Rent 9780073307015 | The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People, Volume I

Summary Table of Contents

Known for its clear narrative voice, impeccable scholarship, and affordability, Alan Brinkley' s "The Unfinished Nation" offers a concise but comprehensive examination of American History. Balancing social and cultural history with traditional political and diplomatic themes, it tells the story of the diversity and complexity of the United States and the forces that have enabled it to survive and flourish despite division. This fifth edition of Volume 1 includes coverage of events and developments through the year 1877 and features two new essays.

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List of Illustrations	p. xv
List of Maps and Charts	p. xviii
Preface	p. xxi
The Meeting of Cultures	p. 2
America Before Columbus	p. 4
The Civilizations of the South	p. 4
The Civilizations of the North	p. 4
Europe Looks Westward	p. 7
Commerce and Nationalist	p. 8
Christopher Columbus	p. 8
The Spanish Empire	p. 10
Northern Outposts	p. 12
Biological and Cultural Exchanges	p. 12
Africa and America	p. 16
The Arrival of the English	p. 19
Incentives for Colonization	p. 19
The French and the Dutch in America	p. 22
The First English Settlements	p. 22
Debating the Past: The American Population Before Columbus	p. 14
America in the World: The Atlantic Context of Early American History	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 24
For Further Reference	p. 25
Transplantations and Borderlands	p. 26
The Early Chesapeake	p. 28
The Founding of Jamestown	p. 28
Reorganization and Expansion	p. 28
Exchanges of Agricultural Technology	p. 31
Maryland and The Calverts	p. 32
Bacon's Rebellion	p. 34
The Growth of New England	p. 35
Plymouth Plantation	p. 35
The Massachusetts Bay Experiment	p. 37
The Expansion of New England	p. 38
Settlers and Natives	p. 40
King Philip's War and the Technology of Battle	p. 40
The Restoration Colonies	p. 42
The English Civil War	p. 42
The Carolinas	p. 43
New Netherlands New York, and New Jersey	p. 44
The Quaker Colonies	p. 45
Borderlands and Middle Grounds	p. 46
The Caribbean Islands	p. 47
Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean	p. 47
The Southwestern Borderlands	p. 48
The Southeast Borderlands	p. 50
The Founding of Georgia	p. 51
Middle Grounds	p. 52
The Development of Empire	p. 55
The Dominion of New England	p. 55
The "Glorious Revolution"	p. 56
Debating the Past: Native Americans and "The Middle Ground"	p. 54
Conclusion	p. 57
For Further Reference	p. 58
Society and Culture in Provincial America	p. 60
The Colonial Population	p. 62
Indentured Servitude	p. 62
Birth and Death	p. 62
Medicine in the Colonies	p. 63
Women and Families in the Colonies	p. 64
The Beginnings of Slavery in English America	p. 65
Changing Sources of European Immigration	p. 67
The Colonial Economies	p. 71
The Southern Economy	p. 71
Northern Economic and Technological Life	p. 72
The Extent and Limits of Technology	p. 73
The Rise of Colonial Commerce	p. 74
The Rise of Consumerism	p. 75
Patterns of Society	p. 76
Masters and Slaves on the Plantation	p. 77
The Puritan Community	p. 78
Cities	p. 81
Awakenings and Enlightenments	p. 83
The Pattern of Religions	p. 83
The Great Awakening	p. 84
The Enlightenment	p. 85
Literacy and Technology	p. 85
Education	p. 86
The Spread of Science	p. 88
Concepts of Law and Politics	p. 88
Debating the Past: The Origins of Slavery	p. 68
Debating the Past: The Withcraft Trials	p. 82
Conclusion	p. 90
For Further Reference	p. 91
The Empire in Transition	p. 92
Loosening Ties	p. 93
A Decentralized Empire	p. 94
The Colonies Divided	p. 94
The Struggle for the Continent	p. 95
New France and the Iroquois Nation	p. 95
Anglo-French Conflicts	p. 96
The Great War for the Empire	p. 97
The New Imperialism	p. 99
Burdens of Empire	p. 99
The British and the Tribes	p. 101
Battles over Trade and Taxes	p. 102
Stirrings of Revolt	p. 103
The Stamp Act Crisis	p. 103
The Townshend Program	p. 104
The Boston Massacre	p. 105
The Philosophy of Revolt	p. 107
Sites of Resistance	p. 108
The Tea Excitement	p. 109
Cooperation and War	p. 111
New Sources of Authority	p. 111
Lexington and Concord	p. 113
Conclusion	p. 114
For Further Reference	p. 115
The American Revolution	p. 116
The States United	p. 118
Defining American War Aims	p. 118
The Declaration of Independence	p. 118
Mobilizing for War	p. 119
The War for Independence	p. 122
The First Phase: New England	p. 122
The Second Phase: The Mid-Atlantic Region	p. 122
Securing Aid from Abroad	p. 125
The Final Phase: The South	p. 126
Winning the Peace	p. 128
War and Society	p. 129
Loyalists and Minorities	p. 129
The War and Slavery	p. 131
Native Americans and the Revolution	p. 133
Women's Rights and Women's Roles	p. 133
The War Economy	p. 134
The Creation of State Governments	p. 135
The Assumptions of Republicanism	p. 135
The First State Constitutions	p. 136
Revising State Governments	p. 136
Toleration and Slavery	p. 137
The Search for a National Government	p. 137
The Confederation	p. 138
Diplomatic Failures	p. 138
The Confederation and the Northwest	p. 139
Indians and the Western Lands	p. 141
Debts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays	p. 141
Debating the Past: The American Revolution	p. 120
America in the World: The Age of Revolutions	p. 130
Conclusion	p. 143
For Further Reference	p. 144
The Constitution and the New Republic	p. 146
Framing a New Government	p. 147
Advocates of Reform	p. 148
A Divided Convention	p. 148
Compromise	p. 150
The Constitution of 1787	p. 151
Adoption and Adaptation	p. 152
Federalists and Antifederalists	p. 152
Completing the Structure	p. 154
Federalists and Republicans	p. 155
Hamilton and the Federalists	p. 155
Enacting the Federalist Program	p. 156
The Republican Opposition	p. 157
Establishing National Sovereignty	p. 158
Securing the West	p. 158
Maintaining Neutrality	p. 160
The Downfall of the Federalists	p. 161
The Election of 1796	p. 161
The Quasi War with France	p. 161
Repression and Protest	p. 162
The "Revolution" of 1800	p. 164
Conclusion	p. 165
For Further Reference	p. 165
The Jeffersonian Era	p. 168
The Rise of Cultural Nationalism	p. 170
Educational and Literary Nationalism	p. 170
Medicine and Science	p. 171
Cultural Aspirations of the New Nation	p. 172
Religion and Revivalism	p. 173
Stirrings of Industrialism	p. 175
Technology in America	p. 175
Transportation Innovations	p. 177
Country and City	p. 180
Jefferson the President	p. 180
The Federal City and the "People's President"	p. 181
Dollars and Ships	p. 182
Conflict with the Courts	p. 183
Doubling the National Domain	p. 184
Jefferson and Napoleon	p. 184
The Louisiana Purchase	p. 186
Exploring the West	p. 186
The Burr Conspiracy	p. 187
Expansion and War	p. 189
Conflict on the Seas	p. 190
Impressment	p. 190
"Peaceable Coercion"	p. 191
The "Indian Problem" and the British	p. 192
Tecumseh and the Prophet	p. 193
Florida and War Fever	p. 194
The War of 1812	p. 195
Battles with the Tribes	p. 195
Battles with the British	p. 196
The Revolt of New England	p. 196
The Peace Settlement	p. 199
America in the World: The Global Industrial Revolution	p. 178
Conclusion	p. 199
For Further Reference	p. 200
Varieties of American Nationalism	p. 202
Stabilizing Economic Growth	p. 203
The Government and Economic Growth	p. 204
Transportation	p. 204
Expanding Westward	p. 206
The Great Migration	p. 207
White Settlers in the Old Northwest	p. 207
The Plantation System in the Old Southwest	p. 208
Trade and Trapping in the Far West	p. 208
Eastern Images of the West	p. 209
The "Era of Good Feelings"	p. 210
The End of the First Party System	p. 210
John Quincy Adams and Florida	p. 212
The Panic of 1819	p. 213
Sectionalism and Nationalism	p. 213
The Missouri Compromise	p. 213
Marshall and the Court	p. 215
The Court and the Tribes	p. 217
The Latin American Revolution and the Monroe Doctrine	p. 218
The Revival of Opposition	p. 219
The "Corrupt Bargain"	p. 219
The Second President Adams	p. 220
Jackson Triumphant	p. 220
Conclusion	p. 221
For Further Reference	p. 222
Jacksonian America	p. 224
The Rise of Mass Politics	p. 225
The Expanding Electorate	p. 226
The Legitimization of Party	p. 228
President of the Common Man	p. 228
"Our Federal Union"	p. 229
Calhoun and Nullification	p. 231
The Rise of Van Buren	p. 231
The Webster-Hayne Debate	p. 232
The Nullification Crisis	p. 232
The Removal of the Indians	p. 233
White Attitudes toward the Tribes	p. 233
The "Five Civilized Tribes"	p. 233
Trails of Tears	p. 234
The Meaning of Removal	p. 236
Jackson and the Bank War	p. 236
Biddle's Institution	p. 237
The "Monster" Destroyed	p. 237
The Taney Court	p. 238
The Emergence of the Second Party System	p. 239
The Two Parties	p. 239
Politics after Jackson	p. 241
The Panic of 1837	p. 241
The Van Buren Program	p. 242
The Log Cabin Campaign	p. 243
The Frustration of the Whigs	p. 245
Whig Diplomacy	p. 245
Debating the Past: Jacksonian Democracy	p. 230
Conclusion	p. 246
For Further Reference	p. 247
America's Economic Revolution	p. 248
The Changing American Population	p. 249
Population Trends	p. 250
Immigration and Urban Growth, 1840-1860	p. 250
The Rise of Nativism	p. 252
Transportation and Communications Revolutions	p. 253
The Canal Age	p. 253
The Early Railroads	p. 255
The Triumph of the Rails	p. 256
The Telegraph	p. 256
New Forms of Journalism	p. 258
Commerce and Industry	p. 259
The Expansion of Business, 1820-1840	p. 259
The Emergence of the Factory	p. 259
Advances in Technology	p. 260
Innovations in Corporate Organization	p. 261
Men and Women at Work	p. 262
Recruiting a Native Work Force	p. 262
The Immigrant Work Force	p. 264
The Factory System and the Artisan Tradition	p. 264
Fighting for Control	p. 265
Patterns of Society	p. 266
The Rich and the Poor	p. 266
Social Mobility	p. 268
Middle-Class Life	p. 268
The Changing Family	p. 269
The "Cult of Domesticity"	p. 270
Leisure Activities	p. 271
The Agricultural North	p. 272
Northeastern Agriculture	p. 272
The Old Northwest	p. 273
Rural Life	p. 275
Conclusion	p. 276
For Further Reference	p. 276
Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South	p. 278
The Cotton Economy	p. 280
The Rise of King Cotton	p. 280
Southern Trade and Industry	p. 282
Sources of Southern Difference	p. 284
Southern White Society	p. 285
The Planter Class	p. 285
The "Southern Lady"	p. 286
The Plain Folk	p. 287
Slavery: The "Peculiar Institution"	p. 289
Varieties of Slavery	p. 289
Life under Slavery	p. 291
Slavery in the Cities	p. 293
Free Blacks	p. 293
Slave Resistance	p. 294
The Culture of Slavery	p. 296
Slave Religion	p. 296
Language and Music	p. 297
The Slave Family	p. 298
Debating the Past: The Character of Slavery	p. 290
Conclusion	p. 299
For Further Reference	p. 299
Antebellum Culture and Reform	p. 302
The Romantic Impulse	p. 304
Nationalism and Romanticism in American Painting	p. 304
An American Literature	p. 304
Literature in the Antebellum South	p. 306
The Transcendentalists	p. 307
The Defense of Nature	p. 308
Visions of Utopia	p. 308
Redefining Gender Roles	p. 310
The Mormons	p. 311
Remaking Society	p. 312
Revivalism, Morality, and Order	p. 312
Health, Science, and Phrenology	p. 312
Medical Science	p. 315
Education	p. 315
Rehabilitation	p. 316
The Rise of Feminism	p. 317
The Crusade against Slavery	p. 318
Early Opposition to Slavery	p. 318
Garrison and Abolitionism	p. 319
Black Abolitionists	p. 319
Anti-Abolitionism	p. 322
Abolitionism Divided	p. 323
America in the World: The Abolition of Slavery	p. 320
Conclusion	p. 324
For Further Reference	p. 325
The Impending Crisis	p. 326
Looking Westward	p. 327
Manifest Destiny	p. 328
Americans in Texas	p. 328
Oregon	p. 329
The Westward Migration	p. 330
Expansion and War	p. 332
The Democrats and Expansion	p. 332
The Southwest and California	p. 334
The Mexican War	p. 335
The Sectional Debate	p. 338
Slavery and the Territories	p. 338
The California Gold Rush	p. 339
Rising Sectional Tensions	p. 340
The Compromise of 1850	p. 341
The Crises of the 1850s	p. 343
The Uneasy Truce	p. 343
"Young America"	p. 343
Slavery, Railroads, and the West	p. 344
The Kansas-Nebraska Controversy	p. 344
"Bleeding Kansas"	p. 345
The Free-Soil Ideology	p. 346
The Pro-Slavery Argument	p. 347
Buchanan and Depression	p. 348
The Dred Scott Decision	p. 349
Deadlock over Kansas	p. 349
The Emergence of Lincoln	p. 350
John Brown's Raid	p. 351
The Election of Lincoln	p. 352
Conclusion	p. 353
For Further Reference	p. 354
The Civil War	p. 356
The Secession Crisis	p. 357
The Withdrawal of the South	p. 357
The Failure of Compromise	p. 358
The Opposing Sides	p. 360
The Mobilization of the North	p. 360
Economic Nationalism	p. 360
Raising the Union Armies	p. 361
Wartime Leadership and Politics	p. 362
The Politics of Emancipation	p. 363
African Americans and the Union Cause	p. 364
Women, Nursing, and the War	p. 365
The Mobilization of the South	p. 365
Confederate Government	p. 366
Money and Manpower	p. 367
Economic and Social Effects of the War	p. 368
Strategy and Diplomacy	p. 369
The Commanders	p. 369
The Role of Sea Power	p. 372
Europe and the Disunited States	p. 374
Campaigns and Battles	p. 375
The Technology of War	p. 375
The Opening Clashes, 1861	p. 377
The Western Theater, 1862	p. 377
The Virginia Front, 1862	p. 379
1863: Year of Decision	p. 382
The Last Stage, 1864-1865	p. 385
Debating the Past: The Causes of the Civil War	p. 359
America in the World: The Consolidation of Nations	p. 370
Conclusion	p. 389
For Further Reference	p. 389
Reconstruction and the New South	p. 392
The Problems of Peacemaking	p. 394
The Aftermath of War and Emancipation	p. 394
Competing Notions of Freedom	p. 394
Plans for Reconstruction	p. 396
The Death of Lincoln	p. 397
Johnson and "Restoration"	p. 399
Radical Reconstruction	p. 399
The Black Codes	p. 399
The Fourteenth Amendment	p. 401
The Congressional Plan	p. 402
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	p. 403
The South in Reconstruction	p. 404
The Reconstruction Governments	p. 404
Education	p. 405
Landownership and Tenancy	p. 406
Incomes and Credit	p. 406
The African-American Family in Freedom	p. 407
The Grant Administration	p. 408
The Soldier President	p. 409
The Grant Scandals	p. 409
The Greenback Question	p. 410
Republican Diplomacy	p. 410
The Abandonment of Reconstruction	p. 411
The Southern States "Redeemed"	p. 411
Waning Northern Commitment	p. 412
The Compromise of 1877	p. 412
The Legacy of Reconstruction	p. 414
The New South	p. 415
The "Redeemers"	p. 415
Industrialization and the "New South"	p. 415
Tenants and Sharecroppers	p. 417
African Americans and the New South	p. 418
The Birth of Jim Crow	p. 419
Debating the Past: Reconstruction	p. 400
Conclusion	p. 422
For Further Reference	p. 423
Appendices	p. A-1
Index	p. I-1
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