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Handbook Of Informatics for Nurses and Health Care Professionals

ISBN: 9780130311023 | 0130311022
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2001

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SummaryTable of Contents
For undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in Nursing Informatics and/or Healthcare, Nursing Trends and Issues, and Nursing Research.The Handbook serves as an introduction to informatics for students in the healthcare professions, as well as practicing professionals. It is an easy-to-read guide that provides useful information on topics that range from basic computing concepts and electronic communication, data integrity and security, to information system selection and implementation, disaster planning and recovery, telehealth, and Informatics applications for education and research.
Prefacexvii
Acknowledgmentsxxi
About the Authorsxxiii
SECTION ONE General Computer Information1(80)
Informatics in the Health Care Professions
... MORE		2(11)
Applications of Nursing Informatics
4(2)
Nursing Practice
4(1)
Nursing Administration
4(1)
Nursing Education
5(1)
Nursing Research
5(1)
The Current Status of Health Care Delivery
6(1)
Benefits of Nursing Informatics for Other Health Care Professionals
6(2)
The Role of the Nurse in Information Handling
8(2)
The Role of the Nursing Informatics Specialist
10(1)
Case Study Exercise
11(1)
Summary
11(1)
References
11(2)
Hardware, Software, and the Roles of Support Personnel
13(20)
Hardware
14(2)
Input Devices
14(1)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
15(1)
Secondary Storage
15(1)
Output Devices
16(1)
Computer Categories
16(1)
Types of Computers
17(1)
Peripheral Hardware Items
18(2)
Networks
20(2)
How Computers Work
22(1)
Binary Representation of an Arabic Number
22(1)
Selection Criteria
23(2)
User Needs
24(1)
Physical Constraints
25(1)
Measures to Reduce Computer-Related Discomfort
25(1)
Software
25(1)
Examples of Ergonomic Devices
26(1)
Operating Systems
26(1)
Application Software
27(1)
Utility Programs
27(1)
Common Types of PC Software Applications
28(1)
Roles of Support Personnel
28(3)
Superuser
29(1)
Help Desk Technician
29(1)
Microcomputer or PC Specialist
29(1)
Analyst
29(1)
Clinical Liaison
29(1)
Programmer
30(1)
Network Administrator
30(1)
Trainer
30(1)
Security Officer
30(1)
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
30(1)
Webmaster
31(1)
Case Study Exercises
31(1)
Summary
31(1)
References
31(2)
Ensuring the Quality of Information
33(15)
Example of Coded Data: Employment Status Codes
35(1)
Examples of Data and Information
35(1)
Data Integrity
35(3)
Ensuring Correct Data Collection and Entry
36(2)
Data Management
38(2)
Data Storage
38(1)
Outsourcing Data Management and Storage
39(1)
Storage Media
40(3)
Data Retrieval
41(1)
Data Exchange
42(1)
Characteristics of Quality Information
43(1)
Threats to Information Quality, Availability, and Confidentiality
44(1)
Case Study Exercises
45(1)
Summary
46(1)
References
47(1)
Electronic Communication and the Internet
48(33)
The Internet
50(2)
E-mail
51(1)
E-Mail: Advantages and Disadvantages
52(2)
File Transfer
53(1)
Informal Rules for E-Mail Use
54(1)
The World Wide Web
54(1)
The World Wide Web: Advantages and Disadvantages
55(3)
Steps in Creating, Posting, and Maintaining a Home Page
58(11)
Browsers
59(1)
Search Tools
60(1)
Listservs
60(1)
News Groups
61(1)
Bulletin Board Systems
62(1)
Access to Health Care Information
62(3)
On-Line Publication and Journals
65(1)
Marketing Services
66(1)
E-health
67(2)
Concerns Related to the Use of the Internet
69(3)
Firewalls
69(1)
Web Security
70(1)
Organizational Policy
71(1)
Overload
72(1)
Viral Contamination
72(1)
The Development of Intranets
72(1)
Purpose
73(1)
Advantages of Intranets
73(1)
Problems
74(1)
Extranets
74(1)
Case Study Exercises
74(1)
Summary
75(1)
References
76(5)
SECTION TWO Health Care Information Systems81(176)
Health Care Information Systems
82(17)
Clinical Information Systems
83(3)
Nursing Information Systems
85(1)
Advantages of a Nursing Information System
86(1)
Automation of Traditional Nursing Documentation Methods
87(2)
Clinician Information Systems
88(1)
Monitoring Systems
88(1)
Order Entry Systems
89(1)
Features of Monitoring Systems
89(4)
Laboratory Systems
89(1)
Radiology Systems
90(2)
Pharmacy Systems
92(1)
Other Clinical Systems
93(1)
Using Information Systems to Reduce Medication Errors
93(1)
Administrative Systems
94(1)
Other Common Clinical Systems
94(1)
Administration Information Systems Used in the Hospital Setting
94(1)
Decision Support and Expert Systems
95(1)
Registration Systems
95(1)
Scheduling Systems
95(1)
Decision Support and Expert Systems
95(2)
Case Study Exercises
97(1)
Summary
97(1)
References
97(2)
Strategic Planning
99(15)
The Mission
100(1)
Mission Statement of St. Francis Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
101(1)
Goals and Objectives
101(1)
Developing Strategies
102(1)
Areas of Potential Strategic Planning
102(1)
Strategic Planning for Information Systems
103(1)
Steps of the Strategic Planning Process
104(4)
Identification of Goals and Scope
105(1)
Scanning the External and Internal Environments
105(1)
Data Analysis
106(1)
Identification of Potential Solutions
107(1)
Selecting a Course of Action
107(1)
Information Technology Considerations for Strategic Planning
108(1)
Pros and Cons Associated with the Outsourcing of Services
109(2)
Implementation
109(1)
Ongoing Evaluation and Feedback
110(1)
Measures to Ensure a Positive Outsourcing Experience
111(1)
Case Study Exercises
111(1)
Summary
112(1)
References
112(2)
Selecting a Health Care Information System
114(18)
Needs Assessment
115(4)
The Steering Committee
117(1)
Consultants
118(1)
Developing a Common Vision
118(1)
Qualities of an Effective Consultant
119(1)
Understanding the Current System
119(1)
Determining System Requirements
119(1)
Sample of Criteria Defining ``Musts'' and ``Wants''
120(4)
System Selection
124(1)
Additional Sources of Information
125(1)
Request for Information
125(1)
System Selection Criteria
125(4)
Request for Proposal
126(2)
Evaluation of RFP Responses
128(1)
Questions to Ask During a Site Visit
129(1)
Contract Negotiations
130(1)
Case Study Exercises
130(1)
Summary
130(1)
References
131(1)
System Implementation and Maintenance
132(13)
System Implementation
133(1)
Develop an Implementation Committee
133(1)
Install the System
133(1)
Characteristics of a Successful Implementation Committee
134(6)
Analyze Hardware Requirements
136(1)
Develop Procedures and Documentation
136(1)
Testing
137(1)
Provide Training
137(1)
Go-Live Planning
138(1)
Common Implementation Pitfalls
139(1)
Maintenance
140(2)
User Feedback and Support
140(1)
System Maintenance
141(1)
Technical Maintenance
141(1)
The Information System's Life Cycle
142(1)
Case Study Exercises
142(1)
Summary
143(1)
References
144(1)
Information Systems Training
145(18)
Identification of Training Needs
147(1)
User Needs
147(1)
Who Might Need Training?
148(3)
Training Class Content
149(2)
Class Schedules
151(1)
Sample Screen Options for Reviewing Lab Results
151(2)
Hardware and Software Requirements
152(1)
Training Costs
152(1)
A Training Center
152(1)
Training Approaches
153(1)
Selecting a Training Site: Factors to Consider
153(1)
Selecting a Training Method: Factors to Consider
154(1)
Training Approaches: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Tips
155(3)
Proficiency Testing
157(1)
Selecting a Trainer: Factors to Consider
158(1)
Additional Training Considerations
158(2)
Training Students
159(1)
Case Study Exercises
160(1)
Summary
160(1)
References
161(2)
Information Security and Confidentiality
163(22)
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security
164(1)
Information System Security
165(3)
Security Risks
165(3)
Characteristics of Malicious Programs
168(1)
Security Mechanisms
168(1)
Tips for How to Avoid Malicious Programs
169(1)
Physical Security
169(1)
Passwords and Other Means of Authentication
169(1)
Recommendations for Password Selection and Use
170(2)
Firewalls
171(1)
Application Security
171(1)
Antivirus Software
172(1)
Administrative and Personnel Issues
172(5)
Level of Access
173(1)
User Authentication
174(1)
Personnel Issues
174(2)
System Security Management
176(1)
Audit Trails
177(1)
Handling and Disposal of Confidential Information
177(3)
Computer Printouts
178(1)
Faxes
178(2)
E-mail and the Internet
180(1)
Web-Based Applications for Health Care
180(1)
Electronic Storage
180(1)
Case Study Exercises
180(1)
Summary
181(1)
References
182(3)
Network Integration
185(12)
Interface Engines
187(1)
The Benefits of Integration
187(1)
Interface Engine Benefits
188(1)
Integration Issues
189(1)
Factors that Slow Integration
189(1)
The Need for Integration Standards
190(2)
Data Dictionary
190(1)
Master Patient Index
190(1)
Uniform Language
191(1)
Data Exchange Standards
191(1)
Benefits of Integration
192(1)
Integration Implications for Nursing
193(1)
Emerging Integration Solutions
194(1)
Case Study Exercises
194(1)
Summary
194(2)
References
196(1)
The Computer-Based Patient Record
197(14)
Definitions
198(1)
Characteristics of the CPR
199(4)
Benefits of the CPR
203(1)
Current Status of the CPR
204(1)
Qualities of a Successful CPR
205(1)
Impediments to CPR Development
205(1)
Concerns Associated with the CPR
206(2)
Data Integrity
207(1)
Ownership of the Patient Record
207(1)
Privacy and Confidentiality
207(1)
Electronic Signature
208(1)
Smart Cards
208(1)
Considerations for the Future
208(1)
Case Study Exercises
209(1)
Summary
209(1)
References
210(1)
Regulatory and Accreditation Issues
211(15)
Privacy and Confidentiality Issues
212(1)
Previous Attempts at Legislation to Protect the Privacy of Medical Records
213(1)
ACLU Principles for Formulating a Health Information Privacy Policy
214(1)
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
215(2)
HIPAA Standards
215(1)
HIPAA Compliance
216(1)
Accreditation and Reimbursement Issues
216(1)
Evaluation of Current Security Measures for HIPAA Compliance
217(3)
JCAHO
217(2)
CARF
219(1)
Reimbursement Issues
219(1)
Minimum Data Set for Nursing Home Resident Assessment and Care
220(1)
Special Facility Issues
221(2)
Geriatric and Long-Term Facilities
222(1)
Psychiatric Facilities
223(1)
Case Study Exercises
223(1)
Summary
224(1)
References
224(2)
Community Health Information Networks
226(9)
Components of a CHIN
227(2)
Information Available in a CHIN Data Repository
229(1)
Services Provided by CHINs
229(1)
Development of a CHIN
229(2)
Connectivity
229(1)
Data Elements
229(1)
Centralized Data Repository
229(1)
CHIN Developers
229(2)
Benefits Associated with CHINs
231(1)
Access to Client Information
231(1)
Cost Reduction
231(1)
Limiting Factors
232(1)
Client Confidentiality Issues
232(1)
Ownership of the CHIN
232(1)
Initial Development Costs
232(1)
Current Status of CHINs
233(1)
Case Study Exercises
233(1)
Summary
233(1)
References
234(1)
Disaster Planning and Recovery
235(22)
What Is Disaster Planning?
236(1)
Advantages of Disaster Planning
237(1)
Environmental Disaster Versus System Failure
238(1)
Threats to Normal System Operation
239(1)
Suggested Areas for Yearly Review to Avert System Disasters
240(1)
Steps of the Disaster Planning Process
240(4)
Identification of Essential Information
240(1)
IS Policy and Procedure Development
241(2)
Backup and Storage
243(1)
Manual versus Automated Alternatives
244(1)
Recommended PC Maintenance
245(1)
Ways to Increase Disaster Awareness and Successful Recovery
246(1)
Recovery
247(1)
Salvaging Damaged Records
248(1)
General Salvage Rules
248(1)
Recovery Costs
249(1)
Recommended Storage Media Recovery Techniques
249(1)
Restarting the System
250(1)
Recommended Insurance Coverage
250(2)
Using Postdisaster Feedback to Improve Planning
252(1)
Case Study Exercises
252(1)
Summary
252(2)
References
254(3)
SECTION THREE Specialty Applications257(65)
Using the Computer to Support Health Care Education
258(21)
Applications of Computers in Health Care Education
260(2)
Potential Audiences for Educational Computer Uses
262(1)
Formal Nursing Education
262(1)
Evaluation Criteria for Instructional Software
263(1)
Features to Look for in Computerized NCLEX-RN Preparation Programs
264(2)
Continuing Education
265(1)
Client Education
265(1)
Instructional Applications of Computer Technology
266(2)
Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
266(1)
Multimedia
267(1)
Teleconferencing
268(1)
Strategies to Maximize the Benefits of Multimedia Instruction
268(2)
Distance Learning
269(1)
Web-Based Instruction (WBI)
269(1)
Key Points for Students Involved in Distance Learning
270(2)
Computer Labs
271(1)
Do's and Don'ts for Developing a Web-Based Course
272(1)
Evaluation Criteria for a Computer Lab
273(1)
Educational Opportunities in Nursing Informatics
274(1)
Case Study Exercises
274(1)
Summary
275(1)
References
276(3)
Telehealth
279(23)
Terms Related to Telehealth
280(1)
Some Common Telehealth Terms
281(1)
Teleconferencing
281(1)
Videoconferencing
282(1)
Desktop Videoconferencing (DTV)
282(1)
Historical Background
282(1)
Driving Forces
283(1)
Applications
284(1)
Telemedicine Benefits
284(1)
On-Line Databases and Tools
284(1)
Current and Proposed Telehealth Applications
285(2)
Education
286(1)
Continuing Education
287(1)
Home Health Care
287(1)
Legal and Privacy Issues
287(3)
Referral and Payment
287(1)
Support Personnel
288(1)
Liability
289(1)
Barriers to the Use of Telehealth Applications
290(1)
Licensure Issues
290(1)
Confidentiality/Privacy
290(1)
Establishing a Telehealth Link
291(1)
Formulating a Telehealth Plan
291(1)
Building the Supporting Framework
292(1)
Strategies to Ensure Successful Teleconferences
292(2)
Human Factors
293(1)
Equipment
294(1)
Telehealth Costs
294(1)
Technology Issues
294(1)
Basic DTV Components for Telehealth Applications
294(1)
Telenursing
295(2)
Future Development
296(1)
Case Study Exercises
297(1)
Summary
297(1)
References
298(4)
Research
302(20)
Using Computers to Support Research
303(1)
Identification of Research Topics
303(1)
Computer Applications That Support Nursing Research
304(1)
Literature Searches
305(1)
Suggested Health Care Informatics Research Topics
305(1)
Pros and Cons of On-Line Literature Searches
306(3)
Data Collection Tools
306(3)
Tips for Design and Administration of Web-Based Data Collection Tools
309(4)
Data Analysis
309(2)
Data Presentation: Graphics
311(1)
Computer-Aided Research in Nursing (CARIN)
312(1)
On-Line Access to Databases
313(1)
Impediments to Health Care Research
313(1)
Possible Funding Sources for Nursing Research
314(2)
Unified Language Efforts
314(1)
Multi-Institutional Research
315(1)
Some Databases That Support Nursing
316(1)
Research in Real Time
316(1)
Collaborative Research
317(1)
Students Using Computers for Research
317(1)
Case Study Exercises
318(1)
Summary
318(1)
References
319(3)
Appendix A: Internet Primer322(9)
Appendix B: Career Resources on the Internet331(4)
Appendix C: Internet Resources for Nurses and Health Care Professionals335(14)
Appendix D: Case Study Exercises--Suggested Responses349(18)
Glossary367(12)
Index379

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