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Cities and Urban Life

ISBN: 9780130884169 | 0130884162
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2001

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SummaryTable of Contents
For Urban Sociology, Urban Political Economy, Urban Anthropology, and Urban Studies courses. Cities and Urban Life, authored by two of the best-known textbook writers in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to urban sociology, urban anthropology, and urban studies courses. Primarily sociological in approach, this book incorporates historical, social psychological, geographical, and anthropological insights. While strong in the classical urban sociology, it also gives extensive attention to the new political economy approach to urban studies. Also, the authors use global cities as case studies for more relevance to students.
Special Featuresxvii
Prefacexxi
PART I UNDERSTANDING THE CITY
Exploring the City
1(25)
Why Study the City?... MORE
2(2)
The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives
4(12)
The City in History
5(2)
The Emergence of Urban Sociology
7(1)
Social Psychology: The Urban Experience
8(1)
Urban Geography and Ecology
8(5)
Urban Anthropology: The City and Culture
13(1)
Urban Political Economy
14(2)
The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities
16(3)
The City in World Perspective
19(3)
Urban Sociology and the Quality of City Life
22(4)
PART II HISTORY OF CITIES AND NEW TRENDS
The Origins and Development of the World's Cities
26(36)
Urban Origins
27(7)
Archaeology: Digging the Early City
27(1)
The First Permanent Settlements
28(1)
The City Emerges
29(5)
The First Urban Revolution: City-States and Urban Empires
34(14)
The Near East: Mesopotamia and Egypt
34(4)
The Indus Region
38(2)
A Glance Eastward: China
40(1)
A Glance Westward: The Americas
40(1)
Summary: Traits of Early Cities
41(2)
Crete and Greece
43(1)
Rome
43(2)
Decline: The Middle Ages
45(2)
Revival: Medieval and Renaissance Cities
47(1)
The Second Urban Revolution: The Rise of Modern Cities
48(4)
London---The History of a World City
52(8)
Beginnings: 55 B.C.E-1066 C.E.
52(2)
The Medieval City: 1066-1550
54(1)
The World City Emerges: 1550-1800
54(1)
Industrialization and Colonization: 1800-1900
55(1)
The Modern Era: 1900 to the Present
56(4)
Summary
60(1)
Conclusion
61(1)
The Development of North American Cities
62(43)
The Colonial Era: 1600-1800
63(4)
Beginnings
64(1)
The Character of the Early Cities
64(3)
The Revolutionary War Era
67(1)
Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870
67(5)
Cities as Big Business
68(1)
The Beginnings of Industrialization
69(1)
Urban-Rural/North-South Tensions
70(2)
The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950
72(6)
Technological Advance
73(1)
The Great Migration
74(1)
Politics and Problems
74(1)
The Quality of Life in the New Metropolis
75(2)
Trends Through 1950
77(1)
The North American City Today: 1950 to the Present
78(9)
Decentralization
78(5)
The Sunbelt Expansion
83(4)
The Coming of the Postindustrial City
87(5)
Deterioration and Regeneration
87(2)
The Future
89(2)
The Human Cost of Economic Restructuring
91(1)
New York---The ``Big Apple'
92(11)
The Colonial Era
93(1)
Growth and Expansion
94(1)
The Great Metropolis Emerges
94(4)
New York Today
98(5)
Summary
103(1)
Conclusion
104(1)
Cities and Suburbs of the Twenty-First Century
105(31)
Urban and Suburban Sprawl
106(10)
What Is Sprawl?
106(2)
Why Do We Have Sprawl?
108(1)
Where Does Sprawl Occur?
108(1)
The Problems of Sprawl
108(6)
Solutions to Sprawl
114(2)
Edge Cities
116(8)
Characteristics and Commonalities
118(1)
Types of Edge Cities
118(1)
Evolving Middle-Class Centers
118(1)
Three Edge City Variations
119(5)
Gated Communities
124(3)
Types of Gated Communities
125(1)
A Sense of Community
126(1)
Common-Interest Developments (CIDs)
127(3)
Portland, Oregon
130(4)
The Physical Setting
130(1)
History
131(1)
Urban Decline and the Planners' Response to Sprawl
132(2)
Portland Today
134(1)
Summary
134(1)
Conclusion
135(1)
PART III DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES
Urban Sociology: The Classic Statements
136(29)
The European Tradition: 1846-1921
137(12)
From Barbarism to Civilization
137(3)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft
140(2)
Ferdinand Tonnies
Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
142(1)
Emile Durkheim
The Mental Life of the Metropolis
143(3)
Georg Simmel
The Historical and Comparative Study of Cities
146(2)
Max Weber
The European Tradition: An Evaluation
148(1)
Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1938
149(7)
Robert Park and Sociology at the University of Chicago
149(3)
Louis Wirth and Urban Theory
152(4)
The U.S. Tradition: An Evaluation
156(1)
The Classic Theories and Modern Research: Myths and Realities
156(7)
Tolerance in the City
157(1)
Impersonality in the City
157(2)
Density and Urban Pathology
159(3)
Urban Malaise
162(1)
The New Urban Sociology
163(1)
Summary
163(1)
Conclusion
164(1)
Social Psychology: The Urban Experience
165(28)
The Physical Environment
166(4)
The Image of the City
166(3)
Kevin Lynch
More on Mental Maps
169(1)
Stanley Milgram
The Social Environment: Gesellschaft
170(8)
The Pedestrian: Watching Your Step
170(3)
A World of Strangers
173(5)
Class, Race, and the Urban Experience
178(1)
The City as Gesellschaft: A Reassessment
178(1)
The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft
178(9)
Urban Networks
178(9)
Identifying with the City
187(1)
The City as Gemeinschaft: A Reassessment
187(1)
The Texture of the City
187(2)
Humanizing the City
189(2)
Summary
191(1)
Conclusion
192(1)
Geography and Ecology: Making Sense of Space
193(25)
Urban Geography
194(5)
The Location of Cities
195(2)
Why Cities Are Where They Are
197(2)
The Shape of the City
199(4)
The Radiocentric City
200(1)
The Gridiron City
201(1)
City Growth: Horizontal, Vertical, and Interstitial
202(1)
City Shape and Quality of Life
203(1)
Urban Ecology: The Chicago School
203(4)
The Ecological Theory of Urban Development
203(2)
The Concentric Zone Hypothesis
205(2)
Criticisms of the Chicago School
207(1)
Urban Ecology: Other Theories
207(9)
The Sector Theory
208(1)
The Multiple Nuclei Theory
209(1)
Social Area Analysis
210(1)
Factorial Ecology
211(5)
Summary
216(1)
Conclusion
217(1)
Urban Anthropology: The City and Culture
218(31)
Prologue: Six Months in Ibadan
219(1)
The City and Culture
220(1)
The City and the Hinterland
220(4)
Interdependencies
221(1)
Urban Dominance
222(2)
The City and Civilization
224(3)
Oswald Spengler
225(2)
Lewis Mumford
227(1)
Ming Peking
227(4)
Physical Structure
229(1)
Symbolism
229(2)
Hellenic Athens
231(5)
The Preclassical Period
231(2)
The Golden Age
233(1)
Behind the Glory
234(2)
Ming Peking and Athens: A Comparison
236(1)
The Culture of Capitalism and the City
236(6)
The Capitalist City
238(1)
The Industrial Revolution
238(3)
Urban Life as Economics
241(1)
Assets and Debits
241(1)
Communist Beijing
242(5)
The Emergence of Modern Beijing
242(1)
Urban Life as Politics
243(2)
The Difficulties of Urban Life
245(1)
Economic Reform
245(1)
A Rising Consumerism
246(1)
Summary
247(1)
Conclusion
247(2)
Structural Imperatives: Urban Political Economy
249(30)
Urban Economics: The Traditional Perspective
250(6)
Central Place Theory
250(3)
The General Pattern of Land Use
253(1)
Criticisms of the Basic Theory
254(2)
Political Economy: The ``New'' Perspective
256(7)
Redefining the Study of Cities
256(2)
Henri Lefebvre
The Baltimore Study
258(1)
David Harvey
Updating Marx
259(1)
Manuel Castells
Business Location and the Global Economy
260(2)
Allen Scott
Urban Growth Machines
262(1)
John Logan
Harvey Molotch
The Global Economy
263(6)
Economic Restructuring
264(1)
A World System
265(4)
Urban Political Economy: Four Principles
269(3)
The Urbanization of Poverty
272(5)
The Developing World
272(1)
The Developed World
272(5)
Summary
277(1)
Conclusion
278(1)
PART IV THE ANATOMY OF THE CITY
Social Class: Urban and Suburban Lifestyles
279(26)
Urban Diversity: Multiple Views
280(10)
Urbanism as a Way of Life
280(1)
Louis Wirth
Urbanism as Many Ways of Life
281(7)
Herbert Gans
A Comparison
288(2)
Wirth
Gans
A Subcultural Theory of Urbanism
290(1)
Claude Fischer
Life Beyond the City Limits: A Brief History of Suburbs
290(4)
Suburbs and the Gilded Age
291(1)
Streetcar Suburbs
292(1)
The Arrival of the Automobile
292(1)
The Postwar Era: 1945-1970
293(1)
1970 to the Present
293(1)
Suburban Lifestyles
294(9)
The Aristocratic Life
295(1)
The New Suburbia
295(1)
Contemporary Suburbia: Complexity and Diversity
296(6)
The Exurbs
302(1)
Urban Culture and the Suburbs
302(1)
Summary
303(1)
Conclusion
304(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Urban Diversity
305(28)
Cities and Immigrants
306(2)
Ethnic Enclaves and Ethnic Identity
306(1)
Ethnic Change
306(2)
Racial and Ethnic Minorities
308(12)
African Americans
308(4)
Hispanic Americans
312(4)
Asian Americans
316(4)
Native Americans
320(1)
Women and the City
320(2)
Work
321(1)
Urban Space
321(1)
The Public Sphere
322(1)
Chicago, ``City of the Big Shoulders''
322(9)
Early Chicago
323(1)
The Burning and Rebuilding of Chicago
324(1)
Jane Addams and Hull House
325(1)
Chicago in the Early Twentieth Century
326(1)
The Postwar Period
327(2)
Chicago Today
329(2)
Summary
331(1)
Conclusion
331(2)
Housing, Education, Crime: Confronting Urban Problems
333(29)
Housing: A Place to Live
334(15)
Adequate Housing: Who Has It?
334(1)
Housing Problems: A Brief History
335(1)
Public Housing
336(3)
Deterioration and Abandonment in the Inner City
339(1)
The Inner City Today: A Revival?
340(5)
The New Urbanism
345(4)
Education: The Urban Challenge
349(4)
Magnet Schools
350(1)
School Vouchers
350(1)
Charter Schools
351(2)
Crime: Perception and Reality
353(7)
A Declining Crime Rate
353(2)
Explaining High-Crime Areas
355(3)
Effects of Crime on Everyday Life
358(1)
What Is the Solution?
359(1)
Summary
360(1)
Conclusion
361(1)
PART V GLOBAL URBANIZATION
Cities in the Developing World
362(44)
Historical Context
363(19)
Latin American Cities
363(6)
African Cities
369(5)
Middle Eastern Cities
374(4)
Asian Cities
378(3)
Common Legacies
381(1)
The Modern Era
382(16)
Latin American Cities
382(1)
African Cities
383(1)
Middle Eastern Cities
384(2)
Asian Cities
386(9)
Common Problems
395(3)
Summary: World Urbanization in Perspective
398(2)
The Future: Theories and Possible Solutions
400(4)
Modernization Theory
401(1)
Dependency Theory
401(1)
Interventionist Theory
402(1)
The City Is Not the Problem: Jane Jacobs's Theory
403(1)
Conclusion
404(2)
PART VI THE PLANNING AND EVALUATION OF CITIES
Planning the Urban Environment
406(30)
Visions
407(2)
City Planning in World History
409(2)
Why Plan?
410(1)
Planning in the Industrial Era: 1800-1900
411(1)
The ``City Beautiful'' Movement
411(1)
``Till We Have Built Jerusalem'': The New Towns Movement
411(7)
A Socialist-Feminist New Town
412(1)
Later New Towns in Great Britain
412(1)
New Towns in Western Europe, Australia, and Brazil
413(1)
New Towns in the United States
414(3)
Have They Worked? Criticisms of New Towns
417(1)
Utopia Unlimited: Architectural Visions
418(4)
The Radiant City
418(1)
Le Corbusier
Broadacre City
419(1)
Frank Lloyd Wright
The Arcology
420(1)
Paolo Soleri
Utopia's Limitations: A Critique
421(1)
Meanwhile ... Downtown: More Focused Urban Planning
422(4)
Sidewalks, Neighborhoods, and Local Initiative
422(1)
Open Spaces: Squares, Parks, and Architecture
423(2)
Rouse Revisited: The Middle Ground
425(1)
The Realities of Urban Planning
426(1)
Economics and Politics
426(1)
The Difference That Values Make
427(1)
Toronto, Ontario
427(7)
The Physical Setting
428(1)
History
429(1)
Creation of a Metropolitan Government
430(1)
Two Phases of Urban Planning
431(1)
Toronto Today
432(2)
Conclusion
434(2)
References436(15)
Photo Credits451(2)
Index453

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