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Criminal Justice : A Brief Introduction

ISBN: 9780131701540 | 0131701541
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2006

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SummaryTable of Contents
The best-selling brief introduction to criminal justice text, Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, Sixth Edition, continues to offer instructors and students a trusted, authoritative and impeccably researched introduction to the criminal justice system in America. Book jacket.
The first and best-selling brief introduction to criminal justice text, Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction 6e continues to offer instructors and students a trusted, authoritative and impeccably researched introduction to the criminal j... MORE
Prefacexvii
Acknowledgmentsxix
About the Authorxxi
PART 1 CRIME IN AMERICA
1(106)
... MORE
What Is Criminal Justice?
2(24)
Introduction
4(1)
A Brief History of Crime in America
5(4)
CJ News First Enron Executive Goes to Prison
7(2)
The Theme of this Book
9(3)
Social Justice
11(1)
American Criminal Justice: System and Functions
12(2)
The Consensus Model
12(1)
The Conflict Model
12(2)
American Criminal Justice: The Process
14(4)
Investigation and Arrest
14(1)
Pretrial Activities
14(2)
Adjudication
16(1)
Sentencing
17(1)
Corrections
17(1)
Due Process and Individual Rights
18(2)
The Role of the Courts in Defining Rights
18(1)
The Ultimate Goal: Crime Control through Due Process
19(1)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
20(1)
The Role of Research in Criminal Justice
20(1)
CJ Careers U.S. Federal Government 2004 General Schedule (GS) Pay
21(1)
Multiculturalism and Diversity in Criminal Justice
21(2)
Summary
23(1)
Discussion Questions
24(1)
Web Quest
25(1)
The Crime Picture
26(44)
Introduction
28(1)
Crime Data and Social Policy
29(1)
The Collection of Crime Data
29(1)
The Uniform Crime Reports
29(20)
Development of the UCR Program
29(2)
Historical Trends
31(1)
UCR Terminology
32(3)
Part 1 Offenses
35(5)
CJ News Bank Robbers Loving NYC
40(1)
Multiculturalism and Diversity Race and the Criminal Justice System
41(4)
CJ Exhibit 2--1 Identity Theft: A New Kind of Larceny
45(1)
Part II Offences
46(1)
Nibrs: The New UCR
46(3)
The National Crime Victimization Survey
49(1)
Comparisons of the UCR and the NCVS
50(2)
Problems with the UCR and the NCVS
50(2)
Special Categories of Crime
52(16)
Crime against Women
52(2)
Multiculturalism and Diversity Gender Issues in Criminal Justice
54(1)
CJ Exhibit 2--2 Offline versus Online Stalking: A Comparison
55(1)
Crime against the Elderly
55(1)
Hate Crime
56(2)
Corporate and White-Collar Crime
58(1)
Organized Crime
59(1)
Gun Crime
60(1)
Drug Crime
60(1)
CJ Exhibit 2--3 Gun Control
61(2)
CJ Careers Drug Enforcement Administration
63(1)
High-Technology and Computer Crime
64(1)
Terrorism
65(2)
CJ Exhibit 2--4 What is Terrorist Activity?
67(1)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
68(1)
Summary
68(1)
Discussion Questions
69(1)
Web Quest
69(1)
Criminal Law
70(37)
Introduction
72(1)
The Nature and Purpose of Law
72(1)
The Rule of Law
73(1)
Types of Law
74(3)
Criminal Law
74(1)
Civil Law
75(1)
Administrative Law
76(1)
Case Law
76(1)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
77(1)
Procedural Law
77(1)
General Categories of Crime
77(3)
Felonies
77(1)
Misdemeanors
78(1)
Offenses
78(1)
Treason and Espionage
78(1)
Inchoate Offenses
79(1)
General Features of Crime
80(4)
The Criminal Act (Actus Reus)
80(1)
A Guilty Mind (Mens Rea)
81(1)
Concurrence
82(1)
Other Features of Crime
82(2)
Elements of a Specific Criminal Offense
84(4)
The Example of Murder
84(2)
The Corpus Delicti of a Crime
86(1)
Multiculturalism and Diversity Islamic Law
87(1)
Types of Defenses to a Criminal Charge
88(16)
Alibi
88(1)
Justifications
88(1)
Self-Defense
89(1)
Defense of Others
89(2)
Excuses
91(5)
CJ Careers U.S. Secret Service---Uniformed Division
96(3)
CJ News Texas Woman Who Killed Kids Acquitted
99(2)
Procedural Defenses
101(3)
Summary
104(1)
Discussion Questions
105(1)
Web Quest
105(2)
PART 2 POLICING
107(120)
Policing: Purpose and Organization
108(30)
Introduction
110(1)
The Police Mission
110(4)
Enforcing the Law
110(1)
Apprehending Offenders
111(1)
Preventing Crime
111(2)
Preserving the Peace
113(1)
Providing Services
114(1)
American Policing: From the Federal to the Local Level
114(8)
Federal Agencies
114(4)
CJ Careers Federal Bureau of Investigation
118(1)
State-Level Agencies
119(1)
Local Agencies
120(1)
CJ News Sheriff's Hunt for Serial Killer Was a Mission, Not Just a Job
121(1)
Police Administration
122(10)
Policing Styles
123(1)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
124(1)
Police-Community Relations
124(6)
Scientific Police Management
130(2)
Discretion and the Individual Officer
132(4)
Summary
136(1)
Discussion Questions
136(1)
Web Quest
137(1)
Policing: Legal Aspects
138(46)
Introduction
140(1)
The Abuse of Police Power
140(3)
A Changing Legal Climate
142(1)
Individual Rights
143(1)
Due Process Requirements
143(1)
Search and Seizure
144(10)
The Exclusionary Rule
144(2)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
146(1)
The Warren Court (1953--1969)
146(3)
The Burger (1969--1986) and Rehnquist (1986--Present) Courts
149(5)
CJ Exhibit 5--1 Plain-View Requirements
154(1)
Arrest
154(13)
CJ News Court Permits Speedy Drug Raid
155(2)
Searches Incident to Arrest
157(2)
Emergency Searches of Persons
159(1)
CJ Careers Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement
160(1)
Vehicle Searches
161(3)
Suspicionless Searches
164(2)
High-Technology Searches
166(1)
The Intelligence Function
167(15)
Informants
167(1)
Police Interrogation
168(2)
The Right to a Lawyer at Interrogation
170(1)
Suspect Rights: The Miranda Decision
171(1)
CJ Exhibit 5--2 The Miranda Warnings
172(3)
CJ Exhibit 5--3 Miranda Update
175(1)
Gathering Special Kinds of Nontestimonial Evidence
176(1)
Electronic Eavesdropping
177(3)
CJ Exhibit 5--4 The USA Patriot Act of 2001
180(2)
Summary
182(1)
Discussion Questions
183(1)
Web Quest
183(1)
Policing: Issues and Challenges
184(43)
Introduction
186(1)
Police Personality and Culture
186(2)
Multiculturalism and Diversity Policing a Multicultural Society
187(1)
Corruption and Integrity
188(6)
Money---The Root of Police Evil?
192(1)
Building Police Integrity
192(1)
Drug Testing of Police Employees
193(1)
The Dangers of Police Work
194(5)
Violence in the Line of Duty
195(1)
Risk of Disease and Infected Evidence
195(2)
Stress and Fatigue among Police Officers
197(2)
Terrorism's Impact on American Policing
199(2)
Police Civil Liability
201(3)
Common Sources of Civil Suits
201(1)
Federal Lawsuits
202(2)
Racial Profiling and Biased Policing
204(2)
Racially Biased Policing
206(1)
Police Use of Force
206(7)
Deadly Force
208(1)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
209(1)
Less-Lethal Weapons
210(1)
CJ Careers Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
211(1)
CJ News As Shocks Replace Bullets, Deaths Fall
212(1)
Professionalism and Ethics
213(4)
CJ Exhibit 6--1 The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
214(1)
Education and Training
214(2)
Multiculturalism and Diversity Investigating Crime in a Multicultural Setting
216(1)
Recruitment and Selection
216(1)
Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing
217(4)
Women as Effective Police Officers
220(1)
Increasing the Number of Minorities and Women in Police Work
221(1)
Private Protective Services
221(3)
Integrating Public and Private Security
223(1)
Summary
224(1)
Discussion Questions
224(1)
Web Quest
225(2)
PART 3 ADJUDICATION
227(110)
The Courts
228(26)
Introduction
230(1)
History and Structure of the American Court System
230(2)
The State Court System
232(6)
The Development of State Courts
232(1)
State Court Systems Today
233(5)
The Federal Court System
238(5)
U.S. District Courts
238(1)
U.S. Courts of Appeals
239(1)
The U.S. Supreme Court
240(2)
Multiculturalism and Diversity The International Criminal Court
242(1)
Pretrial Activities
243(9)
The First Appearance
244(2)
CJ Exhibit 7--1 Nonjudicial Pretrial Release Decisions
246(3)
The Grand Jury
249(1)
The Preliminary Hearing
250(1)
Arraignment and the Plea
251(1)
Summary
252(1)
Discussion Questions
253(1)
Web Quest
253(1)
The Courtroom Work Group and the Criminal Trial
254(42)
Introduction
256(1)
The Courtroom Work Group: Professional Courtroom Actors
256(18)
The Judge
258(1)
The Prosecuting Attorney
259(3)
The Defense Counsel
262(3)
CJ News How Good a Defense Should a Suspect Gel?
265(3)
CJ Exhibit 8--1 Gideon v. Wainwright and Indigent Defense
268(2)
CJ Exhibit 8--2 American Bar Association Code of Professional Responsibility
270(1)
The Bailiff
271(1)
CJ Careers U.S. Marshals Service
271(1)
Local Court Administrators
271(1)
The Court Reporter
272(1)
The Clerks of Court
272(1)
The Expert Witness
272(2)
Outsiders: Nonprofessional Courtroom Participants
274(4)
Lay Witnesses
274(1)
Jurors
275(1)
The Victim
276(1)
The Defendant
276(1)
The Press
277(1)
The Criminal Trial
278(2)
Nature and Purpose of the Criminal Trial
279(1)
Stages in a Criminal Trial
280(13)
Trial Initiation: The Speedy Trial Act
280(1)
Jury Selection
281(3)
CJ Exhibit 8--3 Peremptory Challenges and Race
284(1)
Opening Statements
285(1)
CJ Exhibit 8--4 Pretrial and Posttrial Motions
286(1)
The Presentation of Evidence
287(3)
Closing Arguments
290(1)
The Judge's Charge to the Jury
290(1)
Jury Deliberations and the Verdict
290(2)
Multiculturalism and Diversity the Bilingual Courtroom
292(1)
Improving the Adjudication Process
293(1)
Summary
294(1)
Discussion Questions
294(1)
Web Quest
295(1)
Sentencing
296(41)
Introduction
298(1)
The Philosophy and Goals of Criminal Sentencing
298(4)
Retribution
299(1)
Incapacitation
299(1)
Deterrence
300(1)
Rehabilitation
300(1)
Restoration
301(1)
Indeterminate Sentencing
302(2)
Critiques of Indeterminate Sentencing
303(1)
Structured Sentencing
304(6)
Critiques of Structured Sentencing
305(1)
CJ Exhibit 9--1 Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances
306(1)
Mandatory Sentencing
307(1)
CJ Exhibit 9--2 Three Strikes and You're Out: A Brief History of the ``Get Tough on Crime'' Movement
308(2)
Truth in Sentencing
310(1)
Federal Sentencing Guidelines
310(3)
Federal Guideline Provisions
310(1)
Plea Bargaining under the Guidelines
311(1)
CJ News: Sentencing Decision's Research Is Far and Wide: The Impact of Blakely v. Washington
312(1)
Innovations in Sentencing
313(2)
Questions about Alternative Sanctions
315(1)
The Presentence Investigation
315(1)
The Victim---Forgotten No Longer
316(3)
CJ Exhibit 9--3 President Bush Calls for Victims' Rights Amendment
318(1)
Victim-Impact Statements
319(1)
Modern Sentencing Options
319(3)
Fines
321(1)
Death: The Ultimate Sanction
322(12)
Habeas Corpus Review
324(11)
Opposition to Capital Punishment
335
Justifications for Capital Punishment
328(1)
CJ News Massachusetts Governor Names Panel to Draft New Death Penalty Bill
329(1)
The Courts and the Death Penalty
329(4)
The Future of the Death Penalty
333(1)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
334(1)
Summary
334(1)
Discussion Questions
335(1)
Web Quest
335(2)
PART 4 CORRECTIONS
337
Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections
338(22)
Introduction
340(1)
What Is Probation?
340(2)
The Extent of Probation
340(2)
Probation Conditions
342(1)
What is Parole?
342(2)
The Extent of Parole
342(1)
Parole Conditions
343(1)
Federal Parole
343(1)
Probation and Parole: The Pluses and Minuses
344(2)
Advantages of Probation and Parole
344(1)
Disadvantages of Probation and Parole
344(1)
CJ News Florida Eyes Tougher Probation Laws
344(2)
The Legal Environment
346(2)
The Federal Probation System
348(1)
The Job of Probation and Parole Officers
348(3)
CJ Careers U.S. Probation Officer
349(1)
The Challenges of the Job
350(1)
Intermediate Sanctions
351(5)
Split Sentencing
352(1)
Shock Probation and Shock Parole
352(1)
Shock Incarceration
352(2)
Mixed Sentencing and Community Service
354(1)
Intensive Supervision
354(1)
Home Confinement and Remote Location Monitoring
354(2)
The Future of Probation and Parole
356(2)
Summary
358(1)
Discussion Questions
358(1)
Web Quest
358(2)
Prisons and Jails
360(22)
Introduction
362(1)
Prisons
362(9)
The Philosophy of Imprisonment
364(2)
Overcrowding
366(2)
Security Levels
368(1)
The Federal Prison System
369(2)
Recent Improvements
371(1)
Jails
371(7)
CJ Careers Federal Bureau of Prisons
372(1)
Women and Jail
373(1)
The Growth of Jails
374(2)
Direct-Supervision Jails
376(1)
Jails and the Future
377(1)
CJ Exhibit 11--1 American Jail Association Code of Ethics for Jail Officers
378(1)
Private Prisons
378(3)
CJ Exhibit 11--2 Arguments for and Against the Privatization of Prisons
380(1)
Summary
381(1)
Discussion Questions
381(1)
Web Quest
381(1)
Prison Life
382
Introduction
384(1)
Research on Prison Life: Total Institutions
384(1)
The Male Inmate's World
384(7)
CJ Exhibit 12--1 Prison Argot: The Language of Confinement
386(1)
The Evolution of Prison Subcultures
386(1)
The Functions of Prison Subcultures
387(1)
Prison Lifestyles and Inmate Types
387(3)
Homosexually in Prison
390(1)
The Female Inmate's World
391(6)
CJ News Child Sleepovers at Prison Reviewed
394(1)
Social Structure in Women's Prisons
395(1)
Types of Female Inmates
396(1)
Violence in Women's Prisons
396(1)
The Staff World
397(3)
Freedom or Safety? You Decide
398(1)
CJ Exhibit 12--2 American Correctional Association Code of Ethics
399(1)
The Professionalization of Correctional Officers
399(1)
Prison Riots
400(2)
Causes of Riots
400(2)
Stages in Riots and Riot Control
402(1)
Prisoners' Rights
402(13)
The Legal Basis of Prisoners' Rights
403(1)
Precedents in Prisoners's Rights
404(5)
CJ Exhibit 12--3 Federal Oversight of the Texas Prison System: A Timeline
409(2)
A Return to the Hands-Off Doctrine?
411(3)
CJ Careers U.S. Customs and Border Protection
414(1)
Issues Facing Prisons Today
415(4)
Aids
415(1)
Geriatric Offenders
416(1)
Mentally Ill Inmates
417(1)
Terrorism
418(1)
Summary
419(1)
Discussion Questions
419(1)
Web Quest
420
Appendix A Bill of Rights1(2)
Appendix B List of Acronyms3
Notes1(1)
Index1

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