Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher.  Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a corporate vice presidency to write. He has published four collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, and Pity the Beautiful (2012); and three critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry’s place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. From 2003-2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowments for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in U.S. reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California.

A Conversation with Amy Tan

W. Somerset Maugham  The Appointment in Samarra  

**  Aesop   The Fox and the Grapes

**  Bidpai   The Camel and His Friends

Chuang Tzu  Independence  

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm  Godfather Death  

John Updike A & P  

Writing effectively 

John Updike on Writing    Why Write?  

William Faulkner   A Rose for Emily  

**  ZZ Packer    Brownies

Edgar Allan Poe    The Tell Tale Heart

James Baldwin   Sonny’s Blues  

Writing Effectively

James Baldwin on Writing   Race and the African American Writer  

Katherine Anne Porter   The Jilting of Granny Weatherall  

Nathaniel Hawthorne   Young Goodman Brown

Katherine Mansfield   Miss Brill  

Raymond Carver   Cathedral  

Writing Effectively

Raymond Carver on Writing   Commonplace but Precise Language  

Kate Chopin   The Storm  

**  Jack London   To Build a Fire  

**  Ray Bradbury    A Sound of Thunder

Amy Tan   A Pair of Tickets  

Writing Effectively

Amy Tan on Writing   Setting the Voice  

Ernest Hemingway   A Clean, Well-Lighted Place  

William Faulkner   Barn Burning  

O. Henry   The Gift of the Magi  

**  Anne Tyler   Teenage Wasteland

Writing Effectively

Ernest Hemingway on Writing   The Direct Style  

Chinua Achebe   Dead Men’s Path 

**  Alice Munro   How I Met My Husband  

Luke 15:11—32   The Parable of the Prodigal Son  

Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.   Harrison Bergeron  

Writing Effectively

Kurt Vonnegut Jr. on Writing   The Themes of Science Fiction  

John Steinbeck   The Chrysanthemums  

D. H. Lawrence   The Rocking-Horse Winner 

Ursula K. Le Guin   The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas  

Shirley Jackson   The Lottery  

writing effectively

Shirley Jackson on Writing   Biography of a Story  

**  Franz Kafka   The Metamorphosis  

Writing Effectively

**  Franz Kafka on Writing   Discussing The Metamorphosis   

FLANNERY O’CONNOR

A Good Man Is Hard to Find  

Revelation  

Flannery O’Connor on Writing

From “On Her Own Work”  

On Her Catholic Faith  

From “The Grotesque in Southern Fiction”  

Critics on Flannery O’Connor

J. O. Tate   A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit  

Mary Jane Schenck   Deconstructing “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”  

Louise S. Cowan  The Character of Mrs. Turpin in “Revelation”  

**       Dean Flower   Listening to Flannery O’connor

Charlotte Perkins Gilman  

The Yellow Wallpaper  

Charlotte Perkins Gilman on Writing

Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wallpaper”  

Whatever Is  

The Nervous Breakdown of Women  

Critics on “The Yellow Wallpaper”

Juliann Fleenor   Gender and Pathology in “The Yellow Wallpaper”  

Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar   Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of Confinement  

Elizabeth Ammons   Biographical Echoes in “The Yellow Wallpaper”  

Alice Walker  

Everyday Use  

Alice Walker on Writing

The Black Woman Writer in America  

Reflections on Writing and Women’s Lives  

Critics on “Everyday Use”

Barbara T. Christian   “Everyday Use” and the Black Power Movement  

**  Mary Helen Washington     “Everyday Use” as a Portrait of the Artist

Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker   Stylish vs. Sacred in “Everyday Use”  

Elaine Showalter   Quilt as Metaphor in “Everyday Use”  

Sherman Alexie   This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona

**  Isabel Allende    The Judge’s Wife  

Margaret Atwood   Happy Endings  

Ambrose Bierce   An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge  

Jorge Luis Borges   The Gospel According to Mark  

T. Coraghessan Boyle   Greasy Lake  

Kate Chopin   The Story of an Hour  

Gabriel García Márquez   A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings 

Zora Neale Hurston   Sweat  

James Joyce   Araby  

Jamaica Kincaid   Girl  

Jhumpa Lahiri   Interpreter of Maladies  

Joyce Carol Oates   Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?  

Tim O’Brien   The Things They Carried  

**  Eudora Welty   A Worn Path

A Conversation with Kay Ryan

William Butler Yeats   The Lake Isle of Innisfree  

Robert Hayden   Those Winter Sundays  

Adrienne Rich   Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers  

Anonymous   Sir Patrick Spence  

Robert Frost   “Out, Out–”  

Robert Browning   My Last Duchess  

Writing Effectively

Adrienne Rich on Writing    Recalling “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”  

thinking about Paraphrase  

William Stafford   Ask Me  

William Stafford   A Paraphrase of “Ask Me”  

Tone

Theodore Roethke   My Papa’s Waltz  

Countee Cullen   For a Lady I Know  

Anne Bradstreet   The Author to Her Book  

Walt Whitman   To a Locomotive in Winter  

Emily Dickinson   I like to see it lap the Miles  

**Benjamin Alire Saenz, To the Desert

**Gwendolyn Brooks    Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward 

Weldon Kees   For My Daughter  

The Person in the Poem  

Natasha Trethewey   White Lies  

Edwin Arlington Robinson   Luke Havergal  

Ted Hughes   Hawk Roosting  

**Anonymous   Dog Haiku

William Wordsworth   I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud  

Dorothy Wordsworth   Journal Entry  

Anne Sexton   Her Kind  

William Carlos Williams   The Red Wheelbarrow  

Irony

Robert Creeley   Oh No  

W. H. Auden   The Unknown Citizen  

Sharon Olds   Rites of Passage  

**Julie Sheehan, Hate Poem

Edna St. Vincent Millay   Second Fig  

Thomas Hardy   The Workbox  

Review

William Blake   The Chimney Sweeper  

William Stafford   At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border  

Richard Lovelace   To Lucasta  

Wilfred Owen   Dulce et Decorum Est  

Writing Effectively

Wilfred Owen on Writing    War Poetry  

William Carlos Williams   This Is Just to Say  

Diction

Marianne Moore   Silence  

Robert Graves   Down, Wanton, Down!  

John Donne   Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You  

The Value of a Dictionary

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow   Aftermath  

** Kay Ryan   Mockingbird

J. V. Cunningham   Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead  

** Samuel Menashe   Bread

Carl Sandburg   Grass

Word Choice and Word Order

Robert Herrick   Upon Julia’s Clothes  

Thomas Hardy   The Ruined Maid  

Wendy Cope   Lonely Hearts  

Review

E. E. Cummings   anyone lived in a pretty how town  

Billy Collins   The Names  

Anonymous   Carnation Milk  

Gina Valdés   English con Salsa  

Lewis Carroll   Jabberwocky  

Writing Effectively

Lewis Carroll   Humpty Dumpty Explicates “Jabberwocky”  

William Blake   London  

Wallace Stevens   Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock  

** Gwendolyn Brooks   The Bean Eaters

E. E. Cummings   next to of course god america i  

Robert Frost   Fire and Ice  

Diane Thiel    The Minefield  

** H.D.   Storm

Alfred, Lord Tennyson   Tears, Idle Tears  

Richard Wilbur   Love Calls Us to the Things of This World  

Writing Effectively

Richard Wilbur on Writing    Concerning “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”  

Ezra Pound   In a Station of the Metro  

Taniguchi Buson   The piercing chill I feel  

Imagery

T. S. Eliot   The winter evening settles down  

Theodore Roethke   Root Cellar  

Elizabeth Bishop   The Fish  

Emily Dickinson   A Route of Evanescence  

Jean Toomer   Reapers  

Gerard Manley Hopkins   Pied Beauty  

About Haiku  

Arakida Moritake   The falling flower  

Matsuo Basho   Heat-lightning streak  

Matsuo Basho   In the old stone pool  

Taniguchi Buson   On the one-ton temple bell  

Taniguchi Buson   Moonrise on mudflats

Kobayashi Issa   only one guy  

Kobayashi Issa   Cricket  

Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps  

**  Suiko Matsushita   Rain shower from mountain

**  Suiko Matsushita   Cosmos in bloom  

**  Hakuro Wada   Even the croaking of frogs  

**  Neiji Ozawa   The war–this year

Contemporary Haiku  

Etheridge Knight  Making jazz swing in

**  Gary Snyder   After weeks of watching the roof leak

**  Adelle Foley   Learning to Shave

**  Garry Gay   Hole in the ozone

For Review and Further Study  

John Keats   Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art  

Walt Whitman   The Runner  

**H.D.    Oread

William Carlos Williams   El Hombre  

Robert Bly   Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter  

Stevie Smith   Not Waving but Drowning  

Writing Effectively

Ezra Pound on Writing   The Image  

17  Figures of Speech  

Alfred, Lord Tennyson   The Eagle  

William Shakespeare   Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?  

Howard Moss   Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?  

Metaphor and Simile

Emily Dickinson   My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun  

Alfred, Lord Tennyson   Flower in the Crannied Wall  

William Blake   To see a world in a grain of sand  

Sylvia Plath   Metaphors  

N. Scott Momaday   Simile  

Jill Alexander Essbaum   The Heart  

Craig Raine   A Martian Sends a Postcard Home  

Other Figures of Speech

James Stephens   The Wind  

Robinson Jeffers   Hands

Margaret Atwood   You fit into me  

Dana Gioia   Money  

Carl Sandburg   Fog  

For Review and Further Study  

Robert Frost   The Silken Tent  

Jane Kenyon   The Suitor  

Robert Frost   The Secret Sits  

A. R. Ammons   Coward   

Kay Ryan   Turtle  

**Emily Brontë   Love and Friendship  

Robert Burns   Oh, my love is like a red, red rose  

Writing Effectively

Robert Frost on Writing   The Importance of Poetic Metaphor  

Ben Jonson   To Celia  

James Weldon Johnson   Sence You Went Away

** William Shakespeare   Fear no more the heat o’ the sun

Edwin Arlington Robinson   Richard Cory  

Paul Simon   Richard Cory  

Ballads

Anonymous   Bonny Barbara Allan  

Dudley Randall   Ballad of Birmingham  

Blues

Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams   Jailhouse Blues  

W. H. Auden   Funeral Blues  

Review

** Bob Dylan   The Times They Are a-Changin’  

Aimee Mann   Deathly  

Writing Effectively

**  Bob Dylan on Writing   TBD: Excerpt from Dylan’s  Chronicles

William Butler Yeats   Who Goes with Fergus?  

William Wordsworth   A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal  

Aphra Behn   When maidens are young  

Alliteration and Assonance

A. E. Housman   Eight O’Clock  

James Joyce   All day I hear  

Alfred, Lord Tennyson   The splendor falls on castle walls  

Rime

William Cole   On my boat on Lake Cayuga  

Hilaire Belloc   The Hippopotamus  

**Bob Kaufman    No More Jazz at Alcatraz 

William Butler Yeats   Leda and the Swan  

Gerard Manley Hopkins   God’s Grandeur  

Robert Frost   Desert Places  

Reading and Hearing Poem Aloud

Michael Stillman   In Memoriam John Coltrane  

Kevin Young    Doo Wop

T. S. Eliot   Virginia  

Writing Effectively

T. S. Eliot on Writing   The Music of Poetry  

Stresses and Pauses

Gwendolyn Brooks   We Real Cool  

Alfred, Lord Tennyson   Break, Break, Break  

Dorothy Parker   Résumé  

Meter

Edna St. Vincent Millay   Counting-out Rhyme  

A. E. Housman   When I was one-and-twenty  

William Carlos Williams   Smell!  

Walt Whitman   Beat! Beat! Drums!  

**  David Mason   Song of the Powers  

Langston Hughes   Dream Boogie  

Writing Effectively

Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing   Hearing “We Real Cool”  

Formal Patterns

John Keats   This living hand, now warm and capable  

Robert Graves   Counting the Beats  

John Donne   Song (“Go and catch a falling star”)  

The Sonnet

William Shakespeare   Let me not to the marriage of true minds  

Edna St. Vincent Millay   What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why  

Robert Frost   Acquainted with the Night  

A. E. Stallings   Sine Qua Non  

**Amit Majmudar   Rites to Allay the Dead

R. S. Gwynn   Shakespearean Sonnet  

The Epigram

Sir John Harrington   Of Treason

**  Langston Hughes   Two Somewhat Different Epigrams

**  Dorothy Parker    The Actress

**   Poetweets

**  Lawrence Bridges   Two Poetweets

**  Robert Pinsky    Low Pay Piecework

Other Forms  

Dylan Thomas   Do not go gentle into that good night  

Robert Bridges   Triolet  

Elizabeth Bishop   Sestina  

Writing Effectively

A. E. Stallings on Writing   On Form and Artifice  

Denise Levertov   Ancient Stairway  

Free Verse

E. E. Cummings   Buffalo Bill ’s  

**  W. S. Merwin   For the Anniversary of My Death  

William Carlos Williams   The Dance  

**  Stephen Crane   The Wayfarer  

Walt Whitman   Cavalry Crossing a Ford  

Wallace Stevens   Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird  

Prose Poetry

**  Charles Simic   The Magic Study of Happiness

Visual Poetry

George Herbert   Easter Wings  

John Hollander   Swan and Shadow  

For Review and Further Study  

E. E. Cummings   in Just-  

**  Francisco X. Alarcón   Frontera / Border

Carole Satyamurti   I Shall Paint My Nails Red  

**  Alice Fulton   What I Like  

Writing Effectively

Walt Whitman on Writing   The Poetry of the Future  

T. S. Eliot   The Boston Evening Transcript   

Emily Dickinson   The Lightning is a yellow Fork  

Identifying Symbols

Thomas Hardy   Neutral Tones  

Allegory

Matthew :—   The Parable of the Good Seed  

**  George Herbert   Redemption

Robert Frost   The Road Not Taken  

**  Antonio Machado    The Traveler

Christina Rossetti   Uphill  

Review

**  William Carlos Williams   The Young Housewife

**  Ted Kooser   Carrie  

Mary Oliver   Wild Geese

**  Tami Haaland    Lipstick

Lorine Niedecker   Popcorn-can cover  

Wallace Stevens    The Snow Man

Wallace Stevens   Anecdote of the Jar  

Writing Effectively

William Butler Yeats on Writing   Poetic Symbols

Origins of Myth

Robert Frost   Nothing Gold Can Stay  

William Wordsworth   The world is too much with us  

H. D.   Helen  

** Edgar Allan Poe   To Helen  

Archetype

Louise Bogan   Medusa  

John Keats   La Belle Dame sans Merci  

Personal Myth

William Butler Yeats   The Second Coming  

Myth and Popular Culture

A. E. Stallings   First Love: A Quiz

Anne Sexton   Cinderella  

Writing Effectively  

Anne Sexton on Writing   Transforming Fairy Tales  

Confessional Poetry

Sylvia Plath   Lady Lazarus  

Identity Poetics

Rhina Espaillat   Bilingual/Bilingüe  

Culture, Race, and Ethnicity

Claude McKay   America  

**Shirley Geok-lin Lim    Riding Into California

Judith Ortiz Cofer   Quiñceañera  

Yusef Komunyakaa   Facing It  

Gender

**Carolyn Kizer     Bitch

**Rafael Campo    For J. W.

Donald Justice   Men at Forty  

Adrienne Rich   Women  

Review

**Andrew Hudgins    Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead

**Brian Turner     The Hurt Locker

Philip Larkin   Aubade  

Writing Effectively

Rhina Espaillat on Writing   Being a Bilingual Writer  

Sor Juana   Presente en que el Cariño Hace Regalo la Llaneza  

Translated by Diane Thiel   A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection  

Pablo Neruda   Muchos Somos  

Translated by Alastair Reid   We Are Many  

** Jorge Luis Borges   On his blindness

**Translated by Robert Mezey   On His Blindness

Octavio Paz   Con los ojos cerrados  

Translated by Eliot Weinberger   With eyes closed  

Frida Kahlo   The Two Fridas  

César Vallejo   La cólera que quiebra al hombre en niños  

Translated by Thomas Merton   Anger  

** José Emilio Pacheco   Alta Traición  

**Translated by Alastair Reid   High Treason  

** Tedi López Mills   Convalecencia  

       **Translated by Cheryl Clark   Convalescence  

** Pedro Serrano   Golondrinas  

**Translated by Anna Crowe   Swallows  

Writing Effectively

Alastair Reid on Writing   Translating Neruda  

Anonymous   O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face  

Emily Dickinson   A Dying Tiger — moaned for Drink  

Sentimentality

Rod McKuen   Thoughts on Capital Punishment  

William Stafford   Traveling Through the Dark  

Recognizing Excellence

William Butler Yeats   Sailing to Byzantium  

Arthur Guiterman   On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness  

Percy Bysshe Shelley   Ozymandias  

**Robert Hayden   Frederick Douglass

Elizabeth Bishop   One Art  

**John Keats   Ode to a Nightingale

Walt Whitman   O Captain! My Captain!  

Dylan Thomas    In My Craft or Sullen Art  

Paul Laurence Dunbar   We Wear the Mask  

Emma Lazarus   The New Colossus  

Edgar Allan Poe   Annabel Lee  

Writing Effectively

Edgar Allan Poe on Writing   A Long Poem Does Not Exist  

28 What Is Poetry?  

**Archibald MacLeish   Ars Poetica  

Emily Dickinson  

Success is counted sweetest  

**I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed

Wild Nights — Wild Nights!  

I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain  

I’m Nobody! Who are you?  

The Soul selects her own Society  

After great pain, a formal feeling comes  

Much Madness is divinest Sense

This is my letter to the World  

I heard a Fly buzz — when I died  

Because I could not stop for Death  

Tell all the Truth but tell it slant  

Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson

Recognizing Poetry  

Self-Description  

Critics on Emily Dickinson  

Thomas H. Johnson   The Discovery of Emily Dickinson’s Manuscripts  

Richard Wilbur   The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson  

Cynthia Griffin Wolff   Dickinson and Death (A Reading of “Because I could not stop for Death”)  

Judith Farr   A Reading of “My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun”  

Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar   The Freedom of Emily Dickinson

Langston Hughes  

The Negro Speaks of Rivers  

 My People

Mother to Son  

Dream Variations  

I, Too  

The Weary Blues  

               **Song for a Dark Girl  

Ballad of the Landlord  

Theme for English B  

**Nightmare Boogie

Harlem [Dream Deferred]  

Homecoming

Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes

The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain  

The Harlem Renaissance  

Critics on Langston Hughes

Arnold Rampersad   Hughes as an Experimentalist  

Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson   Langston Hughes and Harlem  

Darryl Pinckney   Black Identity in Langston Hughes  

Onwuchekwa Jemie   A Reading of “Dream Deferred”  

T. S. Eliot  

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock  

T. S. Eliot on Writing

Poetry and Emotion  

The Objective Correlative  

Critics on “Prufrock”

Denis Donoghue   One of the Irrefutable Poets  

Philip R. Headings   The Pronouns in the Poem: “One,” “You,” and “I”  

Maud Ellmann   Will There Be Time?  

Aaron Abeyta   thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla 

Anonymous   Lord Randall  

Matthew Arnold   Dover Beach  

John Ashbery   At North Farm  

Margaret Atwood   Siren Song  

W. H. Auden   As I Walked Out One Evening  

W. H. Auden   Musée des Beaux Arts 

Elizabeth Bishop   Filling Station  

William Blake   The Tyger  

William Blake   The Sick Rose  

Gwendolyn Brooks   The Mother  

Gwendolyn Brooks   The Rites for Cousin Vit

Elizabeth Barrett Browning   How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways  

Robert Browning   Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister  

Charles Bukowski   Dostoevsky

**Lorna Dee Cervantes    Cannery Town in August

Samuel Taylor Coleridge   Kubla Khan  

Billy Collins   Care and Feeding  

Hart Crane   My Grandmother’s Love Letters  

E. E. Cummings   somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond  

Marisa de los Santos   Perfect Dress  

John Donne   Death be not proud  

John Donne   The Flea  

John Donne   A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning  

Rita Dove   Daystar

T. S. Eliot   Journey of the Magi  

Robert Frost   Birches  

Robert Frost   Mending Wall  

Robert Frost   Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening  

Allen Ginsberg   A Supermarket in California  

Thomas Hardy   The Convergence of the Twain  

Thomas Hardy   The Darkling Thrush  

Seamus Heaney   Digging  

George Herbert   Love  

Robert Herrick   To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time  

Gerard Manley Hopkins   Spring and Fall  

Gerard Manley Hopkins   The Windhover  

A. E. Housman   Loveliest of trees, the cherry now  

A. E. Housman   To an Athlete Dying Young  

Randall Jarrell   The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner  

** Robinson Jeffers   Rock and Hawk

Ha Jin   Missed Time

Ben Jonson   On My First Son  

Donald Justice   On the Death of Friends in Childhood  

John Keats   Ode on a Grecian Urn  

John Keats   When I have fears that I may cease to be  

John Keats   To Autumn  

**Ted Kooser   Abandoned Farmhouse  

Philip Larkin   Home is so Sad  

Philip Larkin   Poetry of Departures  

D. H. Lawrence   Piano  

**  Denise Levertov   O Taste and See

Shirley Geok-lin Lim   Learning to Love America

Li Po   Translated by Arthur Waley   Drinking Alone by Moonlight  

Robert Lowell   Skunk Hour  

Andrew Marvell   To His Coy Mistress  

Edna St. Vincent Millay   Recuerdo  

John Milton   When I consider how my light is spent  

Marianne Moore   Poetry  

Marilyn Nelson   A Strange Beautiful Woman  

Sharon Olds   The One Girl at the Boys’ Party  

Wilfred Owen   Anthem for Doomed Youth  

Sylvia Plath   Daddy  

Alexander Pope   A little Learning is a dang’rous Thing  

Ezra Pound   The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter  

Henry Reed   Naming of Parts  

Adrienne Rich   Living in Sin  

Edwin Arlington Robinson   Miniver Cheevy  

Theodore Roethke   Elegy for Jane  

William Shakespeare   That time of year thou mayst in me behold  

**William Shakespeare   When to the sessions of sweet silent thought  

William Shakespeare   My mistress’ eyes are nothing likethe sun  

Charles Simic    The Butcher Shop

William Stafford   The Farm on the Great Plains  

Wallace Stevens   The Emperor of Ice-Cream  

Alfred, Lord Tennyson   Ulysses  

Dylan Thomas   Fern Hill  

John Updike   Ex-Basketball Player  

**  Derek Walcott   Sea Grapes

**  Edmund Waller   Go, Lovely Rose  

Walt Whitman   from Song of the Open Road  

Walt Whitman   I Hear America Singing  

Richard Wilbur   The Writer  

William Carlos Williams   Spring and All  

** William Carlos Williams   Queen-Anne’s-Lace

William Wordsworth   Composed upon Westminster Bridge  

James Wright   Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio  

Mary Sidney Wroth   In this strange labyrinth  

William Butler Yeats   Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop  

William Butler Yeats   The Magi  

William Butler Yeats   When You Are Old  

A Conversation with David Ives

Susan Glaspell   Trifles  

Writing Effectively

Susan Glaspell on Writing   Creating Trifles  

Christopher Marlowe   Scene From Doctor Faustus (Act 2, Scene 1)  

Comedy 

**David Ives   Sure Thing

Writing Effectively 

David Ives  on Writing   On the one-act play  

Sophocles   Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)  

Critics on Sophocles

Aristotle   Defining Tragedy  

Sigmund Freud   The Destiny of Oedipus  

E. R. Dodds   On Misunderstanding Oedipus 

A. E. Haigh   The Irony of Sophocles  

David Wiles   The Chorus as Democrat  

Writing Effectively

Robert Fitzgerald   Translating Sophocles into English  

35   Critical Casebook: Shakespeare  

William Shakespeare   Othello, the Moor of Venice  

Critics on Shakespeare

Anthony Burgess   An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare  

W. H. Auden   Iago as a Triumphant Villain  

Maud Bodkin   Lucifer in Shakespeare’s Othello  

Virginia Mason Vaughan   Black and White in Othello  

Clare Asquith   Shakespeare’s Language as a Hidden Political Code  

Writing Effectively

Ben Jonson on Writing   On His Friend and Rival William Shakespeare  

Henrik Ibsen   A Doll’s House (Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)

Henrik Ibsen on Writing   Correspondence on the Final Scene of A Doll’s House   

Tennessee Williams   The Glass Menagerie  

Tennessee Williams on Writing   How to Stage The Glass Menagerie

**Milcha Sanchez-Scott   The Cuban Swimmer

**Milcha Sanchez-Scott on Writing   Writing The Cuban Swimmer

Anna Deavere Smith  Scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992

Anna Deavere Smith on Writing   A Call to the Community  

37 Plays for Further Reading  

David Henry Hwang   The Sound of a Voice  

David Henry Hwang on Writing   Multicultural Theater  

**  Edward Bok Lee   El Santo Americano

**  Edward Bok Lee on Writing    On Being a Korean American Writer

**Jane Martin   Beauty  

August Wilson   Fences  1996

August Wilson on Writing   A Look into Black America 

38 Writing About Literature  

Robert Frost   Nothing Gold Can Stay  

**Anonymous (after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar)   A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers  

39  Writing About a Story  

40 Writing About a Poem  

Robert Frost   Design  

Abbie Huston Evans   Wing-Spread  

Robert Frost   In White  

Reference Guide for Citations   

Formalist Criticism  

Robert Langbaum   On Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess”  

Biographical Criticism  

Brett C. Millier   On Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art”  

Historical Criticism  

**  Kathryn Lee Seidel   The Economics of Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat” 

Psychological Criticism  

Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood   Fairy Tale Motifs in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

Mythological Criticism  

Edmond Volpe   Myth in Faulkner’s “Barn Burning”  

Sociological Criticism  

Alfred Kazin   Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln  

Gender Criticism  

**  Nina Pelikan Straus   Transformations in The Metamorphosis   

Reader-Response Criticism  

Stanley Fish   An Eskimo “A Rose for Emily”  

Deconstructionist Criticism  

**  Geoffrey Hartman   On Wordsworth’s “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal”  

Cultural Studies  

Camille Paglia   A Reading of William Blake’s “The Chimney Sweeper”  

Glossary of Literary Terms

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