Part One Principles 

          1        Defining Argumentation   

Elements of Argumentation   

Elements of Critical Decision Making   

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises    

          2        Appraising Argumentation   

Argumentation and Being Reasonable    

The Bases of Reason in Argumentation   

Starting Points for Argumentation

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises  

          3        Making Sense of Argumentation   

Some Ways of Making Sense

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Conclusion

Projects/Exercises

          4        The Nature of Arguments   

The Model of an Argument   

Reasoning Processes   

Definitions as Argument   

The Analysis of Arguments   

Conclusion

Projects/Exercises 

      5 Analysis in Argumentation   

Critical Analysis to Find a Proposition   

Critical Analysis of a Proposition   

Analysis of Claims   

Conclusion  

Projects/Exercises   

          6        Case Building   

Preliminary Steps in Case Building   

Developing a Convincing Vision   

Communication to Specific Decision Makers   

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises   

Part Two Tools

          7        Support: Evidence   

Forms of Evidence   

General Principles for the Use of Evidence   

Sphere Dependence of Evidence  

Conclusion  

Projects/Exercises   

          8        Support: Values   

Characteristics of Values  

Values Appear in Systems   

Values Define Ethics  

General Principles for the Use of Values   

Sphere Dependence of Values   

Conclusion  

Projects/Exercises  

          9        Support: Credibility   

Characteristics of Credibility   

Forms of Credibility  

General Principles for the Use of Credibility   

Sphere Dependence of Credibility   

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises

          10      Refutation   

The Process of Refutation  

Approaching Refutation   

Setting a Framework for Refutation   

Selecting a Posture for Refutation   

Communicating Refutation   

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises  

          11      Refutation by Fallacy Claims   

Views of Fallacy   

Social Guides to Fallacy Claims   

Using Fallacy Claims in Refutation   

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises   

Part Three Applications 

          12      Argumentation in Law   

Narratives in Legal Argumentation 

Arguments on the Law  

Commonplaces in Legal Argumentation   

Conclusion  

Projects/Exercises  

          13      Argumentation in Science   

What is Science?

Scientific Values

The Tradition of Argumentation in Science   

Scientific Use of Argument Types   

Scientific Use of Evidence   

Scientific Method as Argument

Conclusion   

Project s/Exercises  

          14      Argumentation in Religion   

Major Questions in Religious Argumentation   

Evidence in Religious Argumentation   

Preferred Argument Forms   

Conclusion   

Projects/Exercises  

          15      Argumentation in Business   

Starting Points for Business Argumentation   

Forms of Support in Business Argumentation   

Conclusion  

Projects/Exercises  

          16      Argumentation in Government and Politics   

The Nature of Political Argumentation  

Argumentation in Government and Politics  

Argumentation in Legislative Action  

Argumentation in Political Campaigns   

The Special Role of Debates  

Refutation in the Political Campaign   

Conclusion  

Projects/Exercises  

References   

Name Index   

Subject Index   

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