
474(1)
Profile: Digital Literacy in the Kindergarten
475(1)
Balancing Drill-and-Practice with Discovery
476(1)
Profile: Project SMART (Science Math and Rotorcraft Technology)
477(2)
What Are the Legal Issues in Technology?
479(3)
Copyright Law and the Use of Technology
479(1)
Censorship and Control over Students' Web Pages
480(2)
How Can Schools Pay for Technology?
482(1)
What Does the Technological Future Hold for You as a Teacher?
483(3)
Your First Year as a Teacher
486(39)
``I Was Reaching Children's Lives''
486(2)
How Can You Become Qualified to Teach?
488(14)
Making the Most of Observation
488(4)
Making the Most of Field Experiences
492(1)
Participating in a PDS Program
492(2)
Planning for Licensure
494(4)
Profile: Teach For America
498(1)
Preparing for Teacher Examinations
499(3)
How Can You Find Your First Teaching Position?
502(10)
Know Yourself
502(1)
Prepare a Portfolio
503(1)
Analyze Job Opportunities
504(1)
Apply for a Teaching Position
505(3)
Have a Successful Interview
508(3)
Profile: A Successful Interview
511(1)
How Can You Benefit from Beginning Teacher Programs?
512(6)
Participating in an Induction Program
512(1)
Learning through Development Programs
513(1)
Education on the Move: A Beginning Teacher Program in Action
513(2)
Becoming a Part of Your Learning Community
515(1)
Profile: Advice to New Teachers about Getting a Good Start
516(1)
Establishing Relationships with Students and Parents
517(1)
How Can You Survive and Grow in Your First Year?
518(7)
Preparing for Your First Year
518(1)
Profile: Two Views on Beginning Teaching
519(2)
Developing a Leadership and Management Plan
521(4)
Endnotes525(9)
Index534

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