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Introduction to Law

ISBN: 9780131183810 | 0131183818
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2006

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SummaryTable of Contents
Hames and Ekern's "Introduction to Law," 2e will teach students the basic legal concepts related to substantive and procedural law, introduces them to cases, statutes, and the constitution, and develops their legal vocabulary and analytical skills. A new chapter on constitutional law, expanded coverage of employment and environmental law, and information on technology makes this an excellent resource for any Introduction to Law course for all disciplines of study including pre-law, legal studies, and business programs. Using this text, your stu... MORE
Prefacexvii
Acknowledgmentsxxi
About the Authorsxxiii
PART ONE: THE LEGAL SYSTEM
The Legal Community and Profession... MORE
1(26)
Chapter Outline
1(1)
Technology Corner
1(1)
Chapter Objectives
2(1)
Case File: People v. Terry Jacobs
2(1)
Introduction
2(1)
The Legal Profession
3(1)
Lawyers
3(1)
The Practice of Law
3(1)
The Paralegal Profession
4(7)
Paralegals in the Legal Environment
4(2)
Independent Paralegals
6(1)
Regulation of Paralegals
6(3)
Paralegal Education
9(1)
Paralegals as Professionals
9(2)
Legal Support Staff
11(2)
Legal Secretaries
11(1)
Law Clerks
12(1)
Other Support Staff
12(1)
Court Personnel
13(1)
Judges
13(1)
Court Clerks
13(1)
Court Reporters
13(1)
Bailiffs
14(1)
Agency Personnel
14(1)
Professional Organizations
15(1)
American Bar Association (ABA)
15(1)
State Bar Associations
15(1)
Local Bar Associations
15(1)
American Trial Lawyers Association (ATLA)
15(1)
National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA)
16(1)
National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA)
16(1)
American Association for Paralegal Education (AAfPE)
16(1)
Local Paralegal Associations
16(1)
Ethical Responsibilities
16(11)
Confidentiality
17(1)
Competency
18(1)
Conflict of Interest
18(3)
Attorney Fees and Trust Accounts
21(1)
Diligence
21(1)
Communication with Opposing Parties
22(1)
Unauthorized Practice of Law
22(2)
Featured Web Site
24(1)
Around the World
24(1)
Chapter Summary
25(1)
Terms to Remember
25(1)
Questions for Review
25(1)
Questions for Analysis
25(1)
Assignments and Projects
26(1)
Skills Assessment
26(1)
The American Legal System
27(26)
Chapter Outline
27(1)
Technology Corner
27(1)
Chapter Objectives
28(1)
Case File: The Eberhardt Matters
28(1)
Introduction
28(1)
Federalism---The Relationship Between Federal and State Government
29(8)
Powers of the Federal Government
29(3)
Powers of the State Government
32(1)
Exclusive and Concurrent Powers of Federal and State Governments
32(1)
Conflicts Between Federal and State Law---The Supremacy Clause
33(1)
The Supremacy Clause and the Bill of Rights
34(3)
The Federal Government and the Legal System
37(1)
Executive Branch
37(1)
Legislative Branch
37(1)
Judicial Branch
38(1)
State Governments and the Legal System
38(3)
The Courts and Their Roles
41(12)
The Federal Court System
41(1)
Federal District Courts
41(3)
Federal Appellate Courts
44(2)
The U.S. Supreme Court
46(2)
The Courts and Technology
48(1)
Federal Judges
49(1)
State Court Systems
49(1)
State Court Judges
50(1)
Featured Web Site
50(1)
Around the World
51(1)
Chapter Summary
51(1)
Terms to Remember
51(1)
Questions for Review
51(1)
Questions for Analysis
52(1)
Assignments and Projects
52(1)
Skills Assessment
52(1)
Laws: Their Sources
53(20)
Chapter Outline
53(1)
Technology Corner
53(1)
Chapter Objectives
54(1)
Case File: People v. Rambeaux
54(1)
Introduction
54(1)
Constitutional Law
55(2)
The Federal Constitution
55(1)
State Constitutions
56(1)
Case Law
57(10)
Common Law
57(1)
Case Law---Interpretation of Constitutional and Statutory Law
57(3)
Case Law---The Power to Invalidate Statutory Law
60(4)
Case Law---The Factual Controversy
64(2)
Stare Decisis
66(1)
Statutory Law
67(2)
The Legislative Process---The Federal Government
67(1)
The Legislative Process---States
68(1)
Administrative Regulations
69(4)
Featured Web Site
70(1)
Around the World
71(1)
Chapter Summary
71(1)
Terms to Remember
71(1)
Questions for Review
71(1)
Questions for Analysis
71(1)
Assignments and Projects
72(1)
Skills Assessment
72(1)
Finding the Law: Legal Research
73(21)
Chapter Outline
73(1)
Technology Corner
73(1)
Chapter Objectives
74(1)
Case File: The Welch Family Law Matter
74(1)
Introduction
75(1)
Before You Begin
75(3)
Know the Facts
76(1)
Analyze the Facts
76(1)
Identify the Issues
76(1)
Use the Relevant Facts to Define the Issues
77(1)
Sort the Facts
77(1)
Where to Begin the Research
78(4)
Dictionaries
78(1)
Encyclopedias
78(2)
Form Books
80(2)
Legal Periodicals
82(1)
Treatises
82(1)
Digests
82(1)
Case Law
82(9)
What Is a Case?
83(1)
Where to Find Case Law
83(1)
Federal Case Law
84(1)
State Case Law
85(1)
How to Read and Use Case Law
85(6)
Statutory Law
91(3)
Using Statutory Law
91(1)
Featured Web Site
92(1)
Around the World
92(1)
Chapter Summary
92(1)
Terms to Remember
92(1)
Questions for Review
92(1)
Questions for Analysis
93(1)
Assignments and Projects
93(1)
Skills Assessment
93(1)
Using the Law: Analysis and Legal Writing
94(24)
Chapter Outline
94(1)
Technology Corner
94(1)
Chapter Objectives
95(1)
Case File: The Holmes Middle School Law Matter
95(1)
Introduction
95(1)
Approaching a Legal Research Analysis and Writing Project
96(7)
Overview
96(1)
Preparing a First Draft
96(2)
Beginning the Writing Process
98(4)
Keeping Legal Writing Simple
102(1)
The Case Brief
103(6)
The Components of a Case Brief
103(5)
How to Write a Case Brief
108(1)
The Legal Memorandum
109(5)
Writing a Legal Memorandum
109(1)
Citing Authorities
110(4)
Persuasive Writing
114(4)
Featured Web Site
116(1)
Around the World
116(1)
Chapter Summary
117(1)
Terms to Remember
117(1)
Questions for Review
117(1)
Questions for Analysis
117(1)
Assignments and Projects
117(1)
Skills Assessment
117(1)
PART TWO: LEGAL PRACTICE AND PRINCIPLES
Laws: Civil vs. Criminal
118(24)
Chapter Outline
118(1)
Technology Corner
118(1)
Chapter Objectives
119(1)
Case File: United States v. Rambeaux and Martinez v. Rambeaux
119(1)
Introduction
119(1)
Where Criminal and Civil Laws Are Found
120(10)
Substantive Laws---Criminal
121(1)
Substantive Laws---Civil
122(4)
Procedural Rules---Criminal
126(4)
Procedural Rules---Civil
130(1)
How Criminal and Civil Cases Are Handled
130(9)
The Parties
130(1)
The Court
131(1)
The Right to a Jury
131(1)
The Right to an Attorney
132(1)
Burden of Proof
133(1)
The Verdict
133(1)
The Punishment
133(1)
The Right to Appeal
134(5)
Quasi-Criminal Cases
139(3)
Featured Web Site
139(1)
Around the World
139(1)
Chapter Summary
139(1)
Terms to Remember
140(1)
Questions for Review
140(1)
Questions for Analysis
140(1)
Assignments and Projects
140(1)
Skills Assessment
141(1)
Personal Injury Practice: Tort Law, Workers' Compensation and Environmental Law
142(34)
Chapter Outline
142(1)
Technology Corner
142(1)
Chapter Objectives
143(1)
Case File: The Greenly Personal Injury Case
143(1)
Introduction
143(1)
Tort Law in General
143(1)
Intentional Torts
144(8)
Personal Torts
144(6)
Business Torts
150(1)
Property Torts
150(1)
Fraud
151(1)
Defenses to Intentional Torts
152(1)
Negligence
152(9)
Negligence in General
152(1)
Duty of Due Care
153(1)
Breach of the Duty of Due Care
153(1)
Actual Care
154(1)
Proximate Cause
154(1)
Damages
154(3)
Types of Negligence Actions
157(1)
Defenses to Negligence
158(3)
Strict Liability
161(2)
Dangerous Animals
162(1)
Abnormally Dangerous Activities
162(1)
Defective Products
162(1)
Defenses to Strict Liability
163(1)
Damages
163(5)
Liability for Torts of Another
168(1)
Personal Injury Practice
169(1)
The Future of Tort Law and Personal Injury Practice
169(1)
Workers' Compensation
169(1)
Environmental Law
170(6)
Featured Web Site
171(1)
Around the World
172(1)
Chapter Summary
172(1)
Terms to Remember
172(1)
Questions for Review
173(1)
Questions for Analysis
173(1)
Assignments and Projects
174(1)
Skills Assessment
175(1)
Family Law
176(31)
Chapter Outline
176(1)
Technology Corner
176(1)
Chapter Objectives
177(1)
Case File: The Holmes Family Law Matter
177(1)
Introduction
177(1)
Prenuptial Agreements
178(2)
Terminating a Marriage
180(2)
Nullity
181(1)
Divorce/Dissolution
181(1)
Legal Separation
181(1)
Child Custody
182(2)
Support
184(5)
Child Support
184(3)
Spousal Support
187(2)
Property Concerns
189(1)
Value and Division of Property
189(1)
Family Law Court Proceedings
190(8)
The Pleadings
190(3)
Motions and Orders
193(1)
Discovery
193(5)
Settlement and Trial
198(1)
Family Law Matters and Unmarried Parties
198(9)
The Changing Face of Family Law
200(4)
Around the World
204(1)
Featured Web Site
204(1)
Chapter Summary
205(1)
Terms to Remember
205(1)
Questions for Review
205(1)
Questions for Analysis
205(1)
Assignments and Projects
205(1)
Skills Assessment
206(1)
Wills, Trusts, and Probate
207(33)
Chapter Outline
207(1)
Technology Corner
207(1)
Chapter Objectives
208(1)
Case File: Holmes v. Holmes
208(1)
Introduction
208(1)
Wills
208(1)
Preparation of a Will
209(16)
The Opening Clauses
209(1)
The Body of the Will
209(7)
The Fiduciary Clause
216(1)
The Closing Clauses
216(1)
Changing the Will
216(8)
Where There Is No Will
224(1)
Trusts
225(1)
What Is a Trust?
225(1)
How to Create a Trust
225(1)
Express Trusts
226(1)
Living Trusts
226(1)
Testamentary Trusts
226(1)
Implied Trusts
226(1)
Probate
226(1)
Case Law Examples
227(13)
Featured Web Site
238(1)
Around the World
238(1)
Chapter Summary
238(1)
Terms to Remember
238(1)
Questions for Review
238(1)
Questions for Analysis
239(1)
Assignments and Projects
239(1)
Skills Assessment
239(1)
Business Practice: Contract, Property, and Employment Law
240(42)
Chapter Outline
240(1)
Technology Corner
240(1)
Chapter Objectives
241(1)
Case File: The Kersch Matter
241(1)
Introduction
241(1)
Contract Law
241(9)
Formation of Contracts
242(3)
Performance of Contracts
245(4)
Assignment of Contract Rights
249(1)
Real Property Law
250(6)
Ownership Interests in Real Property
251(1)
Non-Ownership Interests in Real Property
252(1)
Landlord/Tenant Law
253(3)
Intellectual Property Law
256(20)
Copyright Law
256(9)
Patent Law
265(1)
Trademark Law
266(8)
Trade Secret Law
274(2)
Employment Law
276(6)
Creating the Employer-Employee Relationship
276(1)
Rights and Obligations of Employers and Employees
276(1)
Terminating the Employment Relationship
277(1)
Employment Law and the Government
277(2)
Featured Web Site
279(1)
Around the World
280(1)
Chapter Summary
280(1)
Terms to Remember
280(1)
Questions for Review
281(1)
Questions for Analysis
281(1)
Assignments and Projects
281(1)
Skills Assessment
281(1)
Business Practice: The Law of Business Organizations and Bankruptcy
282(26)
Chapter Outline
282(1)
Technology Corner
282(1)
Chapter Objectives
283(1)
Case File: The Hoppat's Business Matter
283(1)
Introduction
283(1)
Business Organizations
283(1)
Sole Proprietorships
284(1)
General Partnerships
284(1)
Limited Partnerships
285(3)
Corporations
288(6)
Business Corporations
288(1)
Professional Corporations
289(1)
Close Corporations vs. Public Corporations
289(1)
Nonprofit Corporations
289(3)
Piercing the Corporate Veil
292(1)
Security Regulations
293(1)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
294(1)
Corporate Practice
294(1)
Limited Liability Partnerships
294(1)
Limited Liability Companies
295(2)
Bankruptcy Law
297(11)
Featured Web Site
305(1)
Around the World
305(1)
Chapter Summary
305(1)
Terms to Remember
306(1)
Questions for Review
306(1)
Questions for Analysis
306(1)
Assignments and Projects
307(1)
Skills Assessment
307(1)
Civil Procedure Before Trial
308(35)
Chapter Outline
308(1)
Technology Corner
308(1)
Chapter Objectives
309(1)
Case File: Martinez v. Rambeaux and the City of Centerville
309(1)
Introduction to Civil Litigation
309(1)
Cause of Action
310(1)
Jurisdiction
311(6)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
311(5)
Personal Jurisdiction
316(1)
In Rem Jurisdiction and Quasi in Rem Jurisdiction
316(1)
Venue
317(1)
Pleadings
318(13)
The Complaint
318(1)
The Summons
319(8)
The Answer
327(3)
Motions and Demurrers
330(1)
Pretrial Motions
331(5)
Discovery
336(4)
Interrogatories
336(1)
Requests for Admissions
337(1)
Requests to Produce or Inspect
337(1)
Depositions
338(1)
Requests for Medical Examination
338(1)
Disclosure
338(2)
Electronic Discovery
340(1)
Pretrial Conferences and Settlement
340(3)
Featured Web Site
341(1)
Around the World
341(1)
Chapter Summary
341(1)
Terms to Remember
341(1)
Questions for Review
342(1)
Questions for Analysis
342(1)
Assignments and Projects
342(1)
Skills Assessment
342(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution
343(21)
Chapter Outline
343(1)
Technology Corner
343(1)
Chapter Objectives
344(1)
Case File: The Graham Automobile Accident
344(1)
Introduction
344(2)
Binding ADR vs. Nonbinding ADR
346(1)
Negotiation
346(1)
Arbitration
347(7)
Mediation
354(1)
Mini-Trials, Summary Trials, and Early Neutral Evaluation
355(1)
Court-Related ADR
355(3)
Private Judges
358(1)
Special Masters and Discovery Referees
358(1)
ADR and Criminal Law
358(1)
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Other Neutrals
359(5)
Featured Web Site
361(1)
Around the World
361(1)
Chapter Summary
362(1)
Terms to Remember
362(1)
Questions for Review
362(1)
Questions for Analysis
362(1)
Assignments and Projects
362(1)
Skills Assessment
363(1)
Criminal Practice: Criminal Law and Juvenile Law
364(24)
Chapter Outline
364(1)
Technology Corner
364(1)
Chapter Objectives
365(1)
Case File: The Simmons Criminal Matter
365(1)
Section I Criminal Law
365(1)
Introduction to Criminal Practice
365(1)
Purposes of Criminal Law
366(1)
Deterrence
366(1)
Rehabilitation
366(1)
Incapacitation
366(1)
Retribution
366(1)
Elements of a Crime: Mens Rea and Actus Reus
367(5)
Mens Rea
367(1)
A Purposeful Act
367(1)
A Knowing Act
367(1)
A Reckless Act
367(1)
A Negligent Act
367(1)
Actus Reus
368(4)
Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea
372(1)
Crimes
372(8)
Homicide
373(3)
Battery
376(1)
Assault
376(1)
Kidnapping and False Imprisonment
377(2)
Burglary
379(1)
Defenses to Criminal Charges
380(1)
Section II Juvenile Law
380(1)
Introduction to Juvenile Law
380(1)
The Juvenile Court
381(1)
Prosecution of Juvenile Offenders
381(7)
Featured Web Site
385(1)
Around the World
385(1)
Chapter Summary
386(1)
Terms to Remember
386(1)
Questions for Review
386(1)
Questions for Analysis
386(1)
Assignments and Projects
386(1)
Skills Assessment
387(1)
Criminal Procedure Before Trial
388(38)
Chapter Outline
388(1)
Technology Corner
388(1)
Chapter Objectives
389(1)
Case File: The Darwood Criminal Matter
389(1)
Introduction to Criminal Procedure
389(1)
The Constitution and the Criminal Suspect
390(17)
Due Process
390(1)
Search and Seizure
390(4)
Probable Cause
394(1)
The Warrant Requirement
395(1)
Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement
395(7)
The Exclusionary Rule
402(1)
Arrest
402(5)
Interrogations and Confessions
407(2)
Right to Counsel
407(2)
Pretrial Activities
409(17)
Discovery and Investigation
409(1)
The Arrest
409(1)
The Complaint
409(1)
The Initial Appearance
410(1)
The Preliminary Hearing
410(8)
Formal Charges
418(2)
Formal Discovery
420(1)
Pretrial Motions
420(1)
Featured Web Site
421(1)
Around the World
421(3)
Chapter Summary
424(1)
Terms to Remember
425(1)
Questions for Review
425(1)
Questions for Analysis
425(1)
Assignments and Projects
425(1)
Skills Assessment
425(1)
Rules of Evidence
426(15)
Chapter Outline
426(1)
Technology Corner
426(1)
Chapter Objectives
427(1)
Case File: The Rutherford Matter
427(1)
Introduction
427(1)
What Is Evidence?
427(5)
Testimony of a Witness
427(2)
Exhibits
429(2)
Stipulated Facts
431(1)
Judicial Notice
432(1)
Types of Evidence
432(1)
Direct Evidence
432(1)
Circumstantial Evidence
432(1)
Relevancy
433(1)
Impeachment
434(1)
Hearsay
435(6)
Featured Web Site
438(1)
Around the World
439(1)
Chapter Summary
439(1)
Terms to Remember
439(1)
Questions for Review
439(1)
Questions for Analysis
439(1)
Assignments and Projects
440(1)
Skills Assessment
440(1)
The Trial
441(24)
Chapter Outline
441(1)
Technology Corner
441(1)
Chapter Objectives
442(1)
Case File: The Ace Auto Repair Matter
442(1)
Introduction
442(1)
Roles of Trial Participants
442(1)
Pretrial Motions
443(2)
Jury Selection
445(4)
Jury Questionnaire
445(3)
Voir Dire
448(1)
Opening Statements
449(2)
Plaintiff's Case in Chief
451(2)
Burden of Proof
451(1)
Examination of Witnesses
452(1)
Defendant's Case
453(1)
Examination of Witnesses
453(1)
Plaintiff's Rebuttal Case
453(1)
Closing Arguments
453(3)
Judge's Instructions to the Jury
456(6)
Jury Deliberations and the Verdict
462(3)
Featured Web Site
462(1)
Around the World
462(1)
Chapter Summary
462(1)
Terms to Remember
463(1)
Questions for Review
463(1)
Questions for Analysis
463(1)
Assignments and Projects
463(1)
Skills Assessment
464(1)
Constitutional Law
465(34)
Chapter Outline
465(1)
Technology Corner
465(1)
Chapter Objectives
466(1)
Case File: Students of Thornton Country School District
466(1)
Introduction
466(1)
Constitutional Principles of U.S. Government
467(2)
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances
467(1)
The Power of Judicial Review
467(2)
The Bill of Rights
469(12)
Incorporation Doctrine
469(1)
First Amendment
469(2)
The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion
471(3)
First Amendment and Freedom of Speech
474(1)
Injurious Speech
474(6)
Rights of Criminal Defendants
480(1)
Miscellaneous Rights
481(1)
Civil Rights and Discrimination
481(6)
Equal Protection Clause of Amendment 14
482(3)
Civil Rights and the Interstate Commerce Clause
485(2)
Voting Rights
487(1)
Apportionment: One Man--One Vote
487(1)
Voting Methods
487(1)
Privacy and the Due Process Clause
488(11)
Privacy and Sex
488(5)
Privacy and the Right to Choose
493(2)
Privacy and Medical Treatment
495(1)
Featured Web Site
496(1)
Around the World
496(1)
Chapter Summary
496(1)
Terms to Remember
497(1)
Questions for Review
497(1)
Questions for Analysis
497(1)
Assignments and Projects
498(1)
Skills Assessment
498(1)
Technology and Law Practice: A Paralegal Perspective
499(26)
Chapter Outline
499(1)
Technology Corner
499(1)
Chapter Objectives
500(1)
Case File: Global News Inc. v. DeHart
500(1)
Introduction
500(1)
The Modern Law Office
501(2)
Computer Hardware
501(1)
Computer Software
502(1)
Litigation Support Services
503(1)
The Internet
503(3)
Communication---E-Mail
503(1)
Advertising
504(1)
Information Resources
504(1)
Discussion Forums
504(1)
Legal Research
504(1)
The Internet and the Courts
504(1)
Document Depository
505(1)
Intranets and Extranets
505(1)
General Office Procedures
506(2)
Accepting a New Case
506(1)
Maintaining Client Files
506(1)
Calendaring
507(1)
Billing
508(1)
Communication Techniques
508(10)
Writing Business Letters
509(1)
Common Types of Legal Correspondence
510(5)
Handling the Telephone
515(1)
Writing Interoffice Memoranda
515(2)
Interviewing Clients and Witnesses
517(1)
Fact Investigation
518(7)
Featured Web Site
522(1)
Around the World
522(1)
Chapter Summary
523(1)
Terms to Remember
523(1)
Questions for Review
523(1)
Questions for Analysis
523(1)
Assignments and Projects
524(1)
Skills Assessment
524(1)
Appendix I The United States Constitution525(14)
Appendix II Paralegal Ethics539(19)
Appendix III Mock Trial558(5)
Appendix IV Basic Citation Reference Guide563(2)
Appendix V The Marvin v. Marvin Case565(14)
Appendix VI Federal Rules of Evidence §801--806579(5)
Appendix VII Recent United States Supreme Court Decisions584(28)
Appendix VIII Creating Research Strategies612(5)
Glossary617(12)
Index629

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