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Classic Philosophical Questions
ISBN: 9780136006527 | 0136006523
Edition: 13thFormat: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2009
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For introductory philosophy courses at the undergraduate level. Classic Philosophic Questions has presented decades of students with the most compelling classic and contemporary primary source readings on the most enduring and abiding questions in philosophy. Classic Philosophic Questions is a longstanding and highly respectedanthology of basic readings in philosophy, taken from ancient, modern, and contemporary sources. Issues are treated in a fundamentally open manner with arguments pro and con for the various positions covered. All selection... MORE
| Preface | p. xiii |
| Plato and the Trial of Socrates | |
| What Is Philosophy? | |
| Euthyphro: Defining Philosophical Terms | p. 1 |
| The Apology, Phaedo, and Crito: The Trial, Immortality, and Death of Socrates | p. 12 |
| Philosophy of Religion | |
| Can We Prove That God Exists? | |
| St. Anselm: The Ontological Argument | p. 37 |
| St. Thomas Aquinas: The Cosmological A... MORE | p. 43 |
| William Paley: The Teleological Argument | p. 50 |
| Blaise Pascal: It Is Better to Believe in God's Existence Than to Deny It | p. 56 |
| William James: Free Choice Is the Basis of Belief | p. 62 |
| Does the Idea of a Good God Exclude Evil? | |
| Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: God Can Allow Some Evil | p. 72 |
| David Hume: A Good God Would Exclude Evil | p. 83 |
| Ethics | |
| Are Ethics Relative? | |
| Ruth Benedict: Ethics Are Relative | p. 91 |
| W.T. Stace: Ethics Are Not Relative | p. 99 |
| Are Humans Always Selfish? | |
| Humans Are Always Selfish: Glaucon's Challenge to Socrates | p. 111 |
| James Rachels: Humans Are Not Always Selfish | p. 115 |
| Which Is Basic in Ethics: Happiness or Obligation? | |
| Aristotle: Happiness Is Living Virtuously | p. 127 |
| Jeremy Bentham: Happiness Is Seeking the Greatest Pleasure for the Greatest Number of People | p. 137 |
| Immanuel Kant: Duty Is Prior to Happiness | p. 146 |
| Friedrich Nietzsche: Happiness Is Having Power | p. 160 |
| Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialist Ethics | p. 168 |
| Rosemarie Tong: Feminist Ethics Are Different | p. 178 |
| Two Contemporary Moral Problems: Abortion, Animal Rights | |
| Jane English: Are Most Abortions Moral? | p. 196 |
| The Animal Rights Issue | |
| Peter Singer: Do Animals Have Rights? | p. 207 |
| Knowledge | |
| What Is Knowledge? | |
| Plato: Knowledge Is "Warranted, True Belief" | p. 221 |
| What Method Is Best for Acquiring Knowledge? | |
| Charles Sanders Peirce: Four Approaches to Philosophy | p. 231 |
| How Do We Acquire Knowledge? | |
| Rene Descartes: Knowledge Is Not Ultimately Sense Knowledge | p. 242 |
| John Locke: Knowledge Is Ultimately Sensed | p. 254 |
| Immanuel Kant: Knowledge Is Both Rational and Empirical | p. 267 |
| How Is Truth Established? | |
| Bertrand Russell: Truth Is Established by Correspondence | p. 276 |
| Francis. H. Bradley: Truth Is Established by Coherence | p. 283 |
| William James: Truth Is Established on Pragmatic Grounds | p. 290 |
| Can We Know the Nature of Causal Relations? | |
| David Hume: Cause Means Regular Association | p. 298 |
| David Hume: There Are No Possible Grounds for Induction | p. 305 |
| Metaphysics | |
| Why Is There Something Rather Than Nothing? | |
| Parmenides: Being Is Uncaused | p. 317 |
| Lao-Tzu: Non-Being Is the Source of Being | p. 323 |
| Is Reality General or Particular? | |
| Plato: Universals Are Real | p. 329 |
| David Hume: Particulars Are Real | p. 339 |
| Of What Does Reality Consist? | |
| Rene Descartes: Reality Consists of Mind and Matter | p. 345 |
| Paul Churchland: Reality Consists of Matter | p. 352 |
| George Berkeley: Reality Consists of Ideas | p. 360 |
| John Dewey: Reality Consists of Mental and Physical Qualities | p. 373 |
| Are Humans Free? | |
| Holbach: Humans Are Determined | p. 382 |
| Robert Kane: Humans Are Free | p. 392 |
| Social and Political Philosophy | |
| What Is Liberty? | |
| Fyodor Dostoevski: Liberty and Authority | p. 409 |
| John Stuart Mill: Liberty Is Independence from the Majority's Tyranny | p. 422 |
| Martin Luther King Jr.: Liberty and Racial Prejudice | p. 434 |
| Which Government Is Best? | |
| Thomas Hobbes: Monarchy Is Best | p. 445 |
| John Locke: Democracy Is Best | p. 453 |
| Karl Marx: Communism and Nonalienated Labor Is Best | p. 460 |
| Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy Can Have Serious Problems | p. 476 |
| Karl Popper: Utopias Lead to Violence | p. 484 |
| Aesthetics | |
| What Constitutes the Experience of Beauty? | |
| Plotinus: Beauty, Sensuous and Ideal | p. 495 |
| What Is the Function of Art? | |
| Aristotle: The Nature of Tragedy | p. 505 |
| Henri Bergson: The Nature of Comedy | p. 514 |
| Philosophy and the Good Life | |
| Two Classic Views of the Good Life | |
| Epicurus and the Pleasant Life | p. 525 |
| Epictetus and the Life of Self-Control | p. 534 |
| What Gives Life Meaning? | |
| Leo Tolstoy: Faith Provides Life's Meaning | p. 541 |
| Albert Camus: Each Person Determines His or Her Life's Meaning | p. 553 |
| What Is the Value of Philosophy? | |
| Bertrand Russell: The Value of Philosophy | p. 565 |
| Glossary | p. 572 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
