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Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care : An Integrated Approach
ISBN: 9780827351189 | 0827351186
Edition: 2ndFormat: Paperback
Publisher: ITP DELMAR
Pub. Date: 4/1/1993
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This book combines the theoretical knowledge and psychomotor skills required to perform the required to practice the art and science of respiratory care. Other books only present the psychomotor aspects of a skill or procedure (monkey see monkey do). This is the only text that integrates the theory knowledge and the practical skills in one concise manual. By combining both aspects of procedural performance, indications, contraindications, assessment and outcomes may be more thoroughly emphasized. The inclusion of the American Association for Respiratory Care Clinical Practice Guidelines lends credibility to this approach. The clinical practice guidelines emphasize the importance of assessment of need, contraindications, hazards/complications, monitoring and outcomes assessment. Simply providing a "cook book" approach to a skill or procedure negates the importance of the theory required to perform adequate assessment and document outcomes of a given therapeutic intervention.
| List of Performance Evaluations | p. ix |
| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction to the Text | p. xii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
| List of Contributors | p. xiii |
| Patient Assessment | |
| Basics of Asepsis | p. 1 |
| Microorganism Transmission | |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines | |
| Handwashing | |
| Aseptic G... MORE | |
| Aseptic Application of Surgical Latex Gloves | |
| Double-Bagging of Equipment and Supplies | |
| Aseptic Removal of Isolation Attire | |
| Basic Patient Assessment: Vital Signs and Breath Sounds | p. 15 |
| Body Temperature | |
| Pulse | |
| Respiratory Rate | |
| Blood Pressure | |
| Sound | |
| Measuring Body Temperature | |
| Measuring Oral Temperature | |
| Measuring the Pulse | |
| Measuring Respiratory Rate | |
| Assessing Blood Pressure | |
| Auscultation of Breath Sounds | |
| Advanced Patient Assessment: Inspection, Palpation, and Percussion | p. 33 |
| Chest Landmarks for Assessment | |
| Assessment Techniques and Abnormal Findings | |
| Preexamination and Other Considerations | |
| Inspection of the Chest | |
| Radiologic Assessment | p. 47 |
| Production of a Chest Radiograph | |
| Radiodensity of Common Materials | |
| X-Ray Views of the Chest | |
| The Normal Chest Radiograph | |
| Common Abnormalities on the Chest Radiograph | |
| Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning | |
| Pulmonary Angiography | |
| Computed Tomography of the Chest | |
| Chest Film Orientation | |
| Rotation and Penetration | |
| Viewing the Chest Radiograph | |
| Pulmonary Function Testing | p. 69 |
| Rationale for Bedside Monitoring | |
| Equipment Used in Measuring Bedside Parameters | |
| Bedside Measurements | |
| Basic Spirometry | |
| Capacities and Their Significance | |
| The Forced Vital Capacity Tracing | |
| Maximum Voluntary Ventilation | |
| ATPS to BTPS Conversion | |
| Flow-Volume Loops | |
| Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity and Residual Volume | |
| Diffusion: Single Breath Carbon Monoxide Test | |
| Hazards of Pulmonary Function Testing | |
| Bedside Monitoring: Equipment Assembly and Testing | |
| Preparation of the Collins Water Seal Spirometer | |
| Patient Factors in Spirometry | |
| Measuring the Bedside Pulmonary Function Parameters | |
| Basic Spirometry: Using the Collins Water Seal Spirometer | |
| Pulmonary Function Tests | |
| Measuring and Calculating Components of a Pulmonary Function Testing Tracing | |
| Measuring and Calculating the Forced Vital Capacity | |
| Maximum Voluntary Ventilation | |
| Conversion from ATPS to BTPS | |
| Calculating Predicted Values | |
| Interpretation of the Results | |
| Electrocardiography | p. 101 |
| Electrical Physiology of the Heart | |
| The Normal ECG and the Electrical Activity of the Heart | |
| The Twelve Leads of an ECG | |
| Dangerous and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias | |
| ECG Artifact | |
| Electrocardiograph Equipment | |
| Equipment Required for an Electrocardiogram | |
| Patient Positioning | |
| Lead Placement | |
| Arrhythmia Recognition | |
| Operating the Electrocardiograph Machine | |
| Artifact Recognition | |
| Proper Handling of an Electrocardiographic Tracing | |
| Phlebotomy | p. 115 |
| Obligations Related to Performance of Phlebotomy | |
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | |
| Equipment | |
| Venipuncture Technique | |
| Arterial Blood Gas Sampling | p. 127 |
| Anatomical Locations for Arterial Puncture | |
| Complications of Arterial Puncture | |
| Blood Gas Sampling Errors | |
| Capillary Blood Gas Sampling | |
| Supplies Needed for Arterial Puncture | |
| Puncture Techniques | |
| Postpuncture Care | |
| Indwelling Arterial Catheter Sampling | |
| Supplies for Capillary Sampling | |
| Standard Precautions | |
| Arterialization of the Puncture Site | |
| Site Preparation | |
| Obtaining the Sample | |
| Care of the Sample | |
| Care of the Puncture Site | |
| Hemodynamic monitoring | p. 145 |
| Pascal's Law | |
| Transducers | |
| Central Venous Pressure Catheters | |
| Pulmonary Artery Catheters or Swan-Ganz Catheters | |
| Normal Pressure Ranges | |
| Clinical Applications of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter | |
| Case Studies Illustrating the Application of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter | |
| Arterial Lines | |
| Hazards with Indwelling Vascular Catheters | |
| Equipment Required for Hemodynamic Monitoring | |
| Equipment Setup and Preparation | |
| Zeroing the Transducer | |
| Identification of the Phlebostatic Axis | |
| Wave Form Damping | |
| Obtaining a Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure | |
| Overwedging of the Balloon | |
| Cardiac Output Determination | |
| Arterial Line Maintenance | |
| Zeroing an Arterial Line | |
| Noninvasive Monitoring | p. 165 |
| Rationale for Noninvasive Monitoring | |
| Noninvasive Monitoring Equipment | |
| Limitations of Noninvasive Monitoring | |
| Hazards of Noninvasive Monitoring | |
| Assembly, Troubleshooting, and Calibration | |
| Therapeutics | |
| Documentation and Goals Assessment | p. 181 |
| The Medical Record | |
| Goals Assessment and Documentation | |
| Documentation Guidelines and Abbreviations | |
| Oxygen Supply Systems | p. 193 |
| Medical Gas Cylinders | |
| Medical Gas Piping Systems | |
| Using Medical Gas Cylinders | |
| Use of Portable Liquid Oxygen Systems | |
| Use of an Oxygen Concentrator | |
| Use of Air/Oxygen Blenders | |
| Oxygen Administration | p. 219 |
| Indications for Oxygen Therapy | |
| Low-Flow Oxygen Devices | |
| High-Flow Oxygen Delivery Systems | |
| Clinical Applications of Low-Flow and High-Flow Oxygen Systems | |
| Humidification | |
| Enclosures | |
| Hazards of Oxygen Therapy | |
| Introduction to Respiratory Care Pharmacology | p. 239 |
| Receptor Site Theory | |
| Mechanisms of Bronchospasm | |
| Sympathomimetic Drugs | |
| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | |
| Anticholinergic Drugs | |
| Corticosteroids in Respiratory Care | |
| Cromolyn Sodium and Asthma Management | |
| Mucokinetic Agents | |
| Use of Bland Aerosols in Respiratory Care | |
| Aerosolized Antimicrobial Agents | |
| Metered Dose Inhalers | |
| Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI) | |
| Metered Dose Inhaler | |
| Use of a Spacer with a Metered Dose Inhaler | |
| Dry Powder Inhalers | |
| Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | p. 255 |
| What Is Humidity and What Is Aerosol? | |
| Equipment for Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
| Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
| Aerosol/Oxygen Delivery Devices | |
| Bronchial Hygiene Therapy | p. 277 |
| Body Alignment and Stance | |
| General Guidelines for Moving Patients | |
| Safety Devices | |
| Chest Percussion and Postural Drainage | |
| Other Therapies for Bronchial Hygiene | |
| General Guidelines | |
| Patient Positioning | |
| Use of Restraints | |
| Manual Beds | |
| Percussion Technique | |
| Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy | |
| Flutter Valve Therapy | |
| High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Therapy Administration | |
| Adjunctive Breathing Techniques | |
| Hyperinflation Therapy | p. 317 |
| Hyperventilation Modalities | |
| Goals of and Indications for Hyperinflation Therapy | |
| Hazards and Complications of Hyperventilation Therapy | |
| Incentive Spirometers | |
| The Bird Mark 7 Ventilator | |
| The Bennett PR-2 Ventilator | |
| Bennett AP-5 Ventilator | |
| Percussionaire IPV-1 | |
| Incentive Spirometry | |
| IPPB Therapy | |
| Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation Therapy | |
| Bronchoscopy Assisting | p. 351 |
| Therapeutic and Diagnostic Bronchoscopy | |
| Indications for Bronchoscopy | |
| Rigid and Flexible Bronchoscopes | |
| Types of Instruments | |
| Types of Sample Testing and Analysis | |
| Solutions Used to Fix or Prepare Samples for Testing | |
| Personal Protective Equipment | |
| Bronchoscopy Room or Suite | |
| Medications Employed for Anesthesia and Analgesia | |
| Patient Monitoring | |
| Hazards and Complications of Bronchoscopy | |
| Equipment Preparation | |
| Documentation Preparation | |
| Patient Preparation | |
| Supplemental Oxygen | |
| Bronchoscopy Assisting | |
| Specimen Preparation | |
| Bronchoalveolar Lavage | |
| Patient Monitoring | |
| Bronchoscopy During Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Documentation | |
| Cleaning the Bronchoscope | |
| Sample Delivery | |
| Equipment Processing and Surveillance | p. 369 |
| Related Microbiology | |
| Equipment Processing Terms | |
| Equipment Processing Methods | |
| Facility Design for Equipment Processing | |
| Bacteriological Surveillance Programs | |
| Data Utilization | |
| Output Sampling With the Aerotest | |
| Swab Sampling | |
| Surveillance Records | |
| Processing Respiratory Care Equipment | |
| Emergency Management | |
| Emergency Airway Management | p. 383 |
| Anatomy of the Upper Airway | |
| Reflexes of the Upper Airway | |
| Upper Airway Obstruction | |
| Resuscitators | |
| Importance of Inspiratory-Expiratory Ratio During Resuscitation | |
| Intubation: What Is It? | |
| Complications of Intubation | |
| Patient Positioning to Relieve Upper Airway Obstruction | |
| Airway Insertion | |
| Preparation of Manual Resuscitators | |
| Ventilation with a Manual Resuscitator | |
| Equipment Preparation and Assembly for Intubation | |
| Intubation Techniques | |
| Extubation | |
| Artificial Airway Care | p. 415 |
| Suctioning | |
| Cuff Pressure Monitoring | |
| Tracheostomy and Stoma Care | |
| Suctioning Procedure | |
| Cuff Pressure Measurement | |
| Tracheostomy Care Procedure | |
| Stoma Care Procedure | |
| Chest Tubes | p. 443 |
| Chest Tubes: Basic Principles | |
| Chest Drainage System | |
| Assisting with Chest Tube Placement | |
| Setup and Maintenance of the Chest Drainage System | |
| Insertion and Maintenance of Intravenous Lines | p. 453 |
| The Principles of Intravenous Therapy | |
| Intravenous Fluid Properties | |
| Locating Acceptable Sites for Intravenous Needle Placement | |
| Complications of Intravenous Therapy | |
| Maintenance of Intravenous Infusions | |
| Drip Rate Calculations | |
| Supplies Needed for Intravenous Cannulation | |
| Venipuncture Procedure | |
| Maintenance of Intravenous Infusions | |
| Discontinuing Intravenous Therapy | |
| Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping | p. 471 |
| Cardiac Anatomy | |
| Cardiac Physiology | |
| Cardiac Pathology | |
| Fundamental Principles of IABP Therapy | |
| Ventilation | |
| Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | p. 495 |
| Definition of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| Indications for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| Assessment of the Patient for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| Patient-Ventilator Interface In Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| Hazards and Complications of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| How Resistance and Compliance Affect Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| Modes of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| Supplemental Oxygen Delivery | |
| Patient Monitoring | |
| Patient Assessment for NPPV | |
| Assembly and Testing of the Ventilator | |
| Mask Selection | |
| Ventilator Settings | |
| Patient Monitoring | |
| Patient Charting | |
| Continuous Mechanical Ventilation | p. 513 |
| What is Continuous Mechanical Ventilation? | |
| Indications for Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Criteria for Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Hazards and Complications of Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Assessing the Patient for Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Equipment Requirements | |
| Establishing Ordered Ventilator Settings | |
| Special Ventilatory Functions | |
| Alarms | |
| Monitoring the Patient-Ventilator System | |
| Documentation of Ventilator Settings | |
| Documentation of Patient Values | |
| Changing a Ventilator Circuit | |
| Special Ventilatory Procedures | p. 581 |
| PEEP and CPAP | |
| Physiological Effects of PEEP and CPAP | |
| Weaning Methods and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Specialized Monitoring Procedures | |
| Static and Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curves | |
| Criteria for Weaning | |
| Physiological Effects of Weaning | |
| Positive End-Expiratory Pressure | |
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | |
| Initiation of CPAP and PEEP | |
| PEEP Trial | |
| Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation | |
| Initiation of IMV or of IMV with CPAP | |
| Pressure Support | |
| AMV and EMMV | |
| Flow Triggering | |
| Measurement of V[subscript D]/V[subscript T] | |
| Measurement of Static and Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curves | |
| Measurement of Spontaneous Parameters | |
| Wave form Analysis | p. 643 |
| Common Wave Forms | |
| Wave Form Morphologies | |
| Analysis of Specific Wave Forms | |
| Wave Form Interpretation | |
| Clinical Criteria for Appropriate Wave Form Selection | |
| Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | p. 657 |
| Basics of Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Indications for Mechanical Ventilation in the Newborn | |
| Underlying Conditions That May Contribute to Respiratory Failure | |
| Newborn Ventilatory Support Concepts | |
| Hazards and Complications of Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Assessing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation | |
| Equipment Requirements | |
| Establishing Ordered Ventilator Settings | |
| Alarms | |
| Patient Monitoring and Assessment | |
| Ventilator Monitoring | |
| Answers to Self-Evaluation Post Tests | p. 681 |
| Glossary | p. 683 |
| Index | p. 695 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
