Part 1 Critical Thinking and Reading

1. Critical Habits of Mind

        a  Distinguishing academic writing from personal and business writing

        b  Cultivating wonder and a passion for ideas

        c  Seeking and questioning similarities and differences

        d  Challenge and be challenged

      e  Consider broader contexts

2. Understanding Sources 

        a  Understanding print sources

        b  Understanding Web sites

        c  Understanding images

3. Critical Thinking and Reading to Evaluate

        a  Evaluating print sources

        b  Evaluating Web sites

        c  Evaluating images

4. Responding to Sources

        a   Setting goals for reading to respond

        b  Applying techniques for reading to respond

        c  Moving personal responses into your papers

5. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting

        a  Summarizing and paraphrasing sources

        b  Quoting sources

        c  Altering quotations

6. Weaving Sources into Your Papers

        a  Building evidence-based paragraphs

        b  Making standard “moves” with sources

        c  Weaving quotations into your sentences

        d  Identifying authors in your sentences

7. Synthesizing Sources

        a  Understanding your purpose for synthesizing sources

        b  Creating an index to your sources

Part 2 Critical Thinking and Writing

8. Understanding Your Assignment and Audience

        a  Understanding your assignment

        b  The audience for your assigned paper

        c  Generating ideas and information

9. Devising the Thesis

        a  Thesis definitions

        b  Focusing on the claim and your ambitions for the paper

10. Planning the Paper and Building the Draft

        a  Using the working thesis to identify parts of the paper

        b  Preparing a formal outline

        c  Writing a draft collaboratively

        d  Sample student paper: First draft

11. Global Revision and Peer Review

        a  Bringing your main idea into focus

        b  Peer review

12. Section/Paragraph/Sentence Revision

        a  Section-level revision: Developing your main idea

        b  Paragraph-level revision

        c  Sentence-level revision

        d  Sample student paper: Final draft        

Part 3  Making Arguments in the Disciplines

13. Writing Arguments in the Humanities

                a  Overview of the humanities

                b  Making arguments in the humanities

14. Writing Arguments in the Social Sciences

                a  Overview of the social sciences

                b  Making arguments in the social sciences

15. Writing in the Natural and Applied Sciences

                a  Overview of the sciences

                b  Making arguments in the sciences

                c  Types of writing assignments in the sciences

16. Applying Principles of Academic Writing to Business Settings

                a  Overview of business communication

                b  Writing letters or e-mails of inquiry, complaint, and application

                c  Writing résumés (print and Web-based

                d  Making oral presentations

Part 4  Library of Academic Writing

17. Summary

                a  Summary defined

                b  Planning and writing the paper

                Sample student paper in the Humanities (MLA)

18. Explanation

                a  Explanation defined

                b  Planning and writing the paper

                Sample student paper in the Social Sciences (APA)

19. Analysis

                a  Analysis defined

                b  Planning and writing the paper

                Sample student papers:

                                in the Social Sciences (APA)

                                in the Sciences (CSE)

20. Literary Analysis

                a  Literary analysis defined

                b  Planning and writing the paper

                Sample student paper in the Humanities (MLA)

21. Critique

                a  Critique defined

                b  Planning and writing the paper

                Sample student papers:

 in the Humanities (MLA)

in the Social Sciences (APA)

22. Argument

                a  Argument defined

                b  Making a claim

                c  Ethos: Establishing yourself as trustworthy

                d  Logos: Supporting your claim with logical reasons

                e  Pathos: Supporting your claim with emotional reasons

                f  Gathering evidence

                g  Avoiding fallacies of evidence and logic

                h  Responding to counterarguments

                i  Writing your argument

                Sample student paper in the Humanities (MLA)

23. Proposal

                a  Proposal defined

                b  Planning and writing the paper

                Sample student paper in the Sciences (CSE)

24. Essay exams

                a  Essay exam writing defined

                b  Planning and writing the in-class essay

                c  A note on “Big Ideas”

                Sample student essay exam in the Sciences (CSE) 

Part 5  Research

25. The Research Process

        a  Defining the task: Topic, purpose, and audience

        b  Identifying your research question

        c  Generating a plan for research

        d  Devising a working thesis and writing a draft

        e  Record-keeping: Creating a working bibliography

26. Locating Electronic and Print Sources

        a  Reviewing sources for preliminary research and reading

        b  Focusing your research

        c  Locating sources on the Web

        d  Additional Web sites for researchers

        e  Bringing your research to an end

27. Avoiding Plagiarism

        a  Citing sources

        b  Causes of plagiarism

        c  Three rules for avoiding plagiarism

        d  Determining common knowledge

        e  Plagiarism, the Internet, and “Fair Use”

        f  Collaboration and plagiarism

Part 6  MLA Documentation

28. Using the MLA System of Documentation

                Quick Index

                a  In-text citations

                b  Works Cited models

Part 7  APA, CMS, CSE Documentation

29. Using the APA System of Documentation

                Quick Index

                a  In-text citations

                b  References

30. Using the CMS and CSE Systems of Documentation

                CMS

                a  First and subsequent references in CMS notes

                b  CMS notes style

                CSE

                c  In-text citations in CSE format

                d  Entries in the CSE References list

Part 8 Multimedia Resources

31. Multimedia Presentations

        a  Writing and multimedia: Similarities and differences

        b  Composing Web sites

        c  Composing blogs

        d  Composing wikis

        e  Composing slideshows

        f  Composing audio podcasts

        g  Composing digital video

        h  Designing written documents

32. Digital Sources: Images, Audio, Video

        a  Fair use/Transformative use

        b  Public domain

        c  Copyright friendly

        d  Resources for finding digital media

        e  A reminder

Part 9  Revising for Sentence Structure and Clarity

33. Correcting Sentence Fragments

      a  Dependent clauses

      b  Phrases

      c  Compound predicates

34. Correcting Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences

      a  Identifying errors

      b  Correcting errors

35. Building Emphasis with Coordination and Subordination

      a  Coordination with and/but, consequently

      b  Subordination with while, when, because

      c  Mixing coordination and subordination

36. Correcting Errors in Consistency

      a  Shifts in person and number

      b  Shifts in tense, mood, and voice

      c  Direct and indirect speech

      d  Logic among sentence parts

      e  Consistent relations

      f  Constructions with missing words

      g  Clear comparisons

37. Being Clear, Concise, and Direct

      a  Wordiness

      b  Strong verbs

38. Precision: Choosing the Right Word

      a  Dictionary entries

      b  Vocabulary building

      c  The impact of words

      d  Tone

      e  Biased language

Part 10  Revising for Correctness

39. Using Verbs

      a  Principal parts

      b  Irregular verbs

      c  Auxiliary verbs

      d  Transitive and intransitive verbs

      e  Tense

      f  Tense sequencing

      g  Active and passive voices

      h  Mood

40. Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement

      a  Subject number and verb agreement

      b  Indefinite (in number) and other subjects

41. Correcting Errors in Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement & Reference

      a  Pronoun-antecedent and number

      b  Clear pronoun reference

42. Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

      a  Positioning modifiers

      b  Limiting modifiers

      c  Squinting modifiers

      d  Disruptive modifiers

      e  Dangling modifiers

43. Using Adjectives and Adverbs

      a  Adjectives and adverbs

      b  Adjectives and linking verbs

      c  Using comparatives and superlatives

      d  Logic of comparatives and superlatives

      e  Double comparisons, superlatives, and negatives

      f  Past and present participles as adjectives

44. Using Nouns and Pronouns

      a  Pronouns as subjects

      b  Pronouns as objects

      c  Nouns/pronouns to show possession

      d  Pronouns in compound constructions

      e  Pronouns paired with nouns

      f  Choosing who/whom

      g  Pronouns in comparisons

45. Correcting Faulty Parallelism

      a  Parallelism with and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet

      b  Parallelism with either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/but also

      c  Parallelism in sentences with compared and contrasted elements

Part 11  Revising Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling

46. Using End Punctuation

      a  The period

      b  The question mark

      c  The exclamation point

47. Using Commas

      a  Commas with introductory and concluding expressions

      b  Commas before coordinating conjunctions

      c  Commas between items in a series

      d  Commas to set off nonessential elements

      e  Conventions of quoting, naming, and various forms of separation

      f  Misuse or overuse of commas

48. Using Semicolons

      a  Linking independent clauses

      b  Linking independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb (however,

                                therefore)

      c  Linking independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (and, but)

      d  Separating items in a series

      e  Quotation marks and semicolons

49. Using Apostrophes

      a  Possession with nouns and pronouns

      b  Contractions marking the omission of letters and numbers

      c  Plural forms of letters, numbers, and symbols

50. Using Quotations Marks

      a  Direct quotations

      b  Dialogue and other material

      c  Misuse or overuse of quotation marks

51. Using Other Marks

      a  The colon

      b  Dashes for emphasis

      c  Parentheses to set off nonessential information

      d  Brackets for editorial clarification

      e  Ellipses to indicate a break in continuity

      f  The slash

52. Using Capitals

      a  The first letter of the first word in every sentence

      b  Words of significance in a title

      c  The first word in every line of poetry, according to conventions

      d  Proper nouns

53. Using Italics

      a  Words for specific emphasis

      b  Words, letters, and numbers to be defined or identified

      c  Titles of book-length works

      d  The Internet

54. Using Abbreviations

      a  Titles of rank both before and after proper names

      b  Specific dates and numbers

      c  Acronyms, uppercase abbreviations, and corporate abbreviations

      d  Latin expressions

      e  Misuse of abbreviations

55. Using Numbers in Writing

      a  Numbers that begin sentences and one-or two-word numbers

      b  Conventional use of numbers

56. Using Hyphens

      a  Compound words

      b  Word divisions at the end of a line

57. Making Spelling Decisions

      a  Homonyms and commonly confused words

      b  Basic rules for ie/ei

      c  Rules for using prefixes

      d  Rules for using suffixes

      e  Rules for forming plurals

Part 12  Multilingual Users’ Guide

58. The Fundamentals of Grammar

      a  Five patterns

      b  Sentence parts

      c  Phrases

      d  Clauses

      e  Sentence classification

59. Using English Nouns, Pronouns, and Articles

      a  English nouns 

      b  Articles with nouns

      c  Nouns with prepositions

60. Using English Verbs

      a  Different types of verbs

      b  Verb forms

      c  Word order

      d  Helping verbs

      e  Gerunds and infinitives

      f  Two- and three-word verbs with participles

61. Using Modifiers and Connectors in English Sentences

      a  Single-word adjectives and nouns

      b  Adjectival modifiers with linking verbs and prepositions

      c  Adverbial modifiers

      d  Phrases and clauses to modify nouns and pronouns

      e  Clauses and phrases with connecting words

      f  Cumulative modifiers

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