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Automated Network Management Systems

by: Comer, Douglas E

Automated Network Management Systems

by: Comer, Douglas E

ISBN 13:
9780132393089
ISBN 10:
0132393085
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 11/10/2006
Publisher: Addison-Wesley

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Summary

Now more than ever, there is a big opportunity for research leading to automated systems that manage networks. In this innovative new book, Comer examines possibilities for the future, including ways to build software that automates management tasks.KEYTOPICS:Describes existing tools, technologies, platforms, and paradigms for network management. Covers the basics and define the scope of the problem. Aims to define terminology, but refers to standard network technologies and protocols (e.g. Ethernet, DSL/cable modem, TCP, IP, DHCP, and DNS) without giving details. Assumes a basic understanding of networking. A comprehensive guide for programmers or other information technology professionals who want to increase their network management skills.

Preface

The Network Management Challenge

(10)

Introduction

(1)

The Internet And Network Management

(1)

Internet Structure

(1)

Managing An Entity

(1)

Internal And External Policies

(1)

The State Of Network Management

(1)

Network Management In The Gartner Model

(1)

Benefits Of Automation

(1)

The Lack Of Industry Response

(1)

Impact On Business

(1)

Distributed Systems And New Abstractions

(1)

Remainder Of The Text

(1)

Summary

(4)

PART I Basics And Definitions

A Review Of Network Elements And Services

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Network Devices And Network Services

(1)

Network Elements And Element Management

(1)

Effect Of Physical Organization On Management

(1)

Examples Of Network Elements And Services

(1)

Basic Ethernet Switch

(1)

VLAN Switch

(1)

Access Point For A Wireless LAN

(1)

Cable Modem System

(1)

DSL Modem System And DSLAM

(1)

CSU/DSU Used In Wide Area Digital Circuits

(1)

Channel Bank

(1)

IP Router

(1)

Firewall

(1)

DNS Server

(1)

DHCP Server

(1)

Web Server

(1)

HTTP Load Balancer

(1)

Summary

(2)

The Network Management Problem

(14)

Introduction

(1)

What Is Network Management?

(1)

The Scope Of Network Management

(1)

Variety And Multi-Vendor Environments

(1)

Element And Network Management Systems

(1)

Scale And Complexity

(2)

Types Of Networks

(1)

Classification Of Devices

(1)

FCAPS: The Industry Standard Definition

(1)

The Motivation For Automation

(1)

Why Automation Has Not Occurred

(1)

Organization Of Management Software

(2)

Summary

(3)

Configuration And Operation

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Intuition For Configuration

(1)

Configuration And Protocol Layering

(3)

Dependencies Among Configuration Parameters

(1)

Seeking A More Precise Definition Of Configuration

(1)

Configuration And Temporal Consequences

(1)

Configuration And Global Consistency

(1)

Global State And Practical Systems

(1)

Configuration And Default Values

(1)

Partial State, Automatic Update, And Recovery

(1)

Interface Paradigm And Incremental Configuration

(1)

Commit And Rollback During Configuration

(1)

Automated Rollback And Timeout

(1)

Snapshot, Configuration, And Partial State

(1)

Separation Of Setup And Activation

(1)

Configuring Multiple Network Elements

(1)

Summary

(3)

Fault Detection And Correction

(12)

Introduction

(1)

Network Faults

(1)

Trouble Reports, Symptoms, And Causes

(1)

Troubleshooting And Diagnostics

(1)

Monitoring

(1)

Baselines

(1)

Items That Can Be Monitored

(1)

Alarms, Logs, And Polling

(1)

Identifying The Cause Of A Fault

(2)

Human Failure And Network Faults

(1)

Protocol Layering And Faults

(1)

Hidden Faults And Automatic Correction

(1)

Anomaly Detection And Event Correlation

(1)

Fault Prevention

(1)

Summary

(2)

Accounting And Billing

(10)

Introduction

(1)

Business Model And Network Charges

(1)

Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

(1)

Service Fees

(1)

Accounting For Flat-Rate Service

(1)

Accounting For Use-Based Service

(1)

Tiered Levels Of Service

(1)

Exceeding Quotas And Penalties

(1)

Assessing Financial Penalties

(1)

Traffic Policing And Strict Enforcement Of Limits

(1)

Technologies For Limiting The Rate Of Traffic

(1)

Priorities And Absolute Guarantees

(1)

Absolute Bandwidth Guarantees And MPLS

(1)

Relative Bandwidth Guarantees And Priorities

(1)

Priorities And Types Of Traffic

(1)

Peering Agreements And Accounting

(1)

Summary

(2)

Performance Assessment And Optimization

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Aspects Of Performance

(1)

Items That Can Be Measured

(1)

Measures Of Network Performance

(1)

Application And Endpoint Sensitivity

(1)

Degraded Service, Variance In Traffic, And Congestion

(1)

Congestion, Delay, And Utilization

(1)

Local And End-To-End Measurements

(1)

Passive Observation Vs. Active Probing

(1)

Bottlenecks And Future Planning

(1)

Capacity Planning

(1)

Planning The Capacity Of A Switch

(1)

Planning The Capacity Of A Router

(1)

Planning The Capacity Of An Internet Connection

(1)

Measuring Peak And Average Traffic On A Link

(1)

Estimated Peak Utilization And 95th Percentile

(1)

Relationship Between Average And Peak Utilization

(1)

Consequences For Management And The 50/80 Rule

(1)

Capacity Planning For A Complex Topology

(1)

A Capacity Planning Process

(5)

Route Changes And Traffic Engineering

(1)

Failure Scenarios And Availability

(1)

Summary

(2)

Security

(20)

Introduction

(1)

The Illusion Of A Secure Network

(1)

Security As A Process

(1)

Security Terminology And Concepts

(1)

Management Goals Related To Security

(1)

Risk Assessment

100

(1)

Security Policies

101

(1)

Acceptable Use Policy

102

(1)

Basic Technologies Used For Security

102

(3)

Management Issues And Security

105

(1)

Security Architecture: Perimeter Vs. Resources

105

(1)

Element Coordination And Firewall Unification

106

(1)

Resource Limits And Denial Of Service

107

(1)

Management of Authentication

107

(1)

Access Control And User Authentication

108

(1)

Management Of Wireless Networks

109

(1)

Security Of The Network

110

(1)

Role-Based Access Control

111

(1)

Audit Trails And Security Logging

112

(1)

Key Management

112

(1)

Summary

113

(4)

PART II Tools And Platforms

Management Tools And Technologies

117

(26)

Introduction

117

(1)

The Principle Of Most Recent Change

117

(1)

The Evolution Of Management Tools

118

(1)

Management Tools As Applications

118

(1)

Using A Separate Network For Management

119

(1)

Types Of Management Tools

120

(1)

Physical Layer Testing Tools

121

(1)

Reachability And Connectivity Tools (ping)

122

(1)

Packet Analysis Tools

123

(1)

Discovery Tools

124

(2)

Device Interrogation Interfaces And Tools

126

(1)

Event Monitoring Tools

127

(1)

Triggers, Urgency Levels, And Granularity

127

(2)

Events, Urgency Levels, And Traffic

129

(1)

Performance Monitoring Tools

129

(3)

Flow Analysis Tools

132

(1)

Routing And Traffic Engineering Tools

133

(1)

Configuration Tools

133

(1)

Security Enforcement Tools

134

(1)

Network Planning Tools

134

(1)

Integration Of Management Tools

135

(1)

NOCs And Remote Monitoring

136

(1)

Remote CLI Access

137

(1)

Remote Aggregation Of Management Traffic

138

(2)

Other Tools

140

(1)

Scripting

141

(1)

Summary

141

(2)

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

143

(20)

Introduction

143

(1)

The Remote Management Paradigm And Applications

143

(1)

Management Functions And Protocol Definition

144

(1)

The Read-Write Paradigm

145

(1)

Arbitrary Operations And Virtual Items

146

(1)

Standards For Network Management Protocols

146

(1)

SNMP Scope And Paradigm

147

(1)

Basic SNMP Commands And Optimizations

148

(1)

Asynchronous Traps And Event Monitoring

148

(1)

Traps, Polling, Bandwidth, And CPU Cycles

149

(1)

Management Information Base (MIB) And Variables

150

(1)

A Hierarchy Of MIB Variable Names

151

(2)

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Hierarchy

153

(1)

Complex Data Aggregates And MIB Tables

154

(1)

Granularity Of Aggregate Access

155

(1)

Transport Protocols And Interaction

155

(1)

Updates, Messages, And Atomicity

156

(1)

The Remote Monitoring MIB (RMON)

157

(1)

A Manager's View Of MIB Variables

158

(1)

Security And The Community String

159

(1)

Summary

160

(3)

Flow Data And Flow Analysis (NetFlow)

163

(22)

Introduction

163

(1)

Basic Traffic Analysis

163

(1)

The Flow Abstraction

164

(1)

The Two Types Of Flows

165

(1)

The Purpose Of Flow Analysis

166

(1)

Levels Of Flow Aggregation

167

(1)

Online And Offline Flow Analysis

168

(1)

Examples Of Flow Data Analysis

169

(2)

Flow Data Capture And Filtering

171

(2)

Packet Inspection And Classification

173

(1)

Capture For Online And Offline Analysis

174

(1)

Flows Using Packet Content

175

(1)

Flows And Optimized Forwarding

175

(2)

Flow Data Export

177

(1)

Origin Of NetFlow Technology

178

(1)

Basic NetFlow Characteristics

178

(1)

Extensibility And Templates

179

(1)

NetFlow Message Transport And Consequences

180

(1)

Effect Of Configuration Choices

181

(1)

Summary

182

(3)

Routing And Traffic Engineering

185

(20)

Introduction

185

(1)

Definitions Of Forwarding And Routing

185

(1)

Automation And Routing Update Protocols

186

(1)

Routing Basics And Route Metrics

186

(2)

Example Routing Update Protocols

188

(1)

Management Of Routes

189

(1)

The Difficulty Of Route Management

189

(1)

Use Of Routing Metrics To Enforce Policy

190

(1)

Overcoming Automation

191

(1)

Routing And Management Of Quality-of-Service

192

(1)

Traffic Engineering And MPLS Tunnels

193

(1)

Precomputation Of Backup Paths

193

(2)

Combinatorial Optimization And Infeasibility

195

(1)

Precomputation And Fast Convergence For IP Routing

196

(1)

Traffic Engineering, Security, And Load Balancing

196

(1)

Overhead, Convergence, And Routing Protocol Choices

197

(1)

OSPF Areas And The Principle Of Hierarchical Routing

198

(1)

Management Of Routing And Hidden Problems

199

(1)

The Global Nature Of Routing

200

(1)

Summary

201

(4)

Management Scripting

205

(34)

Introduction

205

(1)

Limits Of Configuration

205

(1)

Iterative Improvement Using The Upgrade Paradigm

206

(1)

Extending Functionality Without An Upgrade Cycle

207

(1)

The Traditional Concept Of Scripting

207

(1)

Scripts And Programs

208

(1)

Stand-Alone Management Scripts

209

(1)

CLI, The Unix Expect Program, And Expect Scripts

210

(1)

Example Expect Script

211

(1)

Management Scripts, Homogeneity, And Expect

212

(2)

An Example Stand-Alone Script With Graphical Output

214

(9)

Using Scripts As An Extension Mechanism

223

(1)

Example Server With Scripting Extensions

223

(2)

Example Of Server Extension Points

225

(1)

Script Interface Functionality

226

(1)

Example Server Extension Script

227

(3)

Example Script That Manipulates A Reply

230

(2)

Handling Multiple Tasks With A Single Script

232

(1)

Script Timing, External Access, And Overhead

233

(1)

Summary

234

(5)

PART III The Future Of Network Management

Network Automation: Questions And Goals

239

(18)

Introduction

239

(1)

Network Automation

240

(1)

Dividing The Problem By Network Type

241

(1)

Shortcomings Of Existing Automation Tools

242

(1)

Incremental Automation Vs. A Blank Slate

243

(1)

Interface Paradigm And Efficiency

244

(2)

The Goal Of An Automated Management System

246

(2)

Desiderata For An Automated Management System

248

(2)

Multiple Sites And Managers

250

(1)

Authority Domains And Role-Based Access Control

250

(1)

Focus On Services

251

(1)

Policies, Constraints, And Business Rules

251

(2)

Correlation Of Multiple Events

253

(1)

Mapping From Logical To Physical Locations

253

(1)

Autonomy, Manual Override, And Policy Changes

254

(1)

Summary

255

(2)

Architectures For Network Management Software

257

(26)

Introduction

257

(1)

Paradigms For Management System Design

258

(1)

Characteristics Of A Top-Down Approach

258

(1)

Characteristics Of A Bottom-Up Approach

259

(1)

Selecting Any Or All In A Bottom-Up Design

260

(1)

Weaknesses of The Two Design Paradigms

260

(1)

A Hybrid Design Methodology

261

(1)

The Critical Need For Fundamental Abstractions

262

(1)

An Analogy To Operating Systems

263

(1)

Separation Of Management From Elements

264

(1)

Mapping From Abstractions To Network Elements

264

(1)

Northbound And Southbound Interfaces

265

(1)

A Set Of Architectural Approaches

266

(7)

Useful Implementation Techniques

273

(2)

Late Binding Of A Programmatic Interface

275

(1)

Validation Of External Expectations

276

(2)

An Architecture Of Orthogonal Tools

278

(1)

Summary

279

(4)

Representation, Semantics, And Information Models

283

(30)

Introduction

283

(1)

Data For Management Software

283

(1)

The Issue Of Data Representation

284

(2)

Internal Representation And Programming Language

286

(1)

The Effect Of Programming Paradigm On Representation

286

(1)

Objects And Object-Based Representation

287

(1)

Object Representation And Class Hierarchy

288

(1)

Persistence, Relations, And Database Representation

288

(1)

Representations At Various Points And Times

289

(1)

Translation Among Representations

290

(1)

Heterogeneity And Network Transmission

291

(1)

Serialization And Extensibility

292

(1)

The Need For Semantic Specification

293

(1)

Semantic Validity And Global Inconsistency

293

(1)

Information Models And Model-Driven Design

294

(1)

Information And Data Models

295

(1)

Class Hierarchies In An Object-Oriented Model

296

(2)

Multiple Hierarchies

298

(1)

Hierarchy Design And Efficiency

299

(1)

Cross-Hierarchy Relationships And Associations

300

(1)

Prescriptive Models And Generality

301

(2)

Purpose Of Models And Semantic Inference

303

(1)

Standardized Information Models

303

(1)

Graphical Representation Of Models (UML)

304

(2)

The Issue Of Complexity

306

(1)

Mapping Objects To Databases And Relations

307

(1)

Representation And Storage Of Topology Information

307

(2)

Ontology And Data Mining

309

(1)

Summary

309

(4)

Design Tradeoffs

313

(10)

Introduction

313

(1)

Tradeoffs Involving Scope And Overall Approach

313

(2)

Architectural Tradeoffs

315

(2)

Engineering Tradeoffs And Costs

317

(1)

Tradeoffs In Representation And Semantics

318

(3)

Summary

321

(2)

Open Questions And Research Problems

323

(8)

Introduction

323

(1)

Fundamental Abstractions For A Management System

323

(1)

Separation Of Control And Validation

324

(1)

Boundary Between A Network And End Systems

324

(1)

Taxonomy Of Network Management Architectures

325

(1)

Extent Of Functionality Offered By Existing Systems

325

(1)

Management Of Routing And Traffic Engineering

325

(1)

Automated Address Assignment

325

(1)

Analysis Of Routing

326

(1)

Security Policy Enforcement

326

(1)

Infrastructure Redesign For Automated Management

326

(1)

Peer-To-Peer Propagation Of Management Information

327

(1)

Routing Failure Analysis

327

(1)

Limits Of Automated Topology Discovery

327

(1)

Data Mining Of NetFlow Data

327

(1)

Storage Of Network State

328

(1)

Anomaly Detection Using Bayesian Filtering

328

(1)

Cost Of Protection In Scripting

328

(1)

Late-Binding Interface Management Applications

328

(1)

Boundary Between Management System And Elements

329

(1)

Summary

329

(2)

Bibliography

331

(4)

Index

335

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Automated Network Management Systems

Automated Network Management Systems

9780132393089

0132393085

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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