Rent 9780130308535 | Exceptional Lives : Special Education in Today's Schools | Turnbull, Ann; Shank, Marilyn; Smith, Sean; Leal, Dorothy; Turnbull, Rud @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

For introductory courses in Special Education. The authors of this introductory text have a vision for special educationto equip general and special education teachers with the principles, values and teaching practices that support the education of the majority of students with disabilities in general education programs. Beginning with a thorough review of the principles that undergird IDEA and the process of nondiscriminatory evaluation, the authors explore the teaching and collaborative processes necessary for implementing best practices and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997. Using a categorical approach, the authors highlight real students with real disabilities and use their stories as a vehicle for describing the characteristics, causes, and challenges that people with exceptionalities face and that both general and special education teachers must consider when making decisions about how, where, and what to teach.

Overview of Today's Special Education

(38)

Profile of Special Education Students and Personnel in Today's Schools

(10)

... MORE

(8)

Who Are Special Education Personnel?

(1)

What Are the Results for Students with Disabilities?

(2)

Three Leaders Who Changed Special Education: A History of Reform

(3)

Lioyd Dunn: Questioning the Efficacy of Special Education Placement

(1)

Evelyn Deno: Proposing a Cascade of Services

(1)

James Gallagher: Advocating for a Special Education Contract

(2)

Judicial Preludes to Federal Special Education Law: A History of Discrimination

(1)

Two Types of Discrimination

(1)

Two Revolutionary Judicial Decisions

(1)

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Introduction and Eligibility

(4)

Introduction to IDEA: Progress but Problems

(2)

Eligibility for Special Education: Need and Age Groups

(2)

IDEA: Six Principles

(8)

Zero Reject

(1)

Nondiscriminatory Evaluation

(1)

Appropriate Education

(1)

Least Restrictive Environment

(3)

Procedural Due Process

(1)

Parent-Student Participation

(1)

Federal Funding of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

(2)

IDEA as Grant-in-Aid for States

(2)

Other Federal Laws: Entitlements and Antidiscrimination

(3)

Entitlements and Other Services

(1)

Prohibition of Discrimination

(2)

A Vision for the Future

(1)

What Do You Think?

(1)

Summary

(2)

Implementing IDEA's Principles

(32)

Framework for Implementing IDEA

(1)

Nondiscriminatory Evaluation: Screening, Prereferral and Referral

(4)

Screening

(1)

Prereferral

(2)

Referral

(1)

Nondiscriminatory Evaluation

(11)

Nondiscriminatory Evaluation Procedures and Standards

(4)

Assessment Instruments

(4)

Administration of Nondiscriminatory Assessments

(3)

Appropriate Education

(10)

Developing the IFSP/IEP

(9)

A Vision for the Future

(2)

What Do You Think?

(1)

Summary

(2)

Special Education Today: Inclusion and Collaboration

(32)

General and Special Education School Reform

(2)

School Reform via Standards-Based Reform

(1)

School Reform via the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

(1)

Forerunners to Inclusion: Mainstreaming and the Regular Education Initiative

(2)

Mainstreaming

(1)

The Regular Education Initiative

(1)

First-Generation Inclusion

(11)

The Evolution Toward Inclusion

(1)

Extent of Implementation

(1)

Three Key Components

(5)

Challenges Encountered in Inclusion

(4)

Second-Generation Inclusion

(4)

Crossroads: From First-to Second-Generation Inclusion

(1)

Overview of Second-Generation Inclusion

(3)

Collaboration as a Prerequisite for Inclusion

(7)

Definition of Collaboration

(1)

Rationale for Collaboration

(1)

Roles of Potential Collaborators

(5)

State-of-the-Art Collaborative Approaches

100

(1)

Process of Creating Collaborative Teams

100

(1)

A Vision for the Future

100

(2)

What Do You Think?

102

(1)

Summary

102

(2)

Learning Disabilities

104

(40)

Who Are Students with Learning Disabilities?

106

(12)

Defining Learning Disabilities

106

(2)

Describing the Characteristics

108

(6)

Identifying the Causes of Learning Disabilities

114

(2)

Identifying the Prevalence of Learning Disabilities

116

(2)

How Are Students with Learning Disabilities Evaluated?

118

(5)

Determining the Presence of a Learning Disability

118

(3)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

121

(2)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

123

(12)

Set Curricular Goals

123

(1)

Implement Instruction

124

(6)

Observe Programs in Practice

130

(5)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

135

(5)

Practice Inclusion

135

(2)

Foster Collaboration

137

(3)

A Vision for Julia's Future

140

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

141

(1)

Summary

141

(3)

Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

144

(36)

Who Are Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders?

146

(13)

Defining Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

146

(1)

Describing the Characteristics

147

(7)

Identifying the Causes of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

154

(2)

Identifying the Prevalence of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

156

(3)

How Are Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Evaluated?

159

(3)

Determining the Presence of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

159

(2)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

161

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

162

(10)

Set Curricular Goals

162

(1)

Implement Instruction

163

(5)

Observe Programs in Practice

168

(4)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

172

(5)

Practice Inclusion

172

(1)

Foster Collaboration

173

(4)

A Vision for Tijuane's Future

177

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

177

(1)

Summary

178

(2)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

180

(42)

Who Are Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

182

(17)

Defining Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

184

(1)

Describing the Characteristics of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

185

(7)

Identifying the Causes of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

192

(5)

Identifying the Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

197

(2)

How Are Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Evaluated?

199

(4)

Determining the Presence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

199

(3)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

202

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

203

(13)

Set Curricular Goals

203

(3)

Implement Instruction

206

(5)

Observe Programs in Practice

211

(5)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

216

(4)

Practice Inclusion

216

(1)

Foster Collaboration

217

(3)

A Vision for Taylor's Future

220

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

220

(1)

Summary

221

(1)

Giftedness

222

(38)

Who Are Students with Giftedness?

224

(13)

Defining Giftedness

224

(7)

Describing the Characteristics

231

(5)

Identifying the Causes of Giftedness

236

(1)

Identifying the Prevalence of Giftedness

236

(1)

How Are Students Who Are Gifted Evaluated?

237

(6)

Determining the Presence of Giftedness

237

(5)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

242

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

243

(2)

Set Curricular Goals

243

(2)

Implement Instruction

245

(7)

Observe Programs in Practice

248

(4)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

252

(5)

Practice Inclusion

252

(3)

Foster Collaboration

255

(2)

A Vision for Brea's Future

257

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

258

(1)

Summary

258

(2)

Mental Retardation

260

(40)

Who Are Students with Mental Retardation

262

(16)

Defining Mental Retardation

262

(3)

Describing the Characteristics of Mental Retardation

265

(10)

Identifying the Causes of Mental Retardation

275

(2)

Identifying the Prevalence of Mental Retardation

277

(1)

How Are Students with Mental Retardation Evaluated?

278

(2)

Determining the Presence of Mental Retardation

278

(2)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

280

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

280

(13)

Set Curricular Goals

280

(3)

Implement Instruction

283

(2)

Observe Programs in Practice

285

(8)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

293

(3)

Practice Inclusion

293

(1)

Foster Collaboration

294

(2)

A Vision for Tory's Future

296

(2)

What Would You Recommend?

298

(1)

Summary

298

(2)

Severe and Multiple Disabilities

300

(36)

Who Are Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities?

302

(9)

Defining Severe and Multiple Disabilities

302

(1)

Describing the Characteristics of Severe and Multiple Disabilities

303

(3)

Identifying the Causes of Severe and Multiple Disabilities

306

(5)

Identifying the Prevalence of Severe and Multiple Disabilities

311

(1)

How Are Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities Evaluated?

311

(4)

Determining the Presence of Severe and Multiple Disabilities

311

(1)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

311

(4)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

315

(14)

Set Curricular Goals

315

(3)

Implement Instruction

318

(5)

Observe Programs in Practice

323

(6)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

329

(3)

Practice Inclusion

329

(2)

Foster Collaboration

331

(1)

A Vision for Joshua's Future

332

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

333

(1)

Summary

333

(3)

Autism

336

(32)

Who Are Students with Autism

338

(10)

Defining Autism

338

(1)

Describing the Characteristics

338

(8)

Identifying the Causes of Autism

346

(1)

Identifying the Prevalence of Autism

347

(1)

How Are Students with Autism Evaluated?

348

(2)

Determining the Presence of Autism

348

(1)

Determining the Nature and extent of special Education and Related Services

348

(2)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

350

(13)

Set Curricular Goals

350

(1)

Implement Instruction

350

(3)

Observe Programs in Practice

353

(10)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

363

(2)

Practice Inclusion

363

(1)

Foster Collaboration

363

(2)

A Vision for Jeremy's Future

365

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

366

(1)

Summary

366

(2)

Other Health Impairments

368

(36)

Who Are Students with Other Health Impairments

370

(14)

Defining Other Health Impairments

370

(1)

Describing the Characteristics

371

(12)

Identifying the Causes of Other Health Impairments

383

(1)

Identifying the Prevalence of Other Health Impairments

384

(1)

How Are Students with Other Health Impairments Evaluated?

384

(1)

Determining the Presence of Other Health Impairments

384

(1)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

385

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Strategies?

385

(11)

Set Curricular Goals

385

(2)

Implement Instruction

387

(7)

Observe Programs in Practice

394

(2)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

396

(5)

Practice Inclusion

396

(2)

Foster Collaboration

398

(3)

A Vision for Jacob's Future

401

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

402

(1)

Summary

402

(2)

Physical Disabilities

404

(34)

Who Are Students with Physical Disabilities?

406

(7)

Defining Physical Disabilities

406

(1)

Describing the Characteristics

406

(7)

Identifying the Prevalence of Physical Disabilities

413

(1)

Preventing Physical Disabilities

413

(1)

How Are Students with Physical Disabilities Evaluated?

413

(4)

Determining the Presence of Physical Disabilities

413

(2)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

415

(2)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

417

(13)

Set Curricular Goals

417

(1)

Implement Instruction

418

(7)

Observe Programs in Practice

425

(5)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

430

(5)

Practice Inclusion

430

(2)

Foster Collaboration

432

(3)

A Vision for Rommel's Future

435

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

436

(1)

Summary

436

(2)

Traumatic Brain Injury

438

(42)

Who Are Students with Traumatic Brain Injury?

440

(14)

Defining Traumatic Brain Injury

440

(4)

Describing the Characteristics

444

(8)

Identifying the Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury

452

(2)

Identifying the Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury

454

(1)

How Are Students with Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluated?

454

(5)

Determining the Presence of Traumatic Brain Injury

455

(3)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

458

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

459

(13)

Set Curricular Goals

459

(1)

Implement Instruction

459

(4)

Observe Programs in Practice

463

(9)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

472

(5)

Practice Inclusion

472

(1)

Foster Collaboration

473

(4)

A Vision for Jarris's Future

477

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

478

(1)

Summary

478

(2)

Communication Disorders

480

(36)

Who Are Students with Communication Disorders?

482

(15)

Defining Communication Disorders

482

(3)

Describing the Characteristics

485

(11)

Identifying the Causes of Communication Disorders

496

(1)

Identifying the Prevalence of Communication Disorders

496

(1)

How Are Students with Communication Disorders Evaluated?

497

(3)

Determining the Presence of Communication Disorders

497

(3)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

500

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

500

(8)

Set Curricular Goals

500

(1)

Implement Instruction

500

(5)

Observe Programs in Practice

505

(3)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

508

(4)

Practice Inclusion

508

(2)

Foster Collaboration

510

(2)

A Vision for Martin's Future

512

(2)

What Would You Recommend?

513

(1)

Summary

514

(2)

Hearing Loss

516

(40)

Who Are Students with Hearing Loss?

518

(12)

Defining Hearing Loss

518

(3)

Describing the Characteristics

521

(5)

Identifying the Causes of Hearing Loss

526

(3)

Identifying the Prevalence of Hearing Loss

529

(1)

How Are Students with Hearing Loss Evaluated?

530

(6)

Determining the Presence of Hearing Loss

530

(3)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

533

(3)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

536

(1)

Set Curricular Goals

536

(1)

Implement Instruction

537

(5)

Observe Programs in Practice

542

(3)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

545

(1)

Practice Inclusion

545

(3)

Foster Collaboration

548

(5)

A Vision for Amala's Future

553

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

553

(1)

Summary

553

(3)

Blindness and Low Vision

556

(41)

Who Are Students with Visual Impairment?

558

(10)

Defining Visual Impairment

558

(1)

Describing the Characteristics

559

(5)

Identifying the Causes of Visual Impairment

564

(3)

Identifying the Prevalence of Visual Impairment

567

(1)

How Are Students with Visual Impairments Evaluated?

568

(4)

Determining the Presence of a Visual Impairment

568

(3)

Determining the Nature and Extent of Special Education and Related Services

571

(1)

How Can You Establish Effective Teaching Practices?

572

(16)

Set Curricular Goals

572

(1)

Implement Instruction

572

(11)

Observe Programs in Practice

583

(5)

How Can You Encourage Participation?

588

(6)

Practice Inclusion

588

(2)

Foster Collaboration

590

(4)

A Vision for Elexis's Future:

594

(1)

What Would You Recommend?

594

(1)

Summary

594

(3)

Glossary

597

(8)

References

605

(36)

Name Index

641

(12)

Subject Index

653

(20)

Photo Credits

673

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