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Counseling : A Comprehensive Profession

ISBN: 9780130803337 | 0130803332
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 6/1/1999

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SummaryTable of Contents
This is the leading text for the survey course or Introduction to Counseling/Psychotherapy. Covers professional foundations, overviews the counseling process and key theories, and examines counseling as it is practiced in a variety of situations (e.g., marriage and family, career). It is recommended by the profession as a primary source for study toward certification and licensure.
PART I HISTORICAL AND PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF COUNSELING1(112)
CHAPTER 1 History of and Trends in Counseling
3(26)
Definition of Counseling
... MORE(4)
Guidance
4(1)
Psychotherapy
5(2)
Counseling
7(1)
History of Counseling
8(12)
Before 1900
8(1)
1900-1909
8(1)
1910s
9(1)
1920s
10(1)
1930s
10(1)
1940s
11(1)
1950s
12(2)
1960s
14(1)
1970s
14(2)
1980s
16(2)
1990s
18(2)
Current Trends in the New Millennium
20(2)
The Challenge of Managed Care
20(1)
The Effective Use of Computers and Technology
21(1)
The Growth of Leadership
22(1)
Summary and Conclusion
22(1)
Summary Table
23(1)
Classroom Activities
24(1)
References
25(4)
CHAPTER 2 The Effective Counselor
29(22)
The Personality and Background of the Counselor
30(4)
Negative Motivators for Becoming a Counselor
30(1)
Personal Qualities of an Effective Counselor
31(2)
Maintaining Effectiveness as a Counselor
33(1)
The Formal Education of Counselors
34(2)
Levels of Helping
34(1)
Professional Helping Specialties
35(1)
The Education of Professional Counselors
36(1)
Theoretical and Systematic Framework of the Counselor
37(6)
Theory
38(2)
Systems of Counseling
40(3)
Engaging in Professional Counseling-Related Activities
43(2)
Continuing Education
43(1)
Supervision
43(1)
Advocacy
44(1)
Summary and Conclusion
45(1)
Classroom Activities
46(1)
References
46(5)
CHAPTER 3 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling
51(28)
Definitions: Ethics, Morality, and Law
52(1)
Ethics and Counseling
53(1)
Professional Codes of Ethics and Standards
54(3)
The Development of Codes of Ethics for Counselors
55(1)
Limitations of Ethical Codes
55(1)
Conflicts Within and Among Ethical Codes
56(1)
Making Ethical Decisions
57(1)
Other Guidelines for Acting Ethically
58(1)
Educating Counselors in Ethical Decision Making
58(2)
Ethics in Specific Counseling Situations
60(1)
School Counseling and Ethics
60(1)
Computers, Counseling, and Ethics
60(1)
Marriage/Family Counseling and Ethics
61(1)
Other Settings and Ethics
61(1)
Dual Relationships
61(1)
Working with Counselors Who May Act Unethically
62(1)
The Law and Counseling
63(1)
Legal Recognition of Counseling
63(1)
Professional Credentialing
64(5)
Legal Aspects of the Counseling Relationship
66(3)
Civil and Criminal Liability
69(1)
Client Rights and Records
70(1)
The Counselor in Court
71(1)
Summary and Conclusion
72(1)
Classroom Activities
72(1)
References
73(6)
CHAPTER 4 Counseling in a Multicultural and Pluralistic Society
79(34)
Counseling Across Culture and Ethnicity
80(1)
Defining Culture and Multicultural Counseling
81(1)
History of Multicultural Counseling
82(1)
Difficulties in Multicultural Counseling
83(1)
Issues in Multicultural Counseling
84(3)
Counseling Considerations with Specific Cultural Groups
87(5)
European Americans
88(1)
African Americans
88(1)
Hispanics
89(1)
Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
89(1)
Native American Indians
90(1)
International Counseling
91(1)
Aged Populations
92(3)
Old Age
93(1)
Needs of the Aged
93(1)
Counseling the Aged
94(1)
Gender-Based Counseling
95(6)
Counseling Women
96(2)
Counseling Men
98(3)
Counseling and Sexual Orientation
101(1)
Counseling and Spirituality
101(2)
Summary and Conclusion
103(1)
Classroom Activities
104(1)
References
104(9)
PART II COUNSELING PROCESS AND THEORY113(176)
CHAPTER 5 Building a Counseling Relationship
115(26)
Factors That Influence the Counseling Process
116(9)
Structure
116(1)
Intiative
117(5)
The Physical Setting
122(1)
Client Qualities
123(1)
Counselor Qualities
123(2)
Types of Initial Interviews
125(4)
Client-versus Counselor-Initiated Interviews
125(1)
Information-Oriented First Interview
126(1)
Relationship-Oriented First Interview
127(2)
Conducting the Initial Interview
129(4)
Empathy
130(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior
130(2)
Nonhelpful Interview Behavior
132(1)
Exploration and the Identification of Goals
133(2)
Summary and Conclusion
135(1)
Classroom Activities
135(1)
References
136(5)
CHAPTER 6 Working in a Counseling Relationship
141(24)
Counselor Skills in the Understanding and Action Phases
143(16)
Changing Perceptions
143(1)
Leading
144(1)
Multifocused Responding
145(1)
Accurate Empathy
145(4)
Self-Disclosure
149(1)
Immediacy
150(1)
Humor
151(1)
Confrontation
152(1)
Contracting
152(2)
Rehearsal
154(1)
Transference and Countertransference
155(4)
The Real Relationship
159(1)
Summary and Conclusion
159(1)
Classroom Activities
160(1)
References
160(5)
CHAPTER 7 Termination of Counseling Relationships
165(18)
Function of Termination
166(1)
Timing of Termination
167(1)
Issues of Termination
168(2)
Termination of Individual Sessions
168(1)
Termination of a Counseling Relationship
169(1)
Resistance to Termination
170(2)
Client Resistance
170(1)
Counselor Resistance
171(1)
Premature Termination
172(2)
Counselor-Initiated Termination
174(1)
Ending on a Positive Note
175(1)
Issues Related to Termination: Follow-up and Referral
176(2)
Follow-up
176(1)
Referral and Recycling
177(1)
Summary and Conclusion
178(1)
Classroom Activities
178(1)
References
179(4)
CHAPTER 8 Psychoanalytic and Adlerian Approaches to Counseling
183(26)
Theory into Practice
184(1)
Psychoanalytic Theories
185(1)
Classical Psychoanalytic Theory
185(10)
Sigmund Freud
185(2)
View of Human Nature
187(4)
Role of the Counselor
191(1)
Goals
192(1)
Techniques
192(2)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
194(1)
Adlerian Counseling
195(8)
Alfred Adler
195(2)
View of Human Nature
197(2)
Role of the Counselor
199(1)
Goals
199(1)
Techniques
200(1)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
201(2)
Summary and Conclusion
203(1)
Classroom Activities
203(1)
References
204(5)
CHAPTER 9 Person-Centered, Existential, and Gestalt Approaches to Counseling
209(24)
Person-Centered Counseling
210(6)
Carl Rogers
210(1)
View of Human Nature
211(1)
Role of the Counselor
212(1)
Goals
213(1)
Techniques
213(2)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
215(1)
Existential Counseling
216(5)
Rollo May
216(1)
Victor Frankl
217(1)
View of Human Nature
218(1)
Role of the Counselor
219(1)
Goals
219(1)
Techniques
220(1)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
220(1)
Gestalt Therapy
221(6)
Fritz Perls
222(1)
View of Human Nature
222(1)
Role of the Counselor
223(1)
Goals
224(1)
Techniques
225(1)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
226(1)
Summary and Conclusion
227(1)
Classroom Activities
228(1)
References
229(4)
CHAPTER 10 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Transactional Analysis
233(26)
Common Aspects of Cognitive Counseling
234(1)
Beck's Cognitive Therapy
235(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
236(9)
Albert Ellis
236(1)
View of Human Nature
237(1)
Role of the Counselor
238(1)
Goals
238(2)
Techniques
240(3)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
243(2)
Transactional Analysis
245(9)
Eric Berne
245(1)
View of Human Nature
246(5)
Role of the Counselor
251(1)
Goals
251(1)
Techniques
252(1)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
253(1)
Summary and Conclusion
254(1)
Classroom Activities
255(1)
References
255(4)
CHAPTER 11 Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Reality Therapy
259(30)
Overview of Behavioral Approaches
260(1)
Behavioral Theories
261(9)
B.F. Skinner
261(1)
View of Human Nature
262(1)
The Stimulus-Response Model
263(1)
Applied Behavior Analysis
263(1)
Social-Cognitive Theory
264(1)
Role of the Counselor
264(1)
Goals
265(1)
Techniques
265(5)
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Techniques
270(3)
Cognitive Restructuring
270(1)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
271(2)
Reality Therapy
273(7)
William Glasser
273(1)
View of Human Nature
274(1)
Role of the Counselor
275(1)
Goals
276(1)
Techniques
277(1)
Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations
278(2)
Development and Integration of Counseling Theories
280(1)
Summary and Conclusion
280(1)
Classroom Activities
281(5)
References
286(3)
PART III SKILLS AND SPECIALTIES IN THE PRACTICE OF COUNSELING289(239)
CHAPTER 12 Marriage and Family Counseling: Systems Theory
291(30)
The Beginnings of Marriage and Family Counseling
293(3)
Developments in Psychoanalysis
293(1)
General Systems Theory
293(1)
Schizophrenia and Families
294(1)
Emergence of Marriage Counseling
294(1)
Growth of the Child Guidance Movement
295(1)
Emergence of Group Counseling
295(1)
Postwar Changes
295(1)
Multicultural Counseling
295(1)
Associations, Education, and Research
296(1)
Family Life and the Family Life Cycle
297(3)
Marriage/Family Counseling versus Individual/Group Counseling
300(1)
Marriage and Couples Counseling
301(4)
Psychoanalytic Theory
301(2)
Social-Cognitive Theory
303(1)
Bowen Family Systems Theory
303(1)
Structural-Strategic Theory
304(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Theory (REBT)
304(1)
Evaluation of Marriage and Couples Counseling
304(1)
Family Counseling
305(6)
Psychodynamic Family Counseling
307(1)
Experiential Family Counseling
307(1)
Behavioral Family Counseling
308(1)
Structural Family Counseling
308(2)
Strategic (Brief) Family Counseling
310(1)
Solution-Focused Family Counseling
310(1)
Narrative Family Counseling
311(1)
Summary and Conclusion
311(1)
Summary Table
312(3)
Classroom Activities
315(1)
References
316(5)
CHAPTER 13 Groups in Counseling
321(28)
The Place of Groups in Counseling
323(2)
Types of Groups
325(3)
Guidance/Psychoeducational Groups
325(1)
Counseling/Interpersonal Problem-Solving Groups
325(1)
Psychotherapy/Personality Reconstruction Groups
326(1)
Task/Work Groups
326(1)
Traditional and Historical Groups
327(1)
T-Groups
327(1)
Encounter Groups
327(1)
Group Marathon
327(1)
Psychodrama
328(1)
Self-Help/Support Groups
328(1)
Theoretical Approaches in Conducting Groups
328(3)
Stages in Groups
331(1)
Issues in Groups
332(8)
Selection and Preparation of Group Members
334(4)
Group Size and Duration
338(1)
Open versus Closed Groups
338(1)
Confidentiality
338(1)
Physical Structure
338(1)
Co-leaders
339(1)
Self-disclosure
339(1)
Feedback
339(1)
Follow-up
340(1)
Qualities of Effective Group Leaders
340(1)
The Future of Group Work
341(3)
Summary and Conclusion
344(1)
Classroom Activities
344(1)
References
345(4)
CHAPTER 14 Career Counseling over the Life Span
349(32)
The Importance of Career Counseling
351(1)
Career Counseling Associations and Credentials
351(1)
The Scope of Career Counseling and Careers
352(1)
Career Information
353(2)
Career Development Theories and Counseling
355(9)
Trait-and-Factor Theory
355(2)
Psychodynamic Theory
357(2)
Developmental Theories
359(3)
Social-Cognitive Theories
362(1)
Comprehensive Career Counseling
363(1)
Career Counseling with Diverse Populations
364(9)
Career Counseling with Children
364(1)
Career Counseling with Adolescents
365(3)
Career Counseling with College Students
368(1)
Career Counseling with Adults
368(2)
Career Counseling with Women and Cultural Minorities
370(3)
Summary and Conclusion
373(1)
Classroom Activities
373(1)
References
374(7)
CHAPTER 15 Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School Counseling
381(30)
Elementary School Counseling and Guidance
383(6)
Emphases and Roles
384(1)
Activities
385(4)
Middle School Counseling and Guidance
389(7)
Emphases and Roles
393(1)
Activities
393(3)
Secondary School Counseling and Guidance
396(7)
Emphases and Roles
397(1)
Activities
398(5)
Summary and Conclusion
403(1)
Classroom Activities
404(1)
References
404(7)
CHAPTER 16 College Counseling and Student Life Services
411(22)
The Beginning of Student Life Services and College Counseling
413(1)
The Theoretical Bases and Professional Preparation for Working with College Students
414(2)
Theoretical Bases
415(1)
Professional Preparation
416(1)
College Counseling
416(6)
Emphases and Roles
416(1)
Activities
417(5)
Student Life Professionals
422(3)
Emphases and Roles
422(2)
Activities
424(1)
Counseling and Student Life Services with Nontraditional Students
425(1)
Summary and Conclusion
426(1)
Classroom Activities
427(1)
References
427(6)
CHAPTER 17 Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Rehabilitation Counseling
433(26)
Mental Health Counseling
434(5)
Theories and Functions
436(3)
Substance Abuse Counseling
439(6)
The Nature of Substance Abuse
439(2)
Preventing Substance Abuse
441(1)
Treating Substance Abuse
442(1)
Treating Alcohol Abuse
442(1)
Treating Other Drug Addictions
443(1)
Families and Substance Abuse Treatment
443(1)
Working with Addiction
444(1)
Women and Cultural Groups in Substance Abuse Treatment
445(1)
Rehabilitation Counseling
445(6)
The Education, Certification, and Affiliation of Rehabilitation Counselors
446(1)
Theories and Techniques
447(2)
Roles and Functions
449(2)
Summary and Conclusion
451(1)
Classroom Activities
452(1)
References
452(7)
CHAPTER 18 Consultation
459(20)
Consultation: Defining a Multifaceted Activity
460(2)
Consultation versus Counseling
462(1)
Four Conceptual Models
463(1)
Levels of Consultation
464(2)
Individual Consultation
464(1)
Group Consultation
465(1)
Organization/Community Consultation
466(1)
Stages and Attitudes in Consultation
466(2)
Specific Areas of Consultation
468(3)
School Consultation
468(2)
Agency Consultation
470(1)
Training in Consultation
471(2)
Summary and Conclusion
473(1)
Classroom Activities
474(1)
References
474(5)
CHAPTER 19 Evaluation and Research
479(24)
The Nature of Evaluation and Research
480(1)
Evaluation
481(4)
Incorrect Evaluation Methods
481(1)
Steps in Evaluation
481(1)
Selecting an Evaluation Model
482(3)
Counselors and Research
485(1)
Research
486(11)
Steps in the Research Process
487(1)
The Relevance of Research
488(1)
Choosing a Research Method
488(1)
Emphases of Research
489(1)
Major Research Methods
490(5)
Guidelines for Using Research
495(1)
Statistics
495(2)
Summary and Conclusion
497(1)
Classroom Activities
497(1)
References
498(5)
CHAPTER 20 Testing, Assessment, and Diagnosis in Counseling
503(25)
Tests and Test Scores
504(15)
A History of Tests in Counseling
505(2)
Problems and Potential of Using Tests
507(1)
Qualities of Good Tests
508(2)
Classification of Tests
510(7)
Administration and Interpretation of Tests
517(2)
Assessment
519(2)
Diagnosis
521(1)
Summary and Conclusion
522(1)
Classroom Activities
523(1)
References
523(5)
APPENDIX A Ethical Standards of the American Counseling Association528(18)
APPENDIX B Ethical Standards of the American Psychological Association546(18)
APPENDIX C Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Classifications564(10)
APPENDIX D Counseling-Related Organizations574(1)
Name Index575(16)
Subject Index591(17)
About the Author608

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