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Political Science : An Introduction

ISBN: 9780130991348 | 0130991341
Edition: 8th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2003

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SummaryTable of Contents
Exceptionally up-to-date and rich in cross-national examples?with an emphasis on the U.S. political system?this book offers an unbiased, thorough introduction to the basic terminology, concepts, and theories of political science. A five-part organization covers chapter topics under the headings of: the bases of politics, political attitudes, political interaction, the institutions of politics, and what political systems do. For anyone looking for an exciting view of the political science field.
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Prefacexxiii
Part I The Bases of Politics
A Science of Politics?
1(17)
The Master Science
2(3)
History
3(1)
Human Geography
3(1)
Economics
4(1)
Sociology
4(1)
Anthropology
4(1)
Psychology
4(1)
Political Power
5(7)
Biological
5(3)
Psychological
8(1)
Cultural
8(1)
Rational
9(1)
Irrational
10(1)
Power as a Composite
10(2)
Is Politics a Science?
12(4)
The Struggle to See Clearly
12(3)
What Good Is Political Science?
15(1)
Key Terms
16(1)
Key Websites
16(1)
Further Reference
17(1)
Theories: Classic and Modern
18(18)
Classic Theories
20(5)
The Contractualists
22(1)
Marxist Theories
23(2)
Institutional Theories
25(1)
Contemporary Theories
25(9)
Behavioralism
25(2)
Systems Theory
27(4)
Modernization Theory
31(1)
Rational-Choice Theory
32(1)
New Institutionalism
33(1)
Key Terms
34(1)
Key Websites
34(1)
Further Reference
35(1)
Nations, States, and Governments
36(18)
The Elements of Nationhood
37(3)
Territory
37(2)
Population
39(1)
Independence
39(1)
Government
40(1)
The Crises of Nation Building
40(4)
Identity
40(1)
Legitimacy
41(1)
Penetration
41(1)
Participation
41(1)
Distribution
42(2)
Government: What It Is and What It Does
44(6)
Classifying Governments
44(4)
The State as Agent of Modernization
48(2)
Making Public Policy
50(2)
Public Policies: Material and Symbolic
50(2)
Key Terms
52(1)
Key Websites
52(1)
Further Reference
53(1)
Individuals and Constitutions
54(17)
Constitutions in the Modern World
55(7)
The Highest Law of the Land
56(2)
The Purpose of a Constitution
58(4)
The Adaptability of the U.S. Constitution
62(2)
Can the Constitution Ensure Rights?
62(2)
Freedom of Expression in the United States
64(5)
Free Speech and Sedition
65(4)
Key Terms
69(1)
Key Websites
70(1)
Further Reference
70(1)
Democracy, Totalitarianism, and Authoritarianism
71(21)
Modern Democracy
73(5)
Representative Democracy
73(5)
Democracy in Practice: Elitism or Pluralism?
78(3)
Totalitarianism
81(5)
What Is Totalitarianism?
81(5)
Authoritarianism
86(2)
Authoritarianism and the Developing Nations
86(2)
The Democratization of Authoritarian Regimes
88(2)
Key Terms
90(1)
Key Websites
90(1)
Further Reference
91(1)
Part II Political Attitudes
Political Ideologies
92(22)
What Is Ideology?
92(3)
The Major Ideologies
95(12)
Classic Liberalism
95(1)
Classic Conservatism
96(1)
Modern Liberalism
97(1)
Modern Conservatism
98(1)
Marxist Socialism
99(1)
Social Democracy
100(1)
Communism
101(3)
Nationalism
104(2)
Fascism
106(1)
Ideology in Our Day
107(3)
The Collapse of Communism
107(1)
Neoconservatism
108(1)
Libertarianism
109(1)
Feminism
109(1)
Environmentalism
110(1)
Is Ideology Finished?
110(2)
Key Terms
112(1)
Key Websites
112(1)
Further Reference
112(2)
Political Culture
114(19)
What Is Political Culture?
114(6)
Political Culture and Public Opinion
116(1)
Participation in America
117(3)
The Decay of Political Culture
120(7)
Elite and Mass Cultures
122(1)
Political Subcultures
123(4)
Political Socialization
127(4)
The Agents of Socialization
128(3)
Key Terms
131(1)
Key Websites
131(1)
Further Reference
131(2)
Public Opinion
133(20)
The Shape of Public Opinion
135(5)
Social Class
136(1)
Education
136(1)
Region
137(1)
Religion
138(1)
Age
139(1)
Gender
139(1)
Ethnic Group
139(1)
Public-Opinion Polls
140(6)
Polling Techniques
142(2)
Now Reliable Are the Polls?
144(2)
American Opinion
146(3)
Presidential Ratings
146(1)
Liberals and Conservatives
147(1)
Who Pays Attention?
147(2)
Is Polling Fair?
149(2)
Should America Be Governed by Polls?
150(1)
Key Terms
151(1)
Key Websites
151(1)
Further Reference
151(2)
Part III Political Interactions
Political Communication and the Media
153(21)
Communication in Politics
153(5)
Modern Mass Media
155(3)
The Giant: Television
158(8)
Television News
159(2)
Television and Politics
161(3)
Television: Ownership and Control
164(2)
Are We Poorly Served?
166(3)
What Can Be Done?
168(1)
The Adversaries: Media and Government
169(3)
Key Terms
172(1)
Key Websites
172(1)
Further Reference
173(1)
Interest Groups
174(20)
What Is an Interest Group?
174(6)
Who Belongs to Interest Groups?
176(1)
Interest Groups and Government
176(2)
Bureaucrats as an Interest Group
178(2)
Effective Interest Groups
180(10)
Political Culture
180(1)
The Rise of Big Money
180(2)
The Rise of Single-Issue Groups
182(2)
Size and Membership
184(1)
Access
185(1)
Strategies of Interest Groups
186(4)
Interest Groups: An Evaluation
190(2)
Stalemating Political Power
191(1)
Key Terms
192(1)
Key Websites
192(1)
Further Reference
192(2)
Political Parties and Party Systems
194(18)
Functions of Parties
195(3)
A Bridge between People and Government
195(1)
Aggregation of Interests
195(1)
Integration into the Political System
195(1)
Political Socialization
196(1)
Mobilization of Voters
196(1)
Organization of Government
197(1)
Parties in Democracies
198(5)
Centralization
198(2)
Setting Government Policy
200(1)
Party Participation in Government
200(1)
Financing the Party
200(2)
Classifying Political Parties
202(1)
The Party in Communist States
203(1)
Party Systems
204(6)
Classifying Party Systems
205(4)
The Party System and the Electoral System
209(1)
Are Parties Fading?
209(1)
Key Terms
210(1)
Key Websites
211(1)
Further Reference
211(1)
Elections
212(25)
Electoral Systems
212(3)
Single-Member Districts
212(2)
Proportional Representation
214(1)
Why Do People Vote?
215(3)
Who Votes?
218(4)
Income and Education
219(1)
Race
219(1)
Age
220(1)
Gender
22l(221)
Area of Residence
221(1)
How Do People Vote?
222(1)
Party Identification
223(1)
Who Votes How?
223(5)
Class voting
224(2)
Regional voting
226(1)
Religious Blocs
226(1)
Age Groups
226(1)
Gender Gap
227(1)
Marriage Gap
227(1)
Racial Minorities
227(1)
Urban voting
227(1)
Electoral Realignment
228(2)
A Reagan Realignment?
228(2)
What Wins Elections?
230(5)
Retrospective voting
232(1)
Candidate Strategies and voter Groups
233(2)
Key Terms
235(1)
Key Websites
235(1)
Further Reference
236(1)
Part IV The Institutions of Politics
The Basic Institutions of Government
237(19)
The Form of State
239(2)
Unitary or Federal Systems
241(8)
Unitary Systems
241(4)
Federal Systems
245(4)
The United States: Balkanization of Government
249(4)
The Unitary-Federal Mixture
253(1)
Choosing Institutions
253(1)
Key Terms
254(1)
Key Websites
254(1)
Further Reference
255(1)
Legislatures
256(21)
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems
258(6)
Separation and Fusion of Powers
260(2)
Advantages of Parliamentary Systems
262(2)
What Legislatures Do
264(6)
The Committee System
265(2)
A Closer Look at Legislatures
267(3)
The Decline of Legislatures
270(5)
Structural Disadvantages
270(2)
Lack of Expertise
272(1)
Psychological Disadvantages
272(1)
The Absentee Problem
273(1)
Lack of Turnover
273(1)
The Dilemma of Parliaments
274(1)
Key Terms
275(1)
Key Websites
275(1)
Further Reference
276(1)
Executives
277(21)
Presidents and Prime Ministers
277(6)
``Forming a Government'' in Britain
278(2)
``Constructive No Confidence'' in Germany
280(1)
``Cohabitation'' in France
280(1)
The ``Presidentialization'' of Prime Ministers
280(1)
Executive Terms
281(2)
The Roles of the Executive
283(2)
Head of State
283(1)
Chief of Government
283(1)
Party Chief
284(1)
Commander in Chief
284(1)
Chief Diplomat
285(1)
Dispenser of Appointments
285(1)
Chief Legislator
285(1)
Executive Leadership
285(2)
Disabled Presidents
287(5)
Cabinets
292(3)
Who Serves in a Cabinet?
293(1)
The Rise of Noncabinet Advisers
294(1)
The Danger of Expecting Too Much
295(1)
Key Terms
296(1)
Key Websites
296(1)
Further Reference
297(1)
Administration and Bureaucracy
298(21)
The U.S. Federal Bureaucracy
299(1)
The Cabinet Departments
299(1)
Federal Agencies
300(1)
Independent Regulatory Agencies
300(1)
Bureaucracies in Other Nations
300(3)
Communist Countries
300(1)
France
301(1)
Germany
301(2)
Great Britain
303(1)
Characteristics of Bureaucracies
303(2)
Bureaucracy in Modern Governments
305(4)
Administration
305(3)
Services
308(1)
Regulation
308(1)
Licensing
309(1)
Information Gathering
309(1)
The Trouble with Bureaucracy
309(4)
Administrator or Policymaker?
310(1)
Adjudication
311(1)
Discretionary Implementation
311(1)
Rule Making
312(1)
Advisory Roles
313(1)
What to Do with Bureaucracy?
313(3)
Ombudsmen
313(1)
Legislative Checks
314(1)
Cutting
314(1)
Decentralization
315(1)
Politicize the Bureaucracy
315(1)
Bureaucracy and Society
316(1)
Key Terms
317(1)
Key Websites
317(1)
Further Reference
317(2)
Legal Systems and The Courts
319(19)
Types of Law
319(5)
Criminal Law
320(1)
Civil Law
320(1)
Constitutional Law
321(1)
Administrative Law
321(1)
International Law
321(3)
The Courts, the Bench, and the Bar
324(5)
The U.S. Court System
324(1)
Judges
325(1)
Comparing Courts
326(1)
The British Court System
327(1)
The European Court System
327(2)
The Role of the Courts
329(7)
The U.S. Supreme Court
330(1)
The Supreme Court's Political Role
331(1)
The Views of Judges
331(2)
The Political Impact of the Court
333(3)
Key Terms
336(1)
Key Websites
336(1)
Further Reference
336(2)
Part V What Political Systems Do
Political Economy
338(20)
Government and the Economy
339(10)
Inflation
341(1)
Tax Hike
341(1)
Balance of Payments
341(1)
Gold Standard
341(3)
Wage-Price Freeze
344(1)
Oil Shocks
344(1)
Stagflation
345(1)
Interest Rates
345(1)
Tax Cut
346(1)
Budget Deficits
346(1)
Trade Deficits
346(1)
Budget Balancing
347(2)
Who Is Entitled to What?
349(6)
The Casts of Welfare
351(4)
How Big Should Government Be?
355(1)
Key Terms
356(1)
Key Websites
356(1)
Further Reference
356(2)
Violence and Revolution
358(20)
System Breakdown
358(8)
Violence as a Symptom
359(4)
Types of Violence
363(1)
Change as a Cause of Violence
364(2)
Revolutions
366(5)
Intellectuals and Revolution
367(2)
The Stages of Revolution
369(2)
After the Revolution
371(5)
The Waning of Revolution
372(4)
Key Terms
376(1)
Key Websites
376(1)
Further Reference
376(2)
International Relations
378(18)
Power and National Interest
380(5)
The Role of Elites
385(1)
Keeping Peace
386(3)
World Government
386(1)
Collective Security
386(1)
Functionalism
387(1)
Third-Party Assistance
387(1)
Diplomacy
388(1)
Peacekeeping
388(1)
The Cold War
389(3)
The Truman Doctrine
389(1)
The Marshall Plan
389(1)
Containment
389(1)
Deterrence
390(2)
Beyond Sovereignty?
392(2)
The United Nations
393(1)
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
393(1)
Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe
393(1)
Key Terms
394(1)
Key Websites
394(1)
Further Reference
395(1)
The Global System
396(18)
Historical Systems
397(2)
The Nineteenth-Century Balance of Power System
397(1)
The Interwar System
398(1)
The Bipolar Cold War System
398(1)
What System Is Emerging?
399(10)
A Unipolar Model
399(1)
A Hub-and-Spokes Model
399(1)
A Multipolar Model
400(1)
A Stratified Model
401(1)
A Zones-of Chaos Model
401(1)
A Repolarized Model
401(2)
A Globalized Model
403(2)
A Resource-Wars Model
405(1)
A ``Clash-of Civilizations'' Model
405(1)
A Proliferation Model
406(3)
Foreign Policy: Involved or Isolated?
409(3)
Cycles of U.S. Foreign Policy
410(2)
Key Terms
412(1)
Key Websites
412(1)
Further Reference
412(2)
Index414

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