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History of Psychology : Ideas and Context

ISBN: 9780205268573 | 0205268579
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context, Second Edition, is a comprehensive history of psychology tracing psychological thought from ancient times through late twentieth century developments. Opening chapters on historiography and philosophical problems in psychology provide important pedagogical tools for orienting the reader to materials covered in the rest of the text. Though this book covers most of the standard topics usually covered in courses in history and systems of psychology, it devotes more attention than most texts to the intell... MORE
PREFACExv
CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL STUDIES: SOME ISSUES
1(13)
Why Study the History of Psychology?
1(2)
... MORE
History as a Key to Understanding the Future
1(1)
History as a Contribution to Liberal Education
2(1)
History Teaches Humility
2(1)
History Teaches a Healthy Skepticism
2(1)
History Influences Human Thought Processes
2(1)
Some Problems in Historiography
3(7)
The Development of Historical Consciousness
3(1)
What Is History?
4(1)
Can History Be Objective?
4(2)
Presentism versus Historicism
6(1)
Is There a Pattern or Direction in History?
7(2)
What Makes History?
9(1)
The History of the History of Psychology
10(2)
Internal and External History
12(1)
Review Questions
12(1)
Glossary
12(2)
CHAPTER 2 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES
14(24)
Epistemology
14(10)
A Priori and A Posteriori Knowledge
14(1)
Nativism versus Empiricism
15(1)
Instinct versus Learning
15(1)
What Are the Criteria by Which We Claim to Know the Truth?
16(3)
Other Epistemologies
19(1)
Science and Epistemology
19(5)
Relevance of Epistemology
24(1)
The Problem of Causality
24(3)
Free Will and Determinism
27(2)
The Mind-Body Problem
29(6)
Monism
30(1)
Dualism
31(1)
Pluralism
32(1)
Psychogeny
33(2)
Review Questions
35(1)
Glossary
35(3)
CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT
38(29)
Early Chinese Psychologies
38(1)
Babylonia
39(1)
Egypt
40(1)
Other Ancient Eastern Psychologies
41(1)
The Hebrews
41(1)
Persia
42(1)
Greece
43(21)
The Cosmologists
43(5)
Early Greek Concepts of Illness
48(3)
Relativism
51(1)
The Golden Age of Greece
51(12)
Psychological Thought Following Aristotle
63(1)
Review Questions
64(1)
Glossary
64(3)
CHAPTER 4 THE ROMAN PERIOD AND THE MIDDLE AGES
67(26)
Roman Medicine
68(2)
Galen
68(2)
Roman Philosophy
70(4)
Stoicism
70(1)
Epicureanism
70(1)
Skepticism
70(2)
Neo-Platonism
72(2)
The Fall of Rome
74(1)
The Early Christian Faith
74(1)
The Medieval Period
75(16)
Aurelius Augustine
76(3)
Boethius
79(1)
Islam
80(3)
Judaism in the Middle Ages
83(1)
The Rise of the European Universities
84(6)
Closing Comment
90(1)
Review Questions
91(1)
Glossary
91(2)
CHAPTER 5 THE RENAISSANCE
93(24)
Effect of the Plague
93(2)
Expanding Geographic Knowledge
95(1)
Influence of the Greek Classics
95(1)
Diffusion of Authority
95(1)
Growth of Empirical Studies
96(1)
Quantification
97(1)
Changing Visions of the World
97(4)
The Heliocentric Theory
98(1)
Galileo Galilei
99(1)
The Larger Meaning of the Copernican Revolution
100(1)
Psychological Thought in the Renaissance
101(14)
Petrarch
101(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli
102(2)
Juan Luis Vives
104(2)
Leonardo da Vinci
106(1)
Paracelsus
107(1)
Julius Caesar Scaliger
108(1)
Michel de Montaigne
109(3)
Oliva Sabuco
112(1)
Juan Huarte
113(2)
Review Questions
115(1)
Glossary
115(2)
CHAPTER 6 EMPIRICISM, ASSOCIATIONISM, AND UTILITARIANISM
117(25)
Empiricism
117(15)
Francis Bacon
117(4)
John Locke
121(4)
George Berkeley
125(3)
David Hume
128(4)
Empiricism on the Continent
132(2)
Etienne Bonnot de Condillac
132(1)
Claude-Adrien Helvetius
133(1)
Associationism and Utilitarianism
134(5)
David Hartley
134(1)
Jeremy Bentham
135(1)
James Mill
136(1)
John Stuart Mill
137(2)
Review Questions
139(1)
Glossary
140(2)
CHAPTER 7 RATIONALISM
142(17)
Emphasis on A Priori Knowledge
142(1)
Theory of the Active Mind
142(1)
Deduction versus Induction
143(1)
Rene Descartes
143(3)
Descartes's Method
145(1)
Baruch Spinoza
146(3)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
149(3)
Monadology
150(2)
Christian von Wolff
152(1)
Immanuel Kant
152(2)
Sense Experience and Reason
153(1)
Social Psychology
154(1)
Johann Friedrich Herbart
154(1)
Thomas Reid and Common-Sense Psychology
155(2)
Review Questions
157(1)
Glossary
157(2)
CHAPTER 8 MECHANIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION
159(24)
Thomas Hobbes
159(3)
Rene Descartes Revisited
162(2)
Jan Swammerdam
164(1)
Neils Stensen
165(1)
Stephen Hales
166(1)
Robert Whytt
166(1)
Johann August Unzer
167(1)
Julien Offray de La Mettrie
168(1)
Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis
169(1)
Mapping the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
169(11)
Localization of Function
169(5)
Extending the Powers of Observation
174(1)
Speed of a Nervous Impulse
175(1)
Measuring Behavior
176(3)
Applications of New Measurement Techniques
179(1)
Review Questions
180(1)
Glossary
181(2)
CHAPTER 9 THE EXTENSION OF THE NATURALISTIC PERSPECTIVE
183(28)
Evolutionary Theory
183(8)
Evolution of the Solar System
183(1)
Geological Evolution
184(1)
Evolution in Other Arenas of Intellectual Discourse
185(1)
Organic Evolution
185(3)
Charles Darwin
188(3)
Significance of Evolutionary Theory for Psychology
191(5)
Comparative Psychology
192(1)
Developmental Psychology
193(1)
Emphasis on Adaptation
194(1)
Individual Differences
194(1)
Herbert Spencer
195(1)
Naturalistic Approaches to Emotional Disorders
196(4)
Demonology
196(1)
The Witches' Hammer
196(4)
The Demise of Witchcraft
200(1)
The Early Reformers
200(8)
Reform in the United States: Benjamin Rush
200(2)
Reform in France: Philippe Pinel
202(2)
Reform in Other Places
204(1)
Reform Becomes a Social Movement: Dorothea Dix
205(2)
Reform in the Care and Treatment of Mental Deficiency
207(1)
Review Questions
208(1)
Glossary
208(3)
CHAPTER 10 PSYCHOPHYSICS AND THE FORMAL FOUNDING OF PSYCHOLOGY
211(23)
Psychophysics
211(9)
Ernst Heinrich Weber
212(1)
Weber's Work on the Sense of Touch
212(2)
Gustav Theodor Fechner
214(2)
Rudolph Hermann Lotze
216(1)
Hermann von Helmholtz
217(3)
Wilhelm Wundt
220(11)
General Characteristics of Wundt's Thought
224(2)
The Laboratory and the Broader Vision
226(2)
Some Key Concepts in Wundt's System
228(1)
Wundt's Legacy
229(1)
The Legacy of Wundt's Students in Applied Psychology
230(1)
Review Questions
231(1)
Glossary
231(3)
CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPMENTS AFTER THE FOUNDING
234(22)
Systematic Extension: Edward Bradford Titchener
234(8)
Titchener's Psychology
236(6)
Franz Brentano and Act Psychology
242(4)
Brentano's Psychology
244(2)
Carl Stumpf
246(1)
Georg Elias Muller
247(2)
Oswald Kulpe and the Wurzburg School
249(1)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
250(3)
Wundt's Contemporaries and Applied Psychology
253(1)
Review Questions
254(1)
Glossary
254(2)
CHAPTER 12 FUNCTIONALISM
256(31)
William James and Harvard University
256(10)
General Characteristics of James's Thought
259(3)
Jamesian Psychology
262(4)
James's Legacy
266(1)
Hugo Munsterberg
266(2)
Munsterberg's Psychology
267(1)
G. Stanley Hall and Clark University
268(3)
Hall's Psychology
270(1)
Functionalism and the University of Chicago
271(4)
John Dewey
272(1)
James Rowland Angell
273(1)
Harvey A. Carr
274(1)
Psychology at Columbia University
275(4)
James McKeen Cattell
275(2)
Robert Sessions Woodworth
277(2)
Mary Whiton Calkins
279(1)
The Growth of Applied Psychology
280(3)
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
280(1)
Binet and Intelligence Testing
281(1)
Walter Dill Scott
282(1)
Influence of Functionalism: An Evaluation
283(1)
Review Questions
284(1)
Glossary
284(3)
CHAPTER 13 BEHAVIORISM
287(25)
Antecedents of Behaviorism
288(11)
Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov
288(1)
Ivan Pavlov
289(6)
Other Russian Psychologies
295(1)
Edward Lee Thorndike
296(3)
Formal Founding of American Behaviorism
299(10)
John B. Watson
300(8)
Behaviorism and Applied Psychology
308(1)
Review Questions
309(1)
Glossary
309(3)
CHAPTER 14 OTHER BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGIES
312(29)
Importance of Learning
312(1)
Importance of Precision and Clarity
312(2)
Importance of Experimentation
314(1)
Early Behavioristic Psychologies
314(8)
Max Frederick Meyer
315(1)
William McDougall
316(1)
Edwin Bissell Holt
317(1)
Albert Paul Weiss
318(1)
Walter Samuel Hunter
319(1)
Karl Spencer Lashley
320(2)
Neobehaviorism
322(15)
Clark Leonard Hull
322(3)
Edwin Ray Guthrie
325(2)
Edward Chace Tolman
327(4)
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
331(6)
Further Contributions to Applied Psychology from Neobehaviorism
337(1)
Review Questions
338(1)
Glossary
338(3)
CHAPTER 15 GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
341(27)
Max Wertheimer
341(1)
Wolfgang Kohler
342(2)
Kurt Koffka
344(1)
Intellectual Background of Gestalt Psychology
344(2)
Philosophy
344(1)
Science
345(1)
Psychology
346(1)
The Fundamentals of Gestalt Psychology
346(7)
Thinking
347(1)
Principles of Perceptual Organization
348(2)
Learning
350(1)
Insight: A Further Challenge to the S-R Formula
351(1)
Developmental Concepts
351(2)
Primitive Phenomena
353(1)
Gestalt Perspectives on Scientific Method
353(1)
Mind and Brain
354(1)
Isomorphism
355(1)
The Influence of Gestalt Psychology
355(1)
Kurt Lewin and Field Theory
356(5)
Lewin's Field Theory
357(1)
Tension Systems and Recall
358(1)
Group Dynamics
359(1)
Lewin's Influence
359(1)
The Second Generation of Gestalt Psychologists
359(2)
Some Common Misunderstandings of Gestalt Psychology
361(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy
361(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Scientific Analysis
361(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Nativism
362(1)
The Role of Past Experience
362(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Applied Psychology
362(2)
The Continuing Relevance of Gestalt Psychology
364(1)
Review Questions
365(1)
Glossary
365(3)
CHAPTER 16 PSYCHOANALYSIS
368(33)
Sigmund Freud
368(4)
General Characteristics of Freud's Thought
370(2)
Freud's System of Psychology
372(14)
Life's Major Goal and Its Inevitable Frustration
372(1)
The Structure of Personality
373(1)
Motivation and Unconscious Processes
374(3)
Anxiety
377(1)
Defense Mechanisms of the Ego
378(2)
Stages of Psychosexual Development
380(2)
Psychoanalysis as a Therapeutic Technique
382(1)
Freud's Social Psychology
383(1)
Appreciative Overview
384(1)
Critical Overview
385(1)
Post-Freudian Analytic Psychologies
386(1)
Alfred Adler
386(2)
Adler's System of Psychology
387(1)
Carl Gustav Jung
388(5)
Jung's System of Thought
389(3)
Evaluation
392(1)
Karen Danielsen Horney
393(3)
Horney's System of Thought
393(3)
Other Developments
396(1)
Review Questions
397(1)
Glossary
397(4)
CHAPTER 17 HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGIES
401(22)
Intellectual Traditions
402(6)
William James
402(1)
Existentialism
403(4)
Phenomenology
407(1)
The Formal Emergence of Humanistic Psychologies
408(10)
Abraham Maslow
409(4)
Gordon Allport
413(1)
Carl R. Rogers
414(1)
Viktor Frankl
415(2)
Joseph R. Rychlak
417(1)
Overview of Third-Force Psychologies: Major Positions and Criticisms
418(2)
Review Questions
420(1)
Glossary
420(3)
EPILOGUE: LATE-TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS
423(14)
The Systems of Psychology in Retrospect
423(3)
Psychoanalysis
423(1)
Humanistic Psychology
424(1)
Neobehaviorism and the Psychology of Learning
425(1)
Cognitive Psychology
426(7)
Intellectual Traditions
427(3)
Themes and Content Areas of Cognitive Psychology
430(1)
Critical Appraisal of Cognitive Psychology
431(2)
Diversity and Pluralism in Modern Psychology
433(1)
Review Questions
434(1)
Glossary
435(2)
REFERENCES437(34)
NAME INDEX471(12)
SUBJECT INDEX483

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