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Social Work, Social Welfare, and American Society

ISBN: 9780205335190 | 0205335195
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2002

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SummaryTable of Contents
This text provides students with a political perspective on social welfare, with definitions of liberal, conservative, and radical positions, to help students better appreciate the political context of social welfare programs. This popular introductory text is written by two of the best-known authors in social work. The book discusses the values, ethics, and knowledge needed by social workers, as well as social workers' current roles in social welfare programs. Strong coverage of the history of social welfare movements throughout the text allows students to place developments in an historical context.
Prefacexix
Competing Perspectives on Social Welfare
1(24)
Political Perspectives and Social Welfare Issues
3(2)
... MORE
The Worldview of Conservatives, Liberals, and Radicals
5(17)
Attitudes toward Change
6(1)
Views of Human Nature
7(1)
Views of Individual Behavior
8(1)
Views of the Family
9(1)
Views of the Social System
10(2)
Views of the Government and the Economic System
12(3)
Focus on Diversity The PC Debate
15(2)
Value Systems
17(3)
Political Perspectives in the Real World
20(2)
The Authors' Perspective
22(1)
Web Sites on Political Perspectives
23(1)
Endnotes
24(1)
Social Welfare: Basic Concepts
25(33)
Stigma and Social Welfare
27(2)
Descriptive Definitions of Social Welfare
29(2)
Social Welfare As Nonmarket Economic Transfers
29(1)
Social Welfare As Services to Meet Basic Needs
30(1)
A Functional Definition of Social Welfare
31(14)
Social Structure
32(1)
Social Work Destinations Presidential Libraries
33(4)
Dependence, Interdependence, and the Social Welfare Institution
37(5)
A Closer Look ``Welfare State Is Here to Stay''
42(3)
George Will
A Classification of Social Welfare Services
45(6)
Perspectives on Social Welfare
51(3)
The Conservative Perspective
51(1)
The Liberal Perspective
52(1)
The Radical Perspective
52(1)
Summary
53(1)
Conclusion
54(1)
Web Sites on Social Welfare---General Concepts
55(1)
Endnotes
55(3)
Social Work As a Profession
58(46)
Social Work and Professionalism
59(2)
Social Work's Historical Development
61(20)
State Charitable Institutions
63(1)
The Charity Organization Society
64(2)
A Closer Look Josephine Shaw Lowell: Leader in the Charity Organization Society
66(1)
A Closer Look Mary Richmond: Pioneer in Social Casework
67(1)
The Social Settlement
67(1)
Social Work Destinations Hull House
68(2)
A Closer Look Lillian Wald, Graham Taylor, and Lugenia Burns Hope: Three Settlement Leaders
70(1)
Growth of a Profession
71(1)
A Closer Look Grace Abbott, Edith Abbott, and Sophonisba Breckinridge: Partners in Social Change and Development of a Profession
72(1)
Diversity and Unification
73(1)
A Closer Look George Haynes, Social Work Education, and the National Urban League
74(1)
The Depression and the Development of Federal Social Welfare Programs
75(1)
A Closer Look Jane Hoey
76(2)
Continued Professional Growth
78(1)
A Closer Look Important Dates in Social Work History
79(2)
Social Work Values and Philosophical Base
81(2)
Social Work Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas
83(3)
Updating a Professional Code of Ethics: Interview with a Key Player
84(1)
A Closer Look Excepts from the 1996 Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers
85(1)
Social Work Methods
86(2)
A Closer Look Social Work Roles
87(1)
A Model of Social Work Practice
88(2)
Practice Settings
90(3)
Salaries and Job Opportunities
93(1)
Social Work Education and Knowledge for Practice
94(1)
Current Professional Issues
95(3)
Social Work in the Larger Field of Social Welfare
98(1)
Perspectives on Practice
98(1)
Conclusion
99(1)
Web Sites of Use to Social Workers
99(1)
Endnotes
100(4)
Generalist Social Work Practice
104(28)
History and Development of Social Work Practice
105(11)
The Evolution of Social Work Practice
107(9)
Development of the Concept of Generalist Social Work
116(2)
Generalist Practice
118(5)
Definition
118(3)
Skills
121(1)
Relationship between Generalist and Specialized Practice
122(1)
Case Management: A Major Skill for Generalist Practitioners
123(4)
Definition
123(1)
History
123(1)
Skills
124(2)
Institutional Framework
126(1)
Advocacy
127(1)
Practice Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas
127(2)
Conclusion
129(1)
Endnotes
130(2)
Responses to Human Diversity
132(45)
Definition of the Problem
135(7)
Definition of Terms
142(3)
Dynamics of Intergroup Relations
145(3)
Perspectives
148(1)
The Conservative Perspective
148(1)
The Liberal Perspective
148(1)
The Radical Perspective
149(1)
History of Intergroup Relations in the United States
149(9)
Social Workers, Social Welfare Institutions, and the ``New Immigration''
150(2)
Social Workers, Social Welfare Institutions, and African Americans
152(2)
A Closer Look The Destruction of a Black Community in Tulsa, Oklahoma
154(1)
Social Workers, Social Welfare Institutions, and Women
155(3)
Current Issues Regarding Social Welfare and Human Diversity
158(9)
Multiculturalism
158(1)
A Closer Look The Experience of Having a Mixed Heritage
159(1)
Immigration
160(2)
Affirmative Action
162(2)
Separatism or Integration?
164(3)
Social Work Roles Related to Diversity
167(4)
Social Work Destinations Destinations to Enhance an Appreciation of Diversity
170(1)
Web Sites on Diversity
171(1)
Endnotes
172(5)
Religion and Social Work
177(35)
The Religious Roots of Social Welfare
179(3)
Early Egyptian Roots
179(1)
Jewish Roots
179(1)
Muslim Roots
180(1)
Christian Roots
181(1)
The Religious Roots of Organized Social Work
182(5)
Churches and the Charity Organization Society Movement
182(1)
Churches and the Settlement House Movement
183(1)
The Church and the Institutional Roots of Social Work
184(1)
The Secularization of Social Work
185(2)
The Reversal of Secularization?
187(5)
Current Sectarian Services
192(5)
Social Work and Religion---Uneasy Bedfellows
197(10)
Should the Church Be Involved in Social Work and Social Welfare?
198(1)
Conservative Religion and Social Change
199(2)
Focus on Diversity The African American Church and the Civil Rights Movement
201(2)
Social Work Values and Christian Values---Conflict or Consensus?
203(3)
A Closer Look Guidelines from the North American Association of Christians in Social Work
206(1)
Conclusion
207(1)
Web Sites Related to Social Work and Religion
208(1)
Endnotes
209(3)
Poverty: The Central Concept
212(33)
Poverty: Major Issues and Common Terms
216(1)
Rich Country, Poor Country
217(12)
The Measurement of Economic Inequality
217(3)
The Distribution of Income and Wealth in the United States
220(3)
Trends in the Distribution of Wealth and Income
223(3)
Focus on Diversity Race, Ethnicity, and Increasing Inequality
226(1)
Perspectives on Inequality
226(3)
Poverty---the Dark Side of Inequality
229(13)
The Definition of Poverty
229(4)
A Closer Look Poverty Definition Quiz
233(1)
The Official Poverty Line in the United States
234(2)
Issues and Perspectives in Measuring and Defining Poverty
236(4)
Experimental Poverty Measures
240(2)
Conclusion
242(1)
Web Sites Related to the Concept of Poverty
243(1)
Endnotes
243(2)
The Nature and Causes of Poverty
245(37)
Who Are the Poor?
247(7)
Statistical Description of the Poverty Population
248(3)
Different Types of Poverty
251(3)
Why Are the Poor Poor?
254(24)
Poverty As the Result of Individual Characteristics
255(1)
Genetic Inferiority
255(4)
Cultural Explanations of Poverty
259(3)
Focus on Diversity ``Welfare: A White Secret''
262(3)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Critique of the Cultural Explanations
265(5)
Structural Explanations of Poverty---Liberal Version
270(6)
Critique of Liberal Structural Explanations
276(1)
Structural Explanations of Poverty---Conservative Version
276(1)
Critique of Conservative Structural Explanations
277(1)
Conclusion
278(1)
Web Sites Related to the Nature and Causes of Poverty
278(1)
Endnotes
279(3)
The Development of Antipoverty Programs
282(33)
Historical Perspective on Antipoverty Efforts
284(27)
English Roots
285(3)
Colonial Years and the Era of the American Revolution
288(3)
Early Years of the Republic, 1781--1860
291(4)
Social Transformation, Reform, and Reaction, 1860--1930
295(5)
Seeds of the Reluctant Welfare State, 1930--1940
300(3)
The Return of Prosperity, 1940--1960
303(1)
Reform and Reaction, 1960--1988
303(2)
A Closer Look ``War on Poverty Not a Failure''
305(3)
William Raspberry
A New Era for Antipoverty Policy
308(3)
Conclusion
311(1)
Web Sites Related to Antipoverty Programs
312(1)
Endnotes
313(2)
Child Welfare
315(47)
Definition
317(4)
Statistical Profile
321(4)
Dynamics
325(5)
A Closer Look Incidents Defined As Child Maltreatment
326(4)
Historical Perspective
330(9)
The Emergence of Concern for Children
330(2)
The Development of Child Welfare Services
332(7)
Current Issues and Trends
339(8)
Emphasis on Permanency Planning
339(3)
Emphasis on Family Preservation
342(2)
Reaction to Family Preservation
344(1)
Class Action Lawsuits on Behalf of Children in Foster Care
345(1)
Separation of Investigation from Service
346(1)
Return to the Orphanage
346(1)
Perspectives
347(6)
Conceptions of Appropriate Discipline
347(2)
The Causation of Maltreatment
349(1)
Rights of Children, Parents, and the Government
350(3)
Social Work Roles
353(3)
Direct Services in Public Child Welfare
354(2)
Private Agencies
356(1)
Conclusion
356(1)
Web Sites on Child Welfare
357(1)
Endnotes
357(5)
Crime and Criminal Justice
362(48)
Perspectives on Criminal Justice
366(4)
The Conservative Perspective
366(2)
The Liberal Perspective
368(1)
The Radical Perspective
369(1)
Definition
370(6)
Legal Definitions of Crime
370(2)
Crime As a Social Welfare Problem
372(4)
Statistical Profile
376(6)
Problems with Crime Statistics
376(1)
Patterns of Crime
376(5)
Social Welfare and Crime
381(1)
Dynamics
382(9)
Control Theories
382(4)
Cultural Theories
386(3)
Social Victim Theories
389(2)
A Brief History of Criminal Justice
391(5)
Prisons---the First Reform
391(1)
The Indeterminate Sentence and Parole
392(2)
Probation
394(1)
The Concept of Delinquency and the Juvenile Court
394(1)
Criminal Justice Reform---Rhetoric and Reality
395(1)
Current Issues
396(4)
Prisons
396(1)
Parole
397(1)
Probation
398(1)
Diversion
398(1)
Intermediate Sanctions
399(1)
Abandoning Rehabilitation?
400(1)
Social Work Roles
400(5)
Treatment Programs outside the Criminal Justice System
402(1)
Victim Assistance
402(2)
Victim-Offender Mediation
404(1)
Police Work As Social Work
404(1)
Conclusion
405(1)
Web Sites Related to Crime and Criminal Justice
406(1)
Endnotes
406(4)
Health Care
410(45)
Definitions of Health and Illness
412(1)
Statistical Picture of Health Care
413(9)
Health and Socioeconomic Factors
419(2)
Focus on Diversity Diabetes among the Oglala Sioux
421(1)
Dynamics of Health and Illness
422(3)
History of Health Care
425(13)
The Rise of Scientific Medicine
426(2)
Medical Social Work
428(2)
Health Care in the 1960s and 1970s
430(8)
Current Issues and Trends
438(7)
Managed Care
438(2)
The Business of Health Care
440(4)
Government Action to Improve Health Care
444(1)
Perspectives
445(1)
The Conservative Perspective
445(1)
The Liberal Perspective
446(1)
The Radical Perspective
446(1)
Social Work Roles
446(3)
Conclusion
449(1)
Web Sites on Health
450(1)
Endnotes
450(5)
Mental Health and Developmental Disability
455(57)
Issues in Definition
458(1)
Definitions of Mental Illness
459(3)
Mental Illness As the Absence of Mental Health
459(1)
Mental Illness As Disease
460(1)
A Closer Look From the DSM--IV: ``Diagnostic Criteria for 300.23, Social Phobia''
461(1)
Mental Illness As a Reaction to Life's Problems
462(1)
Mental Illness As a Label Assigned by Others
462(1)
Dynamics of Mental Illness
462(5)
A Closer Look ``On Being Sane in Insane Places''
463(1)
Physiological Explanations
463(1)
Psychological Explanations
464(1)
Behavioral Explanations
465(1)
Environmental and Sociological Explanations
465(2)
Statistical Picture of Mental Illness
467(3)
Focus on Diversity Race, Diagnosis, and Commitment
469(1)
Definitions of Developmental Disability
470(3)
Dynamics of Developmental Disability
473(1)
Statistical Picture of Developmental Disability
474(1)
Historical Perspectives on Mental Illness
475(9)
Social Work Destinations The Public Hospital, Williamsburg, Virginia
476(3)
A Closer Look Clifford W. Beers: A Mind That Found Itself
479(2)
A Closer Look The Snake Pit
481(3)
Historical Perspectives on Developmental Disability
484(4)
A Closer Look From The Mismeasure of Man
487(1)
Stephen Jay Gould
Current Issues and Trends
488(11)
From Institution to Life in the Community
488(6)
Community Services for Those with Mental Retardation
494(1)
Advocacy and Consumer Organizations for the Mentally Ill
495(1)
Mental Health Managed Care
496(1)
Special Populations in the Field of Mental Health
497(2)
Perspectives
499(2)
The Conservative Perspective
500(1)
The Liberal Perspective
500(1)
The Radical Perspective
500(1)
Social Work Roles in Mental Health and Developmental Disability
501(4)
A Closer Look ``When Things Were Darkest, Peers Helped''
504(1)
Conclusion
505(1)
Web Sites on Mental Health
505(1)
Endnotes
505(7)
Housing, Homelessness, and Community Development
512(56)
Robert D. Leighninger
Definitions of the Problem
514(1)
Actors in the U.S. Housing Situation
515(4)
Builders
515(1)
Developers
515(1)
Bankers
516(1)
Insurance Companies
516(1)
Government
516(1)
Realtors
517(1)
Landlords
517(1)
Community Groups
518(1)
Advocacy Organizations
518(1)
Research
518(1)
Statistical Picture of Housing
519(4)
Dynamics of Housing
523(4)
A Closer Look Checkerboard Square
525(1)
Commodity or Right?
526(1)
Residential Segregation
526(1)
History of Housing
527(11)
Housing Trends from the Mid-1800s through the 1920s
527(3)
The Origins of Modern Housing Policy
530(2)
Housing Policy after the New Deal
532(1)
``Urban Renewal''
532(1)
The Age of HUD
533(1)
A Closer Look The Destruction of Pruitt--Igoe
534(4)
Current Issues and Trends
538(18)
Homelessness
538(1)
Community Responses
539(1)
Design
540(2)
Triage
542(1)
Sprawl
542(3)
Community Development
545(1)
Gender and Household Stereotypes
546(1)
The Retreat from Public Life
547(1)
Focus on Diversity Housing for People with Special Needs
548(5)
Social Work Destinations Early Housing, Early Public Housing, Innovative Public Housing, New Urbanism, and Another Resource
553(1)
Social Work and Community Development
554(1)
Renewing Civility
555(1)
Perspectives
556(2)
The Conservative Perspective
556(1)
The Liberal Perspective
557(1)
The Radical Perspective
557(1)
Social Work Roles
558(2)
A Closer Look A New Kind of Community Organizing
560(1)
Web Sites on Housing and Community Development
560(1)
Endnotes
561(7)
Aging
568(43)
Definitions of Aging
570(1)
Statistical Picture of Aging
571(8)
Living Arrangements
575(1)
Income
575(2)
Health
577(2)
Government Expenditures for the Elderly
579(1)
Summary
579(1)
Dynamics: Causes and Effects of Aging
579(6)
Biological Theories
580(1)
Social Psychological Theories of Aging
581(2)
Sociological Theories of Aging
583(1)
Focus on Diversity Women and Aging
584(1)
History of Aging in America
585(6)
Current Issues and Trends
591(11)
Government Programs for Older Americans: Can They Be Maintained?
591(5)
Long-Term Care
596(3)
Community Services for the Aging: Problems of Coordination
599(1)
Ageism and Advocacy
600(1)
A Closer Look ``Harassing the Elderly''
600(2)
Karen DeCrow
Perspectives
602(2)
The Conservative Perspective
603(1)
The Liberal Perspective
603(1)
The Radical Perspective
603(1)
Social Work Roles
604(1)
Conclusion
605(1)
Web Sites on Aging
605(1)
Endnotes
606(5)
Developing Your Own Perspective on Social Welfare
611(3)
Name Index614(5)
Subject Index619

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