Rent 9780827355255 | Basic Allied Health Statistics and Analysis

Summary Table of Contents

This text is designed to provide health care students and professionals with an understanding of the terms, definitions, and formulas used in computing health care statistics.

Preface	p. ix
Reporting Statistical Data	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Statistics and Data	p. 2
Scope of Book	p. 3
Statistical Data Terms and Definitions	p. 3
Population vs. Sample	p. 3
Constant vs. Variable	p. 4
Nominal vs. Ordinal Data	p. 4
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Variables	p. 5
Discr... MOREete vs. Continuous Data	p. 5
Ungrouped vs. Grouped Data	p. 5
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics	p. 6
Morbidity vs. Mortality	p. 6
Demographic Variables	p. 6
Vital Statistics	p. 6
Computerized Data	p. 7
Use	p. 7
Accuracy	p. 7
Patient Data Collection	p. 7
Types of Data Collected	p. 7
Abbreviations	p. 8
Patient Care	p. 8
Statistical	p. 9
Clinical Units (Some of the More Common Designations)	p. 9
Non-Official Abbreviations	p. 9
Uses of Data	p. 10
Summary	p. 10
Chapter 1 Test	p. 11
Mathematical Review	p. 13
Fractions	p. 14
Numerator	p. 14
Denominator	p. 14
Quotient	p. 14
Decimals	p. 15
Percentages	p. 15
Rates	p. 15
Ratio/Proportion	p. 16
Averaging	p. 16
Rounding Data	p. 17
Conversion to Another Form	p. 19
Fraction to Percentage	p. 19
Ratio to Percentage	p. 19
Decimal to Percentage	p. 19
Percentage to Decimal	p. 20
Percentage to Fraction	p. 20
Computing with a Percentage	p. 21
Summary	p. 21
Chapter 2 Test	p. 22
Health Care Overview and Statistical Data Collection	p. 24
Health Care Overview	p. 26
Health Care Facilities/Health Care	p. 26
Hospital (Acute Care) (Short Term Care)	p. 26
Long Term Care Facility (LTC); Extended Care Facility (ECF); Nursing Home (NH)	p. 26
Specialized Facilities	p. 26
Outpatient (OP) Care	p. 27
Terms	p. 27
Ambulatory Care	p. 28
Home Care	p. 28
Hospice Care	p. 28
Respite Care	p. 28
Payers (Payment Providers)	p. 29
Insurance Carriers	p. 29
PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)	p. 29
HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)	p. 29
Self-Pay	p. 29
Bed/Bassinet Classification	p. 29
Beds	p. 29
Beds by Age Classification	p. 30
Other Beds	p. 30
Bassinets	p. 30
Medical Care/Medical Staff/Medical Service Units	p. 31
Medical Care Unit	p. 31
Medical Staff/Service Unit	p. 31
Basic Service Classifications	p. 33
Expanded Medical Care/Staff/Service Units	p. 32
Assigning Service Classification	p. 32
Transfers	p. 33
Intrahospital Transfer	p. 33
Discharge Transfer	p. 33
Additional Discharge Options	p. 33
Statistical Data	p. 34
Data Collection	p. 34
When Collection Takes Place	p. 34
Recording Data	p. 34
Amount of Data Collection	p. 34
Sources of Statistical Data	p. 35
Medical Record	p. 35
Abstracts	p. 35
Ancillary/Additional Reports	p. 35
Admission, Transfer, Census and Discharge Lists	p. 35
Incident Reports	p. 35
Requestors of Data	p. 36
Administration and Governing Board	p. 36
Medical Staff	p. 36
Outside Agencies	p. 36
Other Organizations	p. 36
Vital Statistics	p. 36
Birth Certificate	p. 37
Death Certificate	p. 37
Fetal Death Certificate	p. 37
Summary	p. 37
Chapter 3 Test	p. 38
Census	p. 40
Census Collection and Terms	p. 41
Census	p. 41
Inpatient Census	p. 41
Hospital Patients	p. 41
Inpatients	p. 41
Outpatients	p. 41
Hospital Departments	p. 42
Hospital Units and Services	p. 42
Census Taking	p. 42
Admitted and Discharged the Same Day (AandD)	p. 44
Census/Inpatient Census	p. 44
Daily Inpatient Census (DIPC)	p. 44
Inpatient Service Day (IPSD)	p. 44
Unit of Measure vs. Totals	p. 45
Synonymous Figures	p. 45
Watch Out	p. 46
Total Inpatient Service Days	p. 46
Daily Recording-Recording of Daily Inpatient Census (DIPC) and Inpatient Service Days (IPSD)	p. 46
Example	p. 46
Deaths/Discharges	p. 46
Included	p. 46
Not Included	p. 47
Census Calculation Tips	p. 47
Beds/Bassinets	p. 48
Inpatient Classification Categories	p. 48
Beds	p. 48
Bassinets	p. 48
Adults and Children (AandC)	p. 48
Newborns (NB)	p. 48
Average Census	p. 51
Average Daily Inpatient Census (Average Daily Census)	p. 51
Explanation	p. 51
Separate AandC/NB Data	p. 51
Days in Month	p. 51
Leap Year	p. 52
Rounding	p. 52
Logical Answers	p. 52
Other Formulae for Census Averages	p. 52
AandC	p. 52
NB	p. 52
Clinical Unit	p. 53
Example	p. 53
Summary	p. 54
Chapter 4 Test	p. 55
Percentage of Occupancy	p. 59
Bed/Bassinet Count Terms	p. 60
Inpatient Bed Count or Bed Complement	p. 60
Newborn Bassinet count	p. 60
Rate Formula	p. 60
Beds	p. 61
Unit vs. Totals	p. 61
Excluded Beds	p. 61
Disaster Beds	p. 61
Bed/Bassinet Count Day Terms	p. 62
Inpatient Bed Count Day	p. 62
Inpatient Bassinet Count Day	p. 62
Inpatient Bed Count Days (Total)	p. 62
Occupancy Ratio/Percentage	p. 62
Adults and Children (AandC)	p. 62
Inpatient Bed Occupancy Ratio	p. 62
Formula: Daily Inpatient Bed Occupancy Percentage	p. 62
Example	p. 62
Explanation	p. 62
All Beds Occupied	p. 63
Disaster Beds and Occupancy Rates	p. 63
Normal Occupancy percentage	p. 63
Newborn (NB)	p. 63
Formula: Daily Newborn Bassinet Occupancy Percentage	p. 63
Example	p. 64
Occupancy Percentage for a Period	p. 64
Bed (A and C)	p. 64
Newborn (NB)	p. 65
Clinical Unit	p. 65
Change in Bed Count During a Period	p. 67
Summary	p. 70
Chapter 5 Test	p. 71
Mortality (Death) Rates	p. 78
Terms	p. 79
Mortality	p. 79
Discharge	p. 79
Death	p. 80
Inpatient Death	p. 80
Newborn Death	p. 80
Outpatient Death	p. 80
Hospital Fetal Death (Abortion/Stillborn Infants)	p. 80
Net vs. Gross	p. 80
Death Rates	p. 81
Helpful Hints	p. 81
Gross Death Rate	p. 81
Net Death Rate or Institutional Death Rate	p. 82
Newborn Death Rate (Infant Death Rate or Infant Mortality Rate)	p. 83
Surgical Death Rates	p. 85
Postoperative Death Rate	p. 85
Anesthesia Death Rate	p. 87
Obstetrical: Terms/Classifications/Death Rates	p. 88
Terms	p. 88
Delivery/Delivered	p. 88
Undelivered	p. 88
Puerperium	p. 89
Infant/Infant Death	p. 89
Maternal Death/Obstetrical Death	p. 89
Abortion	p. 89
Stillborn	p. 89
Hospital Fetal Death	p. 90
Partum	p. 90
Neonate/Neonatal	p. 90
Perinatal Period/Perinatal Death	p. 90
Postnatal/Post Neonatal	p. 90
Pregnancy Termination	p. 90
Induced Termination of Pregnancy	p. 90
Classifications	p. 91
Newborn Birth Data Classification	p. 91
Neonatal Periods	p. 91
Fetal Death Classification	p. 91
Death Rates	p. 92
Maternal	p. 92
Fetal Death Rate (Stillborn Rate)	p. 93
Included in Fetal Death Rates	p. 93
Fetal Death Rate (Stillborn Rate)	p. 94
Vital Statistics Rates	p. 95
Maternal Mortality Rate	p. 95
Infant Mortality Rate	p. 96
Neonatal Mortality Rate	p. 96
Perinatal Mortality Rate	p. 97
Post Neonatal Mortality Rate	p. 97
Fetal Death Rate	p. 97
Induced Termination of Pregnancy Rates	p. 99
Summary	p. 99
Chapter 6 Test	p. 100
Autopsy Rates	p. 106
Terms	p. 107
Autopsy	p. 107
Hospital Autopsy	p. 107
Inpatients	p. 107
Outpatients	p. 107
Coroner	p. 107
Medical Examiner	p. 107
Coroner's Cases	p. 108
Additional Autopsy Information	p. 109
Who Performs an Autopsy	p. 109
Where the Autopsy Is Performed	p. 109
Deaths Autopsied	p. 109
Inpatients	p. 109
Outpatients	p. 109
Fetal Deaths	p. 109
Coroner's Cases	p. 109
Report Requirements	p. 109
Consent	p. 110
Combining AandC and NB	p. 110
Autopsy Rates	p. 111
Gross Autopsy Rate	p. 111
Net Autopsy Rate	p. 113
Hospital Autopsy Rate (Adjusted)	p. 115
Newborn Autopsy Rate	p. 118
Fetal Autopsy Rate	p. 119
Summary	p. 120
Chapter 7 Test	p. 120
Length of Stay/Discharge Days	p. 124
Terms	p. 125
Length of Stay (LOS) (For One Inpatient)	p. 125
Total Length of Stay (For All Inpatients)	p. 125
Discharge Days (DD)	p. 125
Average Length of Stay (ALOS)	p. 125
Calculating Length of Stay	p. 125
General	p. 125
AandD Same Day	p. 126
Admitted One Day and Discharged the Next	p. 126
Longer Stays	p. 126
Total Length of Stay	p. 127
Importance of Discharge Days	p. 127
Totaling	p. 128
Average Length of Stay	p. 129
Adults and Children (AandC)	p. 129
Newborn (NB)	p. 132
Day on Leave of Absence	p. 134
Summary	p. 135
Chapter 8 Test	p. 135
Miscellaneous Rates	p. 139
Rates	p. 140
Cesarean Section Rate	p. 140
Delivery	p. 140
Not Delivered	p. 140
Cesarean Section Rate	p. 140
Consultation Rate	p. 143
Morbidity Rates	p. 144
Prevalence	p. 145
Incidence	p. 146
Complications and Complication Rates	p. 146
Case Fatality Rate	p. 146
Infection Rates	p. 147
Hospital Infection Rate (Nosocomial Rate)	p. 147
Postoperative Infection Rate	p. 149
Bed Turnover Rate	p. 153
Direct Bed Turnover Rate	p. 154
Indirect Bed Turnover Rate	p. 154
Bassinet Turnover Rate	p. 154
Usefulness of Turnover Rates	p. 154
Summary	p. 155
Chapter 9 Test	p. 156
Unit 1 Exam--Chapters 4 Through 9	p. 161
Frequency Distribution	p. 171
Introduction	p. 172
Ungrouped Frequency Distribution	p. 172
Grouped Frequency Distribution	p. 172
Purpose of a Grouped Frequency Distribution	p. 173
Bring Order to Chaos	p. 173
Condense Data to a More Readily Grouped Form	p. 173
Arranging Scores	p. 173
Terms Related To a Frequency Distribution	p. 173
Range	p. 174
Class	p. 174
Class Interval	p. 174
Class Limits (Score Limits)	p. 175
Class Boundaries	p. 175
Class Size/Class Width	p. 175
Frequency	p. 176
Cumulative Frequency	p. 176
Creating a Frequency Distribution	p. 177
Determine High and Low Scores	p. 177
Arrange Scores in Descending or Ascending Order (This Step Is Not Necessary but Is Extremely Helpful)	p. 177
Determine Range	p. 177
Determine the Number of Class Intervals	p. 177
Set Class/Score Limits	p. 178
Suggested Methods	p. 178
Departures from Convention	p. 178
Rules for Subsequent Computations	p. 178
Summary	p. 181
Chapter 10 Test	p. 182
Measures of Central Tendency	p. 185
Mean	p. 186
Arithmetic Mean	p. 186
Weighted Mean	p. 186
Mean Computed from Grouped Data	p. 187
Median	p. 188
Mode	p. 188
Curves of a Frequency Distribution	p. 189
Bilaterally Symmetrical Curves	p. 189
Measures of Variability	p. 189
Bell-Shaped Curve	p. 189
Other Symmetrical Curves	p. 190
Skewed Curves	p. 190
Skewed to the Right (Positive Skewness)	p. 190
Skewed to the Left (Negative Skewness)	p. 191
Effect of Skewness on Measures of Central Tendency	p. 191
Reporting Measures of Central Tendency from a Skewed Distribution	p. 192
Suggestions for Reporting Averages	p. 192
Additional Points	p. 193
Other Curves	p. 193
J-Shaped	p. 193
Reversed J-Shaped	p. 193
U-Shaped	p. 193
Bimodal	p. 193
Multimodal	p. 193
Ranks/Quartiles/Deciles/Centiles/Percentiles	p. 194
Terms	p. 194
Rank	p. 194
Quartiles	p. 194
Deciles	p. 194
Centiles/Percentiles	p. 194
Percentile Rank	p. 194
Percentile Score	p. 195
Percentages/Percentiles	p. 195
Importance of Percentiles	p. 195
Weakness of Percentiles	p. 195
Cumulative Frequency Related to Percentiles	p. 195
Computing Any Given Percentile	p. 195
Summary	p. 197
Chapter 11 Test	p. 197
Data Presentation
Tables	p. 201
Basic Table Format	p. 201
Table Elements	p. 202
Designing a Table	p. 202
Examples	p. 203
Plotting a Frequency Distribution	p. 206
Axes	p. 206
Vertical Scale	p. 206
Scale Proportion	p. 207
Graphic Presentation	p. 207
General Rules	p. 207
Types of Graphs	p. 207
Statistical Graphs or Graphs of Continuous Data	p. 208
Construction of a Histogram	p. 208
Summary for Constructing a Histogram	p. 210
Variations in Histogram Construction	p. 211
Frequency Polygon	p. 212
Advantage of Frequency Polygon	p. 212
When to Use	p. 212
Construction of a Frequency Polygon	p. 212
Histogram and Frequency Polygon-Additional Information	p. 213
Comparisons	p. 213
Supplementary Suggestions for Construction	p. 213
Superimposing Figures	p. 213
Graphing Other Data	p. 215
Bar Graph	p. 215
Line Graph	p. 217
Pie Graph/Pie Chart	p. 218
Pictograph/Pictogram	p. 219
Comparison Graph	p. 220
Bar Graphs	p. 221
Line Graphs	p. 223
Summary	p. 224
Chapter 12 Test	p. 225
Data Presentation Via Computer Technology	p. 229
Tables	p. 231
Setting up Tables	p. 231
Table Header	p. 231
Category and Series Labels	p. 231
Table Contents	p. 232
Data Alignment	p. 232
Data Presentation in Charts and Graphs	p. 233
Chart	p. 233
Graph	p. 233
Anatomy of a Chart/Graph	p. 234
Charts	p. 234
Bar Chart	p. 234
Simple Bar Chart	p. 234
Bar vs. Column Chart	p. 235
Additional Bar Charts	p. 236
Multiple Bar Charts	p. 236
Stack Bar Chart	p. 238
Percent Stack Bar Chart	p. 239
Guidelines for Constructing a Bar Chart	p. 240
Pie Chart	p. 240
Line Chart	p. 240
Guidelines for Constructing a Line Chart	p. 242
Graphs (Statistical)	p. 243
Line Graphs	p. 243
Histogram	p. 243
Frequency Polygon	p. 243
Summary	p. 245
Chapter 13 Test	p. 245
Unit II Exam--Chapters 10 Through 13	p. 248
Appendices	p. 254
Definitions	p. 254
Patient Terms	p. 254
Inpatient Terms	p. 254
Census-Related Terms	p. 255
Bed/Bassinet Count Terms	p. 255
Occupancy Terms	p. 256
Death-Related Terms	p. 256
Autopsy Terms	p. 256
Length of Stay/Discharge Day Terms	p. 257
OB/Maternal Terms	p. 257
Newborn Terms	p. 258
Miscellaneous Terms	p. 258
Formulae	p. 259
Census Formulae	p. 259
Rate Formula	p. 259
Occupancy Formulae	p. 260
Death Rates	p. 260
General	p. 260
Surgical Death Rates	p. 260
Maternal/Fetal Death Rates	p. 261
Autopsy Rates	p. 261
Other Rates	p. 261
Length of Stay	p. 262
Vital Statistics Mortality Rates	p. 262
Induced Termination of Pregnancy Rates	p. 263
Miscellaneous Rates	p. 263
Abbreviations	p. 264
Answers to the Self-Tests	p. 266
References	p. 272
Index	p. 273
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