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Sociology of Education, The: A Systematic Analysis

ISBN: 9780130259745 | 0130259748
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2001

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SummaryTable of Contents
For junior/senior-level courses in Sociology of Education or Social Foundations of Education taught in sociology or education departments. Comprehensive, contemporary, and cross-cultural in perspective, this text provides a sociological approach to educationfrom several theoretical approaches and their practical application, to current educational issues, to the structure and processes that make education systems work.
Comprehensive, contemporary, and cross-cultural in perspective, this book provides a sociological... MORE
Prefacexiii
Sociology of Education: A Unique Perspective on Schools
1(26)
The Field of Sociology of Education
2(4)
... MORE3(1)
Why Study Sociology of Education?
3(2)
Kinds of Questions Asked by Sociologists of Education
5(1)
Theoretical Approaches and the Development of Sociology of Education
6(10)
Functionalist Theory
7(3)
Conflict Theory
10(3)
Interaction and Interpretive Theories
13(1)
Recent Theories in the Sociology of Education
14(2)
American Sociology of Education
16(1)
The Open Systems Approach
16(5)
Research Methods in Sociology of Education
21(1)
Sociology of Education in the Twenty-First Century
22(1)
Organization of the Book
23(4)
Summary
Sample study questions in sociology of Education
Putting Sociology to Work
Conflicting Functions and Processes in Education: What Makes the System Work
27(33)
Conflicting Functions of Education
27(2)
The Importance of Processes in Educational Systems
29(1)
The Function of Socialization: What We Learn and How We Learn It
29(7)
The Early Childhood Education Controversy
30(2)
Role of the Media and Commercials in Socialization
32(4)
The Function of Cultural Transmission and Process of Passing On Culture
36(11)
Some Factors Affecting Learning
37(1)
How to Pass On Culture
38(1)
What Culture to Pass On
39(8)
The Function of Social Control and Personal Development
47(4)
Violence and Discipline in Schools
48(3)
The Function of Selection and Allocation: The Sorting Process
51(4)
The Testing Game
52(2)
Achievement Tests
54(1)
The Function of Change and Innovation: The Process of Looking to the Future
55(5)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Education and the Process of Stratification
60(29)
The Crisis in Schooling
60(3)
Education and Stratification in America
60(2)
Education and Stratification Around the World
62(1)
The Process of Stratification: Is Inequality Inevitable?
63(9)
Determinants of Social Class
64(3)
Major Explanations of Stratification
67(5)
Stratification and Equality of Educational Opportunity
72(17)
The Meaning of ``Equality of Educational Opportunity''
72(1)
Social Class Reproduction: The Debate over Public versus Private Schools
73(2)
The Controversial Issue of ``Choice''
75(1)
Ability Grouping and Teacher Expectations
76(9)
Financing Schools in the United States
85(4)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Race, Class, and Gender: Attempts to Achieve Equality of Educational Opportunity
89(42)
Gender and Equality of Educational Opportunity
90(12)
Sex-Role Socialization
90(2)
Sex Differences in the Educational System
92(8)
Combating Gender Differences
100(2)
Class, Race, and Attempts to Rectify Inequalities in Educational Opportunity
102(9)
Trends in Public School Enrollments
102(2)
The Underclass and At-Risk Students
104(1)
Research on Equality of Educational Opportunity
104(2)
The Battle over Desgregation
106(1)
Court Cases on Desegregation
106(3)
Effects of Efforts to Desegregate Schools
109(1)
Student Goals, Aspirations, and Future Prospects
109(2)
Integration Attempts
111(5)
Educational Experience of Selected Minorities in the United States
116(10)
Hispanic Students
116(2)
Immigrants
118(2)
Asian American Students
120(1)
Native American Students
121(1)
Special Education Students
122(3)
Gifted Students
125(1)
Improving Schools for Minority Students
126(5)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
The School as an Organization
131(26)
Social System of the School
132(2)
Goals of the School System
134(3)
Societal and Community Goals
134(2)
School Goals
136(1)
Individual Goals
137(1)
School Functions: The Purposes of the School
137(2)
Diverse Functions
137(1)
Unanticipated Consequences of Functions
138(1)
Conflicting Goals and Functions
138(1)
The School as an Organization
139(10)
The School as a Bureaucracy
140(1)
Characteristics of Bureaucracy
140(5)
Development of Schools as Bureaucracies
145(2)
Problems in Educational Bureaucracies
147(1)
Schools as ``Loosely Coupled'' Organizations
148(1)
Centralized versus Decentralized Decision Making: The Fight over Control of Schools
149(4)
Centralization of Decision Making
150(1)
Decentralization
151(2)
Professionals in the Educational System
153(4)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Formal School Statuses and Roles: ``The Way It Spozed to Be''
157(29)
The Meaning of Roles
157(3)
Status and Roles in the System
157(1)
The School Organization and Roles
158(1)
Role Expectations and Conflict
159(1)
Perspectives on Roles
159(1)
Roles in Schools
160(26)
School Boards: Liaison Between School and Community
160(3)
Superintendent: Manager of the School System
163(3)
The Principal: School Boss-in-the-Middle
166(4)
Teachers: The Front Line
170(11)
Support Roles in the School: Behind the Scenes
181(5)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Students: The Core of the School
186(37)
Student Characteristics
186(6)
Expectations for the Student Role
188(1)
Learning the Student Role
189(2)
Conflicting Expectations for the Student Role
191(1)
Student Coping Mechanisms
191(1)
School Failures and Dropouts
192(13)
Who Drops Out?
193(2)
Why Students Drop Out
195(1)
Gangs and Schools
195(3)
School Crime and Violence
198(1)
Retention and Suspension: School Reactions to Problem Students
199(1)
Adolescent Employment and Dropping Out of School
200(1)
The Future for Dropouts
201(2)
Criticisms of the Student Role
203(2)
Students and the Informal System
205(8)
Student's Self-Concept
205(1)
School Value Climate and Student Achievement
205(2)
Teacher and Student Expectations
207(1)
Peer Groups and Student Culture
207(3)
Student Coping Strategies
210(3)
Students and Their Environments
213(10)
Effects of Home Environment on Educational Achievement
213(2)
Family Background and Parental Involvement
215(1)
Social Class Background
216(1)
Parenting Styles
217(1)
Family Aspirations
218(1)
Single-Parent Homes
218(1)
The Role of Mothers
219(1)
The Number of Siblings
219(4)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
The Informal System and the ``Hidden Curriculum'': What Really Happens in School?
223(23)
The Open Systems Approach and the Informal System
224(3)
The Hidden Curriculum
225(1)
Reproduction Theory and the Informal System
226(1)
The Educational ``Climate'' and School Effectiveness
227(11)
The Value Climate
228(1)
The School Climate and Effective Schools
229(2)
Classroom Learning Climate
231(2)
Student Friendship and Interaction Patterns in the Classroom
233(5)
Power Dynamics and Roles in the Informal System
238(8)
Theoretical Explanations of Power Dynamics in the Classroom
239(1)
Teacher Strategies and the Informal System
240(6)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
The Educational System and the Environment: A Symbiotic Relationship
246(21)
The Environment and the Educational System
247(3)
Types of Environments
248(2)
The School Systems' Environments: Interdependence Between Institutions
250(17)
Home and Family Influences on School
250(2)
The Institution of Religion: Separation of Church and State
252(4)
The Economics of Education: Financing Schools
256(5)
The Political and Legal Institution
261(2)
Communities and Their Schools
263(4)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
The System of Higher Education
267(52)
History and Development of Higher Education
268(4)
Historical Functions of Higher Education
268(1)
Trends in Development of Higher Education
269(3)
Theoretical Approaches to Higher Education
272(6)
The Expansion of Higher Education
273(1)
Access to Higher Education
274(1)
Stratification and Equal Opportunity in Higher Education
274(2)
Elite versus Public Colleges
276(1)
Admissions and the Courts
276(2)
Characteristics of Higher Education in the United States
278(2)
Growth of Higher Education
279(1)
The School-to-Work Transition and the Credential Crisis
279(1)
Functions of the Higher Education System
280(6)
The University as a Community
281(1)
The Function of Research
281(1)
The Function of Teaching
281(1)
The Function of Service
282(1)
The Function of the ``National Security State''
282(1)
Conflicts over the University's Function
282(1)
The Academic Function of Universities versus Big Business
283(2)
What Type of Curriculum?
285(1)
Higher Education as an Organization
286(4)
Higher Education Structure and the Bureaucratic Model: Does It Work?
286(4)
Roles in Higher Education
290(15)
Roles in Higher Education: The Clients
290(1)
Gender and Race in Higher Education
291(5)
The Graying of College Graduates
296(2)
Roles in Higher Education: The Faculty
298(1)
Faculty Issues in Higher Education
299(5)
Roles in Higher Education: Administrators
304(1)
Environmental Pressures on Higher Education
305(7)
Government Influence on Funding of Higher Education
305(2)
The Courts and Affirmative Action
307(4)
Environmental Feedback and Organizational Change
311(1)
Outcomes of Higher Education
312(3)
Higher Education: Attitudes, Values, and Behaviors
312(1)
The Value of a College Education
313(2)
Problems and Reform in Higher Education
315(4)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Educational Systems Around the World: A Comparative View
319(34)
Cross-Cultural Educational Studies
322(2)
Comparative Education as a Field of Study
322(2)
Comparative Education and the Systems Approach
324(1)
Approaches to Cross-Cultural Studies of Educational Systems
324(6)
Comparative International Studies of Achievement
325(5)
Theoretical Perspectives and Typologies in Comparative Education
330(9)
Modernization and Human Capital Perspectives
332(1)
``Legitimation of Knowledge'' Perspective
333(1)
Rich versus Poor: An Educational Typology
334(3)
World System Analysis
337(2)
Global Institutional Interdependence
339(14)
Education and the Institution of Religion
340(1)
Family, Social Class, and Education
341(1)
Education and Economic Institutions
342(3)
Political-Economic Divisions Between Societal Systems
345(2)
Higher Education Around the World
347(6)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Educational Systems Around the World: Case Studies
353(20)
Education in Britain
354(6)
Development of Education in Britain
354(2)
Control and Decision Making in Education
356(1)
Structure of the Educational System
356(1)
Composition of British Schools
357(1)
Exams and Credentials
358(1)
Inequality in Education and Occupational Mobility
358(1)
Higher Education in Great Britain: Elite versus Mass Education
359(1)
Education in the People's Republic of China
360(5)
Recent Historical Events Affecting China
361(1)
The Drive Toward Modernization
361(2)
Status and Structure of Education in China
363(1)
Higher Education in PRC
364(1)
Formal Education in Colonial Africa
365(8)
History of Ghanaian Education
366(1)
Forms of Education
367(2)
Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System
369(1)
Equality of Opportunity in Ghanaian Education
369(1)
Higher Education
370(3)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Educational Movements and Reform
373(24)
The Nature of Educational Movements
375(2)
Educational Movements Throughout History
377(4)
Early European Education: Purpose and Function for Society
377(1)
Educational Movements in the United States
378(3)
Alternative Education and Related Movements
381(8)
Third World Alternative Educational Movements
382(1)
English Primary Schools
382(1)
Open Classrooms
383(1)
Back to Basics
384(2)
Private Schools
386(1)
Accountability Movements
387(1)
Effective Schools and Educational Reform
388(1)
Structural and Curricular Changes in the Schools
389(8)
The ``School Choice'' Movement
389(2)
``Multiculturalism'' and ``Political Correctness'
391(1)
Technology and the Classroom
392(1)
Other Movements, Reforms, and Fads
392(5)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
Change and Planning in Educational Systems
397(5)
The Dynamics of Change
398(5)
Change and Levels of Analysis
399(2)
Sources of Change
401(2)
Perspectives on Change
403(5)
Structural-Functional Approach to Change
403(3)
Conflict Approach to Change
406(1)
Open Systems Approach to Change
406(2)
Bringing About Change
408(2)
Individual in the System
409(1)
Change at the School Level
409(1)
Strategies for School Change
410(4)
Types of Strategies
411(2)
Obstacles and Resistance to Implementation of Change
413(1)
The Sociologist's Role in Educational Change and Policy Formation
414(4)
Summary
Putting Sociology to Work
EPILOGUE Schools in the Early Twenty-First Century418(8)
Demographic Trends
418(1)
Family, Economic, and Social Trends
419(3)
Schools in the New Century
422(1)
Reform and Policy in Educational Systems
423(1)
The National Educational Goals
423(1)
Some Things We Have Learned
424(2)
References426(43)
Index469

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