Providing a state of the art in the field of available and future biomass resources, energy systems using biomass and optimization and control of systems and processes. It covers biomass resources globally, but also complex systems like biorefineries, polygeneration and pulp and paper industry (E.g. Henan Tianguan plant producing 500 000 m3 ethanol and 150 x 106m3 biogas per year), as well as chemicals used as feed stocks for plastics. Other examples are using wood for textiles and food additives as nano-fibers. In forest industries biomass is used primarily for production of paper and paper products, whereas in the future one will see a much wider use of the wood and other biomass resources. The authors of the book chapters are well-qualified researchers and engineers in different aspects of the biomass uitilization from most parts of the world, providing a good coverage of the global devleopments in this area.