9780131181168

A core text/reference for Internships, Practicums, and Field Placements in Psychology, Social Work, Counseling, and related helping disciplines. Acknowledging, anticipating, and addressing the everyday questions, anxieties, fears, and concerns of interns, this practical handbook bridges the gap between academic coursework and the knowledge, skills, and emotional challenges that are found in the real world of the helping professions.

Preface

viii

Foreword

x

Bruce E. Bennett

Preparation

1

(17)

Theory into Practice

1

(1)

Terminology

1

(1)

Meeting with Your Instructor

2

(1)

Finding and Selecting a Placement

3

(1)

Peers and Campus Resources for Locating Internships

3

(1)

Community Resources

4

(1)

Choosing a Placement

4

(4)

Portfolios, Interviews, and Letters

8

(1)

The Rights of Applicants

9

(1)

Internship Agreements

9

(2)

Evaluation

11

(1)

Making the Most of Your Internship

11

(2)

Using This Book

13

(1)

Introduction to Journal Work

14

(2)

References

16

(2)

Getting Started

18

(11)

First Impressions

18

(1)

Enthusiasm Meets Experience

19

(1)

The Role of the Intern

20

(1)

The Role of the Professional

20

(1)

Meeting Clients

21

(1)

Age and Experience Issues with Clients and Supervisors

21

(1)

Time Limits

22

(1)

Fees for Service

23

(1)

Is Treatment Effective?

23

(1)

Altruism versus Money

24

(1)

Clinical and Ethical Issues Pertaining to Fees

25

(1)

Inoculation: What Not to Learn

26

(1)

References

27

(2)

Ethical and Legal Issues

29

(29)

Ethical Guidelines of the Helping Professions

29

(1)

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

30

(2)

Competence

32

(1)

Informed Consent

33

(2)

Confidentiality

35

(3)

Exceptions to Confidentiality

38

(4)

Insurance Company Inquiries, Managed Care, and Ethical Practice

42

(2)

Confidentiality with Minors

44

(1)

Dual Relationships

44

(6)

Liability and Insurance

50

(2)

Technology and Ethics

52

(1)

Research Ethics

52

(1)

Summary

53

(1)

References

53

(5)

Internship Classes and Peer Groups

58

(8)

Forming Internship Peer Groups

58

(1)

Models of Peer Group Learning

58

(1)

Elements of Successful Classes and Groups

59

(2)

Video or Audio Recordings of Sessions

61

(1)

Role Plays

62

(1)

Ethics in Classes and Groups

63

(2)

References

65

(1)

Supervision

66

(21)

What is Supervision?

66

(1)

Hopes and Fears

66

(2)

Clarifying Expectations

68

(1)

Frequency and Timing of Supervision

68

(1)

Content of Supervision

69

(1)

Didactic Supervision

70

(1)

Case Notes and Discussions

70

(2)

Tapes and Role Plays

72

(1)

Live Supervision

72

(1)

Observing the Supervisor in Therapy

73

(1)

Remote Supervision---Internet, Telephone, and Other Technologies

73

(1)

Theoretical Orientation

74

(1)

Supervision and Therapy---Differences and Similarities

75

(4)

Transference and Countertransference

79

(1)

Suggested Guidelines for Therapy and Supervision

79

(1)

Conflict in Supervision

80

(2)

Evaluation

82

(2)

Planning for Future Supervision

84

(1)

References

84

(3)

Working with Diversity

87

(14)

Reasons for and Resistance to Diversity Training

87

(2)

Steps toward Working with Differences

89

(1)

Knowing the Diversity within Us

90

(1)

Confronting Our Biases and Acknowledging Our Ignorance

91

(1)

The Historical Context Must Be Acknowledged

92

(1)

The Current Context Must Be Acknowledged

93

(1)

Strengths Must Be Recognized along with Problems

93

(1)

Ethnic Identity Development

94

(1)

One's Own Prejudices and Biases Must Be Acknowledged

94

(1)

A Model of ``White'' Identity Development

95

(1)

Assumptions, Models, and Techniques of Treatment

96

(1)

The Culturally Sensitive Counselor

97

(1)

Culturally Sensitive Intervention Approaches

98

(1)

Additional Resources

98

(1)

Summary

99

(1)

References

99

(2)

Clinical Writing, Treatment Records, and Case Notes

101

(20)

Writing Skills

101

(1)

Writing Can Be Learned

101

(1)

Focusing Reading to Learn Writing

102

(1)

Practice and Feedback

102

(1)

Rewriting

103

(1)

Common Writing Problems

104

(1)

Keys to Good Writing

104

(4)

The Function and Maintenance of Records

108

(1)

What Goes into Records

109

(2)

What Stays Out of Records

111

(1)

Progress Notes and Psychotherapy Notes

112

(2)

Structured Notes Formats

114

(2)

SOAP Notes

116

(1)

Psychotherapy Notes

116

(1)

Process or Progress Notes

117

(1)

Signing Notes

117

(1)

Dictation

117

(1)

Progress Notes and Supervision

118

(1)

Using Your Notes

118

(1)

Other Guidelines

119

(1)

References

119

(2)

Stress and Self-Care

121

(25)

Client after Client, Day after Day

122

(1)

How Common Is Stress among Helping Professionals?

122

(1)

Sources of Stress

123

(1)

The Effects of Stress

124

(3)

Secondary Trauma

127

(1)

Burnout

128

(4)

Self-Care

132

(1)

Time Management

132

(2)

Closing Sessions

134

(1)

Cognitive Self-Care

134

(3)

Physical Self-Care

137

(2)

Emotional Self-Care

139

(1)

Organizational Measures and Peer Support

140

(1)

Multimodal Self-Care

141

(1)

Personal Therapy

141

(1)

Positive Effects on Therapists

142

(1)

Financial Self-Care

143

(1)

References

143

(3)

Assault and Other Risks

146

(11)

The Risks of Assault

147

(1)

Coping with Aggression

147

(1)

Strange Behavior and Strange People Are Not Necessarily Dangerous

148

(1)

Understand Developmental Differences

148

(1)

Understand and Recognize Motivational Factors

148

(1)

Situational Factors and Violence

149

(2)

Recognize Potentially Dangerous Individuals

151

(1)

Early Prevention of Violence

152

(1)

Institutional Responses to Threats of Violence

153

(1)

Prevention of Imminent Violence with Clients

153

(1)

Responding to Assault

154

(1)

Assault Response Training

155

(1)

Aftereffects

155

(1)

References

156

(1)

Closing Cases

157

(9)

Ethical Considerations and Termination

157

(1)

Understanding Client Reactions to Early Termination

157

(2)

Common Problems in Termination

159

(1)

Toward Successful Termination or Transfer

159

(2)

Issues to Address in Termination

161

(1)

Techniques for Termination

162

(1)

Transferring Clients to Other Therapists

163

(1)

References

164

(2)

Finishing the Internship

166

(7)

Concluding the Supervisory Relationship

166

(2)

Letters of Recommendation

168

(1)

Procedures for Those Seeking Letters of Recommendation

169

(1)

Concluding Relationships with Staff

169

(1)

Letters of Thanks

170

(1)

Looking Ahead

170

(1)

Professional, Community, and Political Involvement

171

(1)

References

171

(2)

Frustrations, Lessons, Discoveries, and Joy

173

(4)

Learning from Whatever Happens

173

(1)

Lessons We Wish Were Not True

173

(2)

Lessons about the Lessons

175

(1)

Discoveries and Joy

175

(1)

Closing Comments

176

(1)

Appendix A: Internship Selection Checklist

177

(4)

Appendix B: Placement Information Form

181

(2)

Appendix C: Internship Learning Agreement Record Form

183

(2)

Appendix D: Intern Evaluation: Supervisor Form

185

(5)

Appendix E: Intern Evaluation: Intern Form

190

(5)

Appendix F: Emergency Contact and Procedures Information

195

(2)

Appendix G: Ethical Guidelines

197

(2)

Appendix H: Treatment Agreement and Informed Consent

199

(3)

Appendix I: Supervisor Evaluation Form

202

(4)

Appendix J: Clinical Activities Record Sheet

206

(2)

Indexes

208

(1)

Author Index

208

(4)

Subject Index

212

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

Professionals and students in the helping professions consider internships, practicums, and field placements among the most influential experiences of their careers. At the same time, however, students also report that their normal coursework typically provides only indirect, and in many cases insufficient, preparation for their first "real world" exposure. This book is designed to bridge the gap between academic coursework and the knowledge, skills, and emotional challenges that are found beyond the classroom. In writing this book, I sought to draw upon the best information available from psychology, social work, counseling, psychiatry, and other helping professions. Toward that end, I conducted extensive literature reviews of the leading journals and texts in each field. I also consulted with numerous faculty and supervisors in each discipline and in various types of academic institutions and internship settings. Drawing upon personal experience in the role of intern, and having supervised hundreds of students and trainees in beginning and advanced placements, I have tried to write a book that will be valuable at many levels. Whether you are an undergraduate student working for the first time in a field placement or a graduate student completing your final internship, I hope this book will help your work and learning be more effective and more rewarding. OVERVIEW OF THE CONTENTS A glance at the table of contents reveals that the book is organized along both chronological and thematic lines. The chapters have been organized sequentially to anticipate the stages interns pass through and the understandings or skills that will be required in those stages. Initial chapters deal with such things as selecting placements and supervisors, meeting staff and clients, and key ethical and legal issues. Middle chapters deal with supervision, working with individuals of diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, clinical writing, and self-care. Discussions of termination, finishing the internship, and lessons learned conclude the book. Finally, appendixes provide examples of forms useful for establishing learning plans, supervision agreements, ethical guidelines, evaluations, and other procedures. Because internship training and clinical work involve a constant process of self-exploration and change, the textual material of each chapter is accompanied by self-exploration and experiential learning exercises. I encourage you to use these exercises and be open to the experiences. The more one works in this field the more acutely one realizes the importance of self-examination and understanding. Since the initial publication of this book, the response from students, instructors, and supervisors has been tremendously gratifying. Students are finding many of their questions answered here, and the practical suggestions help them deal more effectively with both the challenges and the opportunities of internships. Instructors have found that students who have read the chapters are better informed and have a greater awareness of issues and information they need to know. Supervisors have reported to me that the interns who are using this book are much better prepared and more knowledgeable than others. Indeed, a number of on-site supervisors have told me they will not supervise any interns unless the intern has read this book. This fourth edition builds on the base established already and incorporates the most recent research and clinical literature in the field. Of particular importance in this new edition is extensive discussion of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) as it relates to ethical and legal issues. In addition, the role of technology in clinical work continues to grow, and I have expanded the discussion of relevant ethical and clinical issues pertaining to computerized record keeping, electronic communications, and even remote supervision and delivery of clinical s

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Internship, Practicum, and Field Placement Handbook: A Guide for the Helping Professions

Internship, Practicum, and Field Placement Handbook: A Guide for the Helping Professions

0131181165

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Table of Contents

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